バリデータLink to this heading
バリデータを記述するLink to this heading
A validator is a callable that takes a value and raises a
ValidationError if it doesn't meet some
criteria. Validators can be useful for reusing validation logic between
different types of fields.
例えば、以下は偶数のみを許容するバリデータです:
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy as _
def validate_even(value):
if value % 2 != 0:
raise ValidationError(
_('%(value)s is not an even number'),
params={'value': value},
)
これはフィールドの validators 属性を通じて設定することができます:
from django.db import models
class MyModel(models.Model):
even_field = models.IntegerField(validators=[validate_even])
値はバリデータ実行前に Python に変換されているため、フォームでも同じバリデータを使用することができます:
from django import forms
class MyForm(forms.Form):
even_field = forms.IntegerField(validators=[validate_even])
より複雑なバリデータに対しては、クラスで __call__() メソッドを利用することもできます。RegexValidator はその一例で、このテクニックを使っています。クラスベースのバリデータが validators モデルフィールドのオプション内で使用されるときは、deconstruct() と __eq__() メソッドを追加して 移行フレームワークによりシリアライズ可能 になるようにしてください。
バリデータはどのように実行されるかLink to this heading
バリデータが実行される方法については、フォーム上での実行は フォームのバリデーション、モデル上の実行は オブジェクトを検証する にそれぞれ詳細が記載されています。モデルを save してもバリデータは自動的には呼び出されませんが、ModelForm を使用している場合にはフォームに含まれるすべてのフィールドでバリデータを実行することに注意してください。モデルのバリデーションがフォーム上でどのように動作するかについては、ModelForm ドキュメント を参照してください。
ビルトインのバリデータLink to this heading
django.core.validators モジュールは、モデルやフォームで使用する呼び出し可能なバリデータの集まりを有しています。これらは内部で使用されますが、作成したフィールドで使用することもできます。 追加で使うことも、field.clean() メソッドの代わりに使うことも可能です。
RegexValidatorLink to this heading
- class RegexValidator(regex=None, message=None, code=None, inverse_match=None, flags=0)Link to this definition
- パラメータ:
A
RegexValidatorsearches the providedvaluefor a given regular expression withre.search(). By default, raises aValidationErrorwithmessageandcodeif a match is not found. Its behavior can be inverted by settinginverse_matchtoTrue, in which case theValidationErroris raised when a match is found.- regexLink to this definition
The regular expression pattern to search for within the provided
value, usingre.search(). This may be a string or a pre-compiled regular expression created withre.compile(). Defaults to the empty string, which will be found in every possiblevalue.
- messageLink to this definition
バリデーションが失敗した場合に
ValidationErrorで使用されるエラーメッセージです。デフォルトは"Enter a valid value"です。
- codeLink to this definition
バリデーションが失敗した場合に
ValidationErrorで使用されるエラーコードです。デフォルトは"invalid"です。
- inverse_matchLink to this definition
regexに対する match モードです。デフォルトはFalseです。
- flagsLink to this definition
The regex flags used when compiling the regular expression string
regex. Ifregexis a pre-compiled regular expression, andflagsis overridden,TypeErroris raised. Defaults to0.
EmailValidatorLink to this heading
- class EmailValidator(message=None, code=None, allowlist=None)Link to this definition
- パラメータ:
An
EmailValidatorensures that a value looks like an email, and raises aValidationErrorwithmessageandcodeif it doesn't. Values longer than 320 characters are always considered invalid.- messageLink to this definition
The error message used by
ValidationErrorif validation fails. Defaults to"Enter a valid email address".
- codeLink to this definition
バリデーションが失敗した場合に
ValidationErrorで使用されるエラーコードです。デフォルトは"invalid"です。
- allowlistLink to this definition
Allowlist of email domains. By default, a regular expression (the
domain_regexattribute) is used to validate whatever appears after the@sign. However, if that string appears in theallowlist, this validation is bypassed. If not provided, the defaultallowlistis['localhost']. Other domains that don't contain a dot won't pass validation, so you'd need to add them to theallowlistas necessary.
URLValidatorLink to this heading
- class URLValidator(schemes=None, regex=None, message=None, code=None)Link to this definition
A
RegexValidatorsubclass that ensures a value looks like a URL, and raises an error code of'invalid'if it doesn't. Values longer thanmax_lengthcharacters are always considered invalid.Loopback addresses and reserved IP spaces are considered valid. Literal IPv6 addresses (RFC 3986 Section 3.2.2) and Unicode domains are both supported.
In addition to the optional arguments of its parent
RegexValidatorclass,URLValidatoraccepts an extra optional attribute:- schemesLink to this definition
URL/URI scheme list to validate against. If not provided, the default list is
['http', 'https', 'ftp', 'ftps']. As a reference, the IANA website provides a full list of valid URI schemes.
- max_lengthLink to this definition
-
The maximum length of values that could be considered valid. Defaults to 2048 characters.
validate_emailLink to this heading
- validate_emailLink to this definition
An
EmailValidatorinstance without any customizations.
validate_slugLink to this heading
- validate_slugLink to this definition
A
RegexValidatorinstance that ensures a value consists of only letters, numbers, underscores or hyphens.
validate_unicode_slugLink to this heading
- validate_unicode_slugLink to this definition
A
RegexValidatorinstance that ensures a value consists of only Unicode letters, numbers, underscores, or hyphens.
validate_ipv4_addressLink to this heading
- validate_ipv4_addressLink to this definition
A
RegexValidatorinstance that ensures a value looks like an IPv4 address.
validate_ipv6_addressLink to this heading
- validate_ipv6_addressLink to this definition
Uses
django.utils.ipv6to check the validity of an IPv6 address.
validate_ipv46_addressLink to this heading
- validate_ipv46_addressLink to this definition
Uses both
validate_ipv4_addressandvalidate_ipv6_addressto ensure a value is either a valid IPv4 or IPv6 address.
validate_comma_separated_integer_listLink to this heading
- validate_comma_separated_integer_listLink to this definition
A
RegexValidatorinstance that ensures a value is a comma-separated list of integers.
int_list_validatorLink to this heading
- int_list_validator(sep=',', message=None, code='invalid', allow_negative=False)Link to this definition
Returns a
RegexValidatorinstance that ensures a string consists of integers separated bysep. It allows negative integers whenallow_negativeisTrue.
MaxValueValidatorLink to this heading
- class MaxValueValidator(limit_value, message=None)Link to this definition
Raises a
ValidationErrorwith a code of'max_value'ifvalueis greater thanlimit_value, which may be a callable.
MinValueValidatorLink to this heading
- class MinValueValidator(limit_value, message=None)Link to this definition
Raises a
ValidationErrorwith a code of'min_value'ifvalueis less thanlimit_value, which may be a callable.
MaxLengthValidatorLink to this heading
- class MaxLengthValidator(limit_value, message=None)Link to this definition
Raises a
ValidationErrorwith a code of'max_length'if the length ofvalueis greater thanlimit_value, which may be a callable.
MinLengthValidatorLink to this heading
- class MinLengthValidator(limit_value, message=None)Link to this definition
Raises a
ValidationErrorwith a code of'min_length'if the length ofvalueis less thanlimit_value, which may be a callable.
DecimalValidatorLink to this heading
- class DecimalValidator(max_digits, decimal_places)Link to this definition
Raises
ValidationErrorwith the following codes:'max_digits'if the number of digits is larger thanmax_digits.'max_decimal_places'if the number of decimals is larger thandecimal_places.'max_whole_digits'if the number of whole digits is larger than the difference betweenmax_digitsanddecimal_places.
FileExtensionValidatorLink to this heading
- class FileExtensionValidator(allowed_extensions, message, code)Link to this definition
Raises a
ValidationErrorwith a code of'invalid_extension'if the extension ofvalue.name(valueis aFile) isn't found inallowed_extensions. The extension is compared case-insensitively withallowed_extensions.
validate_image_file_extensionLink to this heading
- validate_image_file_extensionLink to this definition
Uses Pillow to ensure that
value.name(valueis aFile) has a valid image extension.
ProhibitNullCharactersValidatorLink to this heading
- class ProhibitNullCharactersValidator(message=None, code=None)Link to this definition
Raises a
ValidationErrorifstr(value)contains one or more null characters ('\x00').- messageLink to this definition
The error message used by
ValidationErrorif validation fails. Defaults to"Null characters are not allowed.".
- codeLink to this definition
The error code used by
ValidationErrorif validation fails. Defaults to"null_characters_not_allowed".
StepValueValidatorLink to this heading
- class StepValueValidator(limit_value, message=None)Link to this definition
Raises a
ValidationErrorwith a code of'step_size'ifvalueis not an integral multiple oflimit_value, which can be a float, integer or decimal value or a callable.