Membuat formulir dari modelLink to this heading#

Jenis bidangLink to this heading#

The generated Form class will have a form field for every model field specified, in the order specified in the fields attribute.

Setiap bidang model mempunyai biadng formulir awalan sesuai. Sebagai contoh, sebuah CharField pada sebuah model adalah diwakili sebagai CharField pada formulir. Sebuah model ManyToManyField diwakilkan sebagai sebuah MultipleChoiceField. Ini adalah daftar penuh dari perubahan:

Seperti yang mungkin anda duga, jenis tipe model ForeignKey dan ManyToManyField adalah kasus-kasus berbeda:

• ForeignKey diwakili oleh django.forms.ModelChoiceField, yaitu sebuah ChoiceField yang pilihan-pilihan adalah sebuah model QuerySet.

• ManyToManyField diwakili oleh django.forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField, dimana MultipleChoiceField yang pilihan-pilihannya adalah sebuah model QuerySet.

Sebagai tambahan, setiap bidang formulir dibangkitkan mempunyai atribut disetel sebagai berikut:

• Jika bidang model mempunyai blank=True, maka required disetel ke False pada bidang formulir. Sebaliknya required=True.

• The form field's label is set to the verbose_name of the model field, with the first character capitalized.

• help_text bidang formulir disetel pada help_text dari bidang model.

• If the model field has choices set, then the form field's widget will be set to Select, with choices coming from the model field's choices. The choices will normally include the blank choice which is selected by default. If the field is required, this forces the user to make a selection. The blank choice will not be included if the model field has blank=False and an explicit default value (the default value will be initially selected instead).

Akhirnya, catat bahwa anda dapat menimpa bidang formulir digunakan untuk bidang model diberikan. Lihat Overriding the default fields below.

Sebuah contoh penuhLink to this heading#

Pertimbangkan kumpulan model ini:

from django.db import models
from django.forms import ModelForm

TITLE_CHOICES = {
    "MR": "Mr.",
    "MRS": "Mrs.",
    "MS": "Ms.",
}


class Author(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    title = models.CharField(max_length=3, choices=TITLE_CHOICES)
    birth_date = models.DateField(blank=True, null=True)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name


class Book(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    authors = models.ManyToManyField(Author)


class AuthorForm(ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Author
        fields = ["name", "title", "birth_date"]


class BookForm(ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Book
        fields = ["name", "authors"]

With these models, the ModelForm subclasses above would be roughly equivalent to this (the only difference being the save() method, which we'll discuss in a moment.):

from django import forms


class AuthorForm(forms.Form):
    name = forms.CharField(max_length=100)
    title = forms.CharField(
        max_length=3,
        widget=forms.Select(choices=TITLE_CHOICES),
    )
    birth_date = forms.DateField(required=False)


class BookForm(forms.Form):
    name = forms.CharField(max_length=100)
    authors = forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField(queryset=Author.objects.all())

Pengesahan pada sebuah ModelFormLink to this heading#

Terdapat dua langkah utama dilibatkan dalam ModelForm:

1. Validating the form

2. Validating the model instance 1

Just like normal form validation, model form validation is triggered implicitly when calling is_valid() or accessing the errors attribute and explicitly when calling full_clean(), although you will typically not use the latter method in practice.

Pengesahan Model (Model.full_clean()) dibangkitkan dari dalam langkah formulir pengesahan, tepat setelah metode formulir clean() dipanggil.

from django.core.exceptions import NON_FIELD_ERRORS
from django.forms import ModelForm


class ArticleForm(ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        error_messages = {
            NON_FIELD_ERRORS: {
                "unique_together": "%(model_name)s's %(field_labels)s are not unique.",
            }
        }

Cara save()Link to this heading#

Every ModelForm also has a save() method. This method creates and saves a database object from the data bound to the form. A subclass of ModelForm can accept an existing model instance as the keyword argument instance; if this is supplied, save() will update that instance. If it's not supplied, save() will create a new instance of the specified model:

>>> from myapp.models import Article
>>> from myapp.forms import ArticleForm

# Create a form instance from POST data.
>>> f = ArticleForm(request.POST)

# Save a new Article object from the form's data.
>>> new_article = f.save()

# Create a form to edit an existing Article, but use
# POST data to populate the form.
>>> a = Article.objects.get(pk=1)
>>> f = ArticleForm(request.POST, instance=a)
>>> f.save()

Note that if the form hasn't been validated, calling save() will do so by checking form.errors. A ValueError will be raised if the data in the form doesn't validate -- i.e., if form.errors evaluates to True.

If an optional field doesn't appear in the form's data, the resulting model instance uses the model field default, if there is one, for that field. This behavior doesn't apply to fields that use CheckboxInput, CheckboxSelectMultiple, or SelectMultiple (or any custom widget whose value_omitted_from_data() method always returns False) since an unchecked checkbox and unselected <select multiple> don't appear in the data of an HTML form submission. Use a custom form field or widget if you're designing an API and want the default fallback behavior for a field that uses one of these widgets.

This save() method accepts an optional commit keyword argument, which accepts either True or False. If you call save() with commit=False, then it will return an object that hasn't yet been saved to the database. In this case, it's up to you to call save() on the resulting model instance. This is useful if you want to do custom processing on the object before saving it, or if you want to use one of the specialized model saving options. commit is True by default.

Another side effect of using commit=False is seen when your model has a many-to-many relation with another model. If your model has a many-to-many relation and you specify commit=False when you save a form, Django cannot immediately save the form data for the many-to-many relation. This is because it isn't possible to save many-to-many data for an instance until the instance exists in the database.

Untuk memecahkan masalah ini, setiap kali anda menyimpan sebuah formulir menggunakan commit=False, Django menambahkan sebuah metode save_m2m() ke subkelas ModelForm. Setelah anda telah secara manual menyimpan instance dihasilkan oleh formulir, anda dapat meminta save_m2m() untuk menyimpan data formulir many-to-many. Sebagai contoh:

# Create a form instance with POST data.
>>> f = AuthorForm(request.POST)

# Create, but don't save the new author instance.
>>> new_author = f.save(commit=False)

# Modify the author in some way.
>>> new_author.some_field = "some_value"

# Save the new instance.
>>> new_author.save()

# Now, save the many-to-many data for the form.
>>> f.save_m2m()

Calling save_m2m() is only required if you use save(commit=False). When you use a save() on a form, all data -- including many-to-many data -- is saved without the need for any additional method calls. For example:

# Create a form instance with POST data.
>>> a = Author()
>>> f = AuthorForm(request.POST, instance=a)

# Create and save the new author instance. There's no need to do anything else.
>>> new_author = f.save()

Other than the save() and save_m2m() methods, a ModelForm works exactly the same way as any other forms form. For example, the is_valid() method is used to check for validity, the is_multipart() method is used to determine whether a form requires multipart file upload (and hence whether request.FILES must be passed to the form), etc. See Mengikat berkas terunggah ke formulir for more information.

Memilih bidang untuk digunakanLink to this heading#

It is strongly recommended that you explicitly set all fields that should be edited in the form using the fields attribute. Failure to do so can easily lead to security problems when a form unexpectedly allows a user to set certain fields, especially when new fields are added to a model. Depending on how the form is rendered, the problem may not even be visible on the web page.

The alternative approach would be to include all fields automatically, or remove only some. This fundamental approach is known to be much less secure and has led to serious exploits on major websites (e.g. GitHub).

There are, however, two shortcuts available for cases where you can guarantee these security concerns do not apply to you:

1. Setel atribut fields ke nilai khusus '__all__' untuk menunjukkan bahwa semua bidang-bidang dalam model harus digunakan. Sebagai contoh:

   Code

   from django.forms import ModelForm
   
   
   class AuthorForm(ModelForm):
       class Meta:
           model = Author
           fields = "__all__"
   

2. Setel atribut exclude dari kelas Meta sebelah dalam ModelForm pada daftar dari bidang untuk tidak disertakan dari formulir.

   Sebagai contoh:

   Code

   class PartialAuthorForm(ModelForm):
       class Meta:
           model = Author
           exclude = ["title"]
   

   Since the Author model has the 3 fields name, title and birth_date, this will result in the fields name and birth_date being present on the form.

If either of these are used, the order the fields appear in the form will be the order the fields are defined in the model, with ManyToManyField instances appearing last.

In addition, Django applies the following rule: if you set editable=False on the model field, any form created from the model via ModelForm will not include that field.

Mengesampingan nilai awalLink to this heading#

The default field types, as described in the Field types table above, are sensible defaults. If you have a DateField in your model, chances are you'd want that to be represented as a DateField in your form. But ModelForm gives you the flexibility of changing the form field for a given model.

Untuk menentukan widget penyesuaian untuk bidang, gunakan atribut widgets dari kelas Meta sebelah dalam. Ini harus berupa nama bidang pemetaan kamus pada kelas widget atau instance.

For example, if you want the CharField for the name attribute of Author to be represented by a <textarea> instead of its default <input type="text">, you can override the field's widget:

from django.forms import ModelForm, Textarea
from myapp.models import Author


class AuthorForm(ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Author
        fields = ["name", "title", "birth_date"]
        widgets = {
            "name": Textarea(attrs={"cols": 80, "rows": 20}),
        }

The widgets dictionary accepts either widget instances (e.g., Textarea(...)) or classes (e.g., Textarea). Note that the widgets dictionary is ignored for a model field with a non-empty choices attribute. In this case, you must override the form field to use a different widget.

Demikian pula, anda dapat menentukan atribut labels, help_texts dan error_messages dari kelas Meta sebelah dalam jika anda ingin lebih lanjut menyesuaikan bidang.

Sebagai contoh jika anda ingin menyesuaikan kata-kata dari semua pengguna menghadai string untuk bidang name:

from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy as _


class AuthorForm(ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Author
        fields = ["name", "title", "birth_date"]
        labels = {
            "name": _("Writer"),
        }
        help_texts = {
            "name": _("Some useful help text."),
        }
        error_messages = {
            "name": {
                "max_length": _("This writer's name is too long."),
            },
        }

You can also specify field_classes or formfield_callback to customize the type of fields instantiated by the form.

Sebagai contoh, jika anda ingin menggunakan MySlugFormField untuk bidang slug, anda dapat melakukan berikut:

from django.forms import ModelForm
from myapp.models import Article


class ArticleForm(ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Article
        fields = ["pub_date", "headline", "content", "reporter", "slug"]
        field_classes = {
            "slug": MySlugFormField,
        }

atau:

from django.forms import ModelForm
from myapp.models import Article


def formfield_for_dbfield(db_field, **kwargs):
    if db_field.name == "slug":
        return MySlugFormField()
    return db_field.formfield(**kwargs)


class ArticleForm(ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Article
        fields = ["pub_date", "headline", "content", "reporter", "slug"]
        formfield_callback = formfield_for_dbfield

Finally, if you want complete control over of a field -- including its type, validators, required, etc. -- you can do this by declaratively specifying fields like you would in a regular Form.

If you want to specify a field's validators, you can do so by defining the field declaratively and setting its validators parameter:

from django.forms import CharField, ModelForm
from myapp.models import Article


class ArticleForm(ModelForm):
    slug = CharField(validators=[validate_slug])

    class Meta:
        model = Article
        fields = ["pub_date", "headline", "content", "reporter", "slug"]

Mengadakan lokalisasi bidangLink to this heading#

By default, the fields in a ModelForm will not localize their data. To enable localization for fields, you can use the localized_fields attribute on the Meta class.

>>> from django.forms import ModelForm
>>> from myapp.models import Author
>>> class AuthorForm(ModelForm):
...     class Meta:
...         model = Author
...         localized_fields = ['birth_date']

Jika localized_fields disetel menjadi nilai khusus '__all__', semua bidang akan dilokalkan.

Warisan formulirLink to this heading#

As with basic forms, you can extend and reuse ModelForm classes by inheriting them. This is useful if you need to declare extra fields or extra methods on a parent class for use in a number of forms derived from models. For example, using the previous ArticleForm class:

>>> class EnhancedArticleForm(ArticleForm):
...     def clean_pub_date(self): ...
...

This creates a form that behaves identically to ArticleForm, except there's some extra validation and cleaning for the pub_date field.

You can also subclass the parent's Meta inner class if you want to change the Meta.fields or Meta.exclude lists:

>>> class RestrictedArticleForm(EnhancedArticleForm):
...     class Meta(ArticleForm.Meta):
...         exclude = ["body"]
...

This adds the extra method from the EnhancedArticleForm and modifies the original ArticleForm.Meta to remove one field.

Terdapat sepasang hal untuk dicatat, bagaimanapun.

• Normal Python name resolution rules apply. If you have multiple base classes that declare a Meta inner class, only the first one will be used. This means the child's Meta, if it exists, otherwise the Meta of the first parent, etc.

• It's possible to inherit from both Form and ModelForm simultaneously, however, you must ensure that ModelForm appears first in the MRO. This is because these classes rely on different metaclasses and a class can only have one metaclass.

• It's possible to declaratively remove a Field inherited from a parent class by setting the name to be None on the subclass.

  You can only use this technique to opt out from a field defined declaratively by a parent class; it won't prevent the ModelForm metaclass from generating a default field. To opt-out from default fields, see Memilih bidang untuk digunakan.

Menyediakan nilai awalLink to this heading#

As with regular forms, it's possible to specify initial data for forms by specifying an initial parameter when instantiating the form. Initial values provided this way will override both initial values from the form field and values from an attached model instance. For example:

>>> article = Article.objects.get(pk=1)
>>> article.headline
'My headline'
>>> form = ArticleForm(initial={"headline": "Initial headline"}, instance=article)
>>> form["headline"].value()
'Initial headline'

Fungsi pabrik ModelFormLink to this heading#

You can create forms from a given model using the standalone function modelform_factory(), instead of using a class definition. This may be more convenient if you do not have many customizations to make:

>>> from django.forms import modelform_factory
>>> from myapp.models import Book
>>> BookForm = modelform_factory(Book, fields=["author", "title"])

This can also be used to make modifications to existing forms, for example by specifying the widgets to be used for a given field:

>>> from django.forms import Textarea
>>> Form = modelform_factory(Book, form=BookForm, widgets={"title": Textarea()})

Bidang-bidang untuk disertakan dapat ditentukan menggunakan argumen katakunci fields dan exclude, atau atribut-atribut sesuai pada ModelForm didalam kelas Meta. Harap lihat dokumentasi Memilih bidang untuk digunakan ModelForm.

... or enable localization for specific fields:

>>> Form = modelform_factory(Author, form=AuthorForm, localized_fields=["birth_date"])

Merubah querysetLink to this heading#

By default, when you create a formset from a model, the formset will use a queryset that includes all objects in the model (e.g., Author.objects.all()). You can override this behavior by using the queryset argument:

>>> formset = AuthorFormSet(queryset=Author.objects.filter(name__startswith="O"))

Alternatifnya, anda dapat membuat sub kelas yang mensetel self.queryset dalam __init__:

from django.forms import BaseModelFormSet
from myapp.models import Author


class BaseAuthorFormSet(BaseModelFormSet):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.queryset = Author.objects.filter(name__startswith="O")

Then, pass your BaseAuthorFormSet class to the factory function:

>>> AuthorFormSet = modelformset_factory(
...     Author, fields=["name", "title"], formset=BaseAuthorFormSet
... )

If you want to return a formset that doesn't include any preexisting instances of the model, you can specify an empty QuerySet:

>>> AuthorFormSet(queryset=Author.objects.none())

Merubah formulirLink to this heading#

By default, when you use modelformset_factory, a model form will be created using modelform_factory(). Often, it can be useful to specify a custom model form. For example, you can create a custom model form that has custom validation:

class AuthorForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Author
        fields = ["name", "title"]

    def clean_name(self):
        # custom validation for the name field
        ...

Kemudian, lewati formulir model anda ke fungsi pabrik:

AuthorFormSet = modelformset_factory(Author, form=AuthorForm)

It is not always necessary to define a custom model form. The modelformset_factory function has several arguments which are passed through to modelform_factory, which are described below.

Menentukan widget yang digunakan dalam formulir dengan widgetsLink to this heading#

Using the widgets parameter, you can specify a dictionary of values to customize the ModelForm’s widget class for a particular field. This works the same way as the widgets dictionary on the inner Meta class of a ModelForm works:

>>> AuthorFormSet = modelformset_factory(
...     Author,
...     fields=["name", "title"],
...     widgets={"name": Textarea(attrs={"cols": 80, "rows": 20})},
... )

Mengadakan lokalisasi untuk bidang dengan localized_fieldsLink to this heading#

Menggunakan parameter localized_fields, anda dapat mengadakan lokalisasi untuk bidang ini dalam formulir.

>>> AuthorFormSet = modelformset_factory(
...     Author, fields=['name', 'title', 'birth_date'],
...     localized_fields=['birth_date'])

Jika localized_fields disetel menjadi nilai khusus '__all__', semua bidang akan dilokalkan.

Menyediakan nilai awalLink to this heading#

As with regular formsets, it's possible to specify initial data for forms in the formset by specifying an initial parameter when instantiating the model formset class returned by modelformset_factory(). However, with model formsets, the initial values only apply to extra forms, those that aren't attached to an existing model instance. If the length of initial exceeds the number of extra forms, the excess initial data is ignored. If the extra forms with initial data aren't changed by the user, they won't be validated or saved.

Saving objects in the formsetLink to this heading#

As with a ModelForm, you can save the data as a model object. This is done with the formset's save() method:

# Create a formset instance with POST data.
>>> formset = AuthorFormSet(request.POST)

# Assuming all is valid, save the data.
>>> instances = formset.save()

The save() method returns the instances that have been saved to the database. If a given instance's data didn't change in the bound data, the instance won't be saved to the database and won't be included in the return value (instances, in the above example).

When fields are missing from the form (for example because they have been excluded), these fields will not be set by the save() method. You can find more information about this restriction, which also holds for regular model forms, in Selecting the fields to use.

Pass commit=False to return the unsaved model instances:

# don't save to the database
>>> instances = formset.save(commit=False)
>>> for instance in instances:
...     # do something with instance
...     instance.save()
...

This gives you the ability to attach data to the instances before saving them to the database. If your formset contains a ManyToManyField, you'll also need to call formset.save_m2m() to ensure the many-to-many relationships are saved properly.

After calling save(), your model formset will have three new attributes containing the formset's changes:

models.BaseModelFormSet.changed_objectsLink to this definition#

models.BaseModelFormSet.deleted_objectsLink to this definition#

models.BaseModelFormSet.new_objectsLink to this definition#

Membatasi angka dari obyek dapat di suntingLink to this heading#

As with regular formsets, you can use the max_num and extra parameters to modelformset_factory() to limit the number of extra forms displayed.

max_num does not prevent existing objects from being displayed:

>>> Author.objects.order_by("name")
<QuerySet [<Author: Charles Baudelaire>, <Author: Paul Verlaine>, <Author: Walt Whitman>]>

>>> AuthorFormSet = modelformset_factory(Author, fields=["name"], max_num=1)
>>> formset = AuthorFormSet(queryset=Author.objects.order_by("name"))
>>> [x.name for x in formset.get_queryset()]
['Charles Baudelaire', 'Paul Verlaine', 'Walt Whitman']

Also, extra=0 doesn't prevent creation of new model instances as you can add additional forms with JavaScript or send additional POST data. See Preventing new objects creation on how to do this.

If the value of max_num is greater than the number of existing related objects, up to extra additional blank forms will be added to the formset, so long as the total number of forms does not exceed max_num:

>>> AuthorFormSet = modelformset_factory(Author, fields=["name"], max_num=4, extra=2)
>>> formset = AuthorFormSet(queryset=Author.objects.order_by("name"))
>>> for form in formset:
...     print(form)
...
<div><label for="id_form-0-name">Name:</label><input id="id_form-0-name" type="text" name="form-0-name" value="Charles Baudelaire" maxlength="100"><input type="hidden" name="form-0-id" value="1" id="id_form-0-id"></div>
<div><label for="id_form-1-name">Name:</label><input id="id_form-1-name" type="text" name="form-1-name" value="Paul Verlaine" maxlength="100"><input type="hidden" name="form-1-id" value="3" id="id_form-1-id"></div>
<div><label for="id_form-2-name">Name:</label><input id="id_form-2-name" type="text" name="form-2-name" value="Walt Whitman" maxlength="100"><input type="hidden" name="form-2-id" value="2" id="id_form-2-id"></div>
<div><label for="id_form-3-name">Name:</label><input id="id_form-3-name" type="text" name="form-3-name" maxlength="100"><input type="hidden" name="form-3-id" id="id_form-3-id"></div>

Sebuah nilai max_num dari None (awalan) menaruh batasan tinggi pada sejumlah formulir-formulir ditampilkan (1000). Dalam praktiknya ini adalah setara pada tidak ada batasan.

Preventing new objects creationLink to this heading#

Using the edit_only parameter, you can prevent creation of any new objects:

>>> AuthorFormSet = modelformset_factory(
...     Author,
...     fields=["name", "title"],
...     edit_only=True,
... )

Here, the formset will only edit existing Author instances. No other objects will be created or edited.

Using a model formset in a viewLink to this heading#

Model formsets are very similar to formsets. Let's say we want to present a formset to edit Author model instances:

from django.forms import modelformset_factory
from django.shortcuts import render
from myapp.models import Author


def manage_authors(request):
    AuthorFormSet = modelformset_factory(Author, fields=["name", "title"])
    if request.method == "POST":
        formset = AuthorFormSet(request.POST, request.FILES)
        if formset.is_valid():
            formset.save()
            # do something.
    else:
        formset = AuthorFormSet()
    return render(request, "manage_authors.html", {"formset": formset})

As you can see, the view logic of a model formset isn't drastically different than that of a "normal" formset. The only difference is that we call formset.save() to save the data into the database. (This was described above, in Saving objects in the formset.)

Menimpa clean() pada sebuah ModelFormSetLink to this heading#

Just like with a ModelForm, by default the clean() method of a ModelFormSet will validate that none of the items in the formset violate the unique constraints on your model (either unique, unique_together or unique_for_date|month|year). If you want to override the clean() method on a ModelFormSet and maintain this validation, you must call the parent class's clean method:

from django.forms import BaseModelFormSet


class MyModelFormSet(BaseModelFormSet):
    def clean(self):
        super().clean()
        # example custom validation across forms in the formset
        for form in self.forms:
            # your custom formset validation
            ...

Also note that by the time you reach this step, individual model instances have already been created for each Form. Modifying a value in form.cleaned_data is not sufficient to affect the saved value. If you wish to modify a value in ModelFormSet.clean() you must modify form.instance:

from django.forms import BaseModelFormSet


class MyModelFormSet(BaseModelFormSet):
    def clean(self):
        super().clean()

        for form in self.forms:
            name = form.cleaned_data["name"].upper()
            form.cleaned_data["name"] = name
            # update the instance value.
            form.instance.name = name

Menggunakan queryset penyesuaianLink to this heading#

Seperti dinyatakan sebelumnya, anda dapat menimpa queryset awalan digunakan oleh formset model:

from django.forms import modelformset_factory
from django.shortcuts import render
from myapp.models import Author


def manage_authors(request):
    AuthorFormSet = modelformset_factory(Author, fields=["name", "title"])
    queryset = Author.objects.filter(name__startswith="O")
    if request.method == "POST":
        formset = AuthorFormSet(
            request.POST,
            request.FILES,
            queryset=queryset,
        )
        if formset.is_valid():
            formset.save()
            # Do something.
    else:
        formset = AuthorFormSet(queryset=queryset)
    return render(request, "manage_authors.html", {"formset": formset})

Catat bahwa kami melewatkan argumen queryset dalam kedua kasus POST dan GET dalam contoh ini.

Menggunakan formset dalam cetakanLink to this heading#

Ada tiga cara untuk mengirim sebuah formset dalam sebuah cetakan Django.

First, you can let the formset do most of the work:

<form method="post">
    {{ formset }}
</form>

Second, you can manually render the formset, but let the form deal with itself:

<form method="post">
    {{ formset.management_form }}
    {% for form in formset %}
        {{ form }}
    {% endfor %}
</form>

When you manually render the forms yourself, be sure to render the management form as shown above. See the management form documentation.

Third, you can manually render each field:

<form method="post">
    {{ formset.management_form }}
    {% for form in formset %}
        {% for field in form %}
            {{ field.label_tag }} {{ field }}
        {% endfor %}
    {% endfor %}
</form>

If you opt to use this third method and you don't iterate over the fields with a {% for %} loop, you'll need to render the primary key field. For example, if you were rendering the name and age fields of a model:

<form method="post">
    {{ formset.management_form }}
    {% for form in formset %}
        {{ form.id }}
        <ul>
            <li>{{ form.name }}</li>
            <li>{{ form.age }}</li>
        </ul>
    {% endfor %}
</form>

Notice how we need to explicitly render {{ form.id }}. This ensures that the model formset, in the POST case, will work correctly. (This example assumes a primary key named id. If you've explicitly defined your own primary key that isn't called id, make sure it gets rendered.)

Metode menimpa pada InlineFormSetLink to this heading#

When overriding methods on InlineFormSet, you should subclass BaseInlineFormSet rather than BaseModelFormSet.

Sebagai contoh, jika anda ingin menimpa clean():

from django.forms import BaseInlineFormSet


class CustomInlineFormSet(BaseInlineFormSet):
    def clean(self):
        super().clean()
        # example custom validation across forms in the formset
        for form in self.forms:
            # your custom formset validation
            ...

Lihat juga Menimpa clean() pada sebuah ModelFormSet.

Then when you create your inline formset, pass in the optional argument formset:

>>> from django.forms import inlineformset_factory
>>> BookFormSet = inlineformset_factory(
...     Author, Book, fields=["title"], formset=CustomInlineFormSet
... )
>>> author = Author.objects.get(name="Mike Royko")
>>> formset = BookFormSet(instance=author)

Lebih dari satu foreign key pada model samaLink to this heading#

If your model contains more than one foreign key to the same model, you'll need to resolve the ambiguity manually using fk_name. For example, consider the following model:

class Friendship(models.Model):
    from_friend = models.ForeignKey(
        Friend,
        on_delete=models.CASCADE,
        related_name="from_friends",
    )
    to_friend = models.ForeignKey(
        Friend,
        on_delete=models.CASCADE,
        related_name="friends",
    )
    length_in_months = models.IntegerField()

To resolve this, you can use fk_name to inlineformset_factory():

>>> FriendshipFormSet = inlineformset_factory(
...     Friend, Friendship, fk_name="from_friend", fields=["to_friend", "length_in_months"]
... )

Menggunakan formset berderet di sebuah tampilanLink to this heading#

You may want to provide a view that allows a user to edit the related objects of a model. Here's how you can do that:

def manage_books(request, author_id):
    author = Author.objects.get(pk=author_id)
    BookInlineFormSet = inlineformset_factory(Author, Book, fields=["title"])
    if request.method == "POST":
        formset = BookInlineFormSet(request.POST, request.FILES, instance=author)
        if formset.is_valid():
            formset.save()
            # Do something. Should generally end with a redirect. For example:
            return HttpResponseRedirect(author.get_absolute_url())
    else:
        formset = BookInlineFormSet(instance=author)
    return render(request, "manage_books.html", {"formset": formset})

Perhatikan bagaimana kami melewatkan instance dalam kedua kasus POST dan GET.

Menentukan widget-widget untuk digunakan di formulir berderetLink to this heading#

inlineformset_factory menggunakan modelformset_factory dan melewatkan kebanyakan argumennya ke modelformset_factory. Ini berarti anda dapat menggunakan parameter widgets dalam banyak cara yang sama ketika melewatkan itu ke modelformset_factory. Lihat Specifying widgets to use in the form with widgets diatas.