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django.contrib.auth

This document provides API reference material for the components of Django's authentication system. For more details on the usage of these components or how to customize authentication and authorization see the authentication topic guide.

Model User

Bidang

class models.User

Obyek User mempunyai bidang berikut:

username

Wajib. 30 karakter atau sedikit. Nama pengguna mungkin mengandung alfanumerik, _, @, +, . dan - karakter.

first_name

Pilihan. 30 karakter atau sedikit.

last_name

Pilihan. 30 karakter atau sedikit.

email

Pilihan. Alamat email.

password

Required. A hash of, and metadata about, the password. (Django doesn't store the raw password.) Raw passwords can be arbitrarily long and can contain any character. See the password documentation.

groups

Hubungan banyak-ke-banyak ke Group

user_permissions

Hubungan banyak-ke-banyak ke Permission

is_staff

Boolean. Designates whether this user can access the admin site.

is_active

Boolean. Designates whether this user account should be considered active. We recommend that you set this flag to False instead of deleting accounts; that way, if your applications have any foreign keys to users, the foreign keys won't break.

This doesn't necessarily control whether or not the user can log in. Authentication backends aren't required to check for the is_active flag, and the default backends do not. If you want to reject a login based on is_active being False, it's up to you to check that in your own login view or a custom authentication backend. However, the AuthenticationForm used by the login() view (which is the default) does perform this check, as do the permission-checking methods such as has_perm() and the authentication in the Django admin. All of those functions/methods will return False for inactive users.

is_superuser

Boolean. Designates that this user has all permissions without explicitly assigning them.

last_login

Tanggalwaktu dari masuk terakhir pengguna.

date_joined

A datetime designating when the account was created. Is set to the current date/time by default when the account is created.

Cara

class models.User
get_username()

Returns the username for the user. Since the User model can be swapped out, you should use this method instead of referencing the username attribute directly.

is_anonymous()

Always returns False. This is a way of differentiating User and AnonymousUser objects. Generally, you should prefer using is_authenticated() to this method.

is_authenticated()

Always returns True (as opposed to AnonymousUser.is_authenticated() which always returns False). This is a way to tell if the user has been authenticated. This does not imply any permissions, and doesn't check if the user is active or has a valid session. Even though normally you will call this method on request.user to find out whether it has been populated by the AuthenticationMiddleware (representing the currently logged-in user), you should know this method returns True for any User instance.

get_full_name()

Mengembalikan first_name ditambah last_name, dengan spasi diantaranya.

get_short_name()

Mengembalikan first_name.

set_password(raw_password)

Sets the user's password to the given raw string, taking care of the password hashing. Doesn't save the User object.

When the raw_password is None, the password will be set to an unusable password, as if set_unusable_password() were used.

check_password(raw_password)

Returns True if the given raw string is the correct password for the user. (This takes care of the password hashing in making the comparison.)

set_unusable_password()

Marks the user as having no password set. This isn't the same as having a blank string for a password. check_password() for this user will never return True. Doesn't save the User object.

You may need this if authentication for your application takes place against an existing external source such as an LDAP directory.

has_usable_password()

Returns False if set_unusable_password() has been called for this user.

get_group_permissions(obj=None)

Returns a set of permission strings that the user has, through their groups.

If obj is passed in, only returns the group permissions for this specific object.

get_all_permissions(obj=None)

Returns a set of permission strings that the user has, both through group and user permissions.

If obj is passed in, only returns the permissions for this specific object.

has_perm(perm, obj=None)

Returns True if the user has the specified permission, where perm is in the format "<app label>.<permission codename>". (see documentation on permissions). If the user is inactive, this method will always return False.

If obj is passed in, this method won't check for a permission for the model, but for this specific object.

has_perms(perm_list, obj=None)

Returns True if the user has each of the specified permissions, where each perm is in the format "<app label>.<permission codename>". If the user is inactive, this method will always return False.

If obj is passed in, this method won't check for permissions for the model, but for the specific object.

has_module_perms(package_name)

Returns True if the user has any permissions in the given package (the Django app label). If the user is inactive, this method will always return False.

email_user(subject, message, from_email=None, **kwargs)

Sends an email to the user. If from_email is None, Django uses the DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL. Any **kwargs are passed to the underlying send_mail() call.

Manager methods

class models.UserManager

The User model has a custom manager that has the following helper methods (in addition to the methods provided by BaseUserManager):

create_user(username, email=None, password=None, **extra_fields)

Buat, simpan dan mengembalikan User.

username dan password disetel sesuai yang diberikan. Bagian ranah dari email adalah otomatis mengubah ke huruf kecil, dan mengembalikan obyek User akan menyetel is_active ke True.

Jika tidak ada sandi disediakan, set_unusable_password() akan dipanggil.

The extra_fields keyword arguments are passed through to the User’s __init__ method to allow setting arbitrary fields on a custom User model.

Lihat Membuat pengguna sebagai contoh penggunaan.

create_superuser(username, email, password, **extra_fields)

Same as create_user(), but sets is_staff and is_superuser to True.

Obyek AnonymousUser

class models.AnonymousUser

django.contrib.auth.models.AnonymousUser is a class that implements the django.contrib.auth.models.User interface, with these differences:

Dalam penerapannya, anda mungkin tidak butuh menggunakan obyek AnonymousUser anda sendiri, tetapi mereka digunakan oleh permintaan Jaringan, seperti yang dijelaskan di bagian selanjutnya.

Model Permission

class models.Permission

Bidang

Obyek Permission mempunyai bidang berikut:

class models.Permission
name

Dibutuhkan. 255 karakter atau sedikit. Contoh: 'Can vote'.

content_type

Dibutuhkan. Mengacu ke tabel basisdata django_content_type, yang mengandung sebuah rekaman untuk setiap model terpasang.

codename

Dibutuhkan. 100 karakter atau sedikit. Contoh: 'can_vote'.

Cara

Obyek Permission mempunyai standar cara akses-data seperti lainnya Django model.

Model Group

class models.Group

Bidang

Obyek Group mempunyai bidang berikut:

class models.Group
name

Dibutuhkan. 80 karakter atau sedikit. Karakter apapun diizinkan. Contoh: 'Awesome Users'.

permissions

Bidang banyak-ke-banyak ke Permission:

Code
group.permissions = [permission_list]
group.permissions.add(permission, permission, ...)
group.permissions.remove(permission, permission, ...)
group.permissions.clear()

Sinyal masuk dan keluar

The auth framework uses the following signals that can be used for notification when a user logs in or out.

user_logged_in()

Sent when a user logs in successfully.

Argumen dikirim dengan dinyal ini:

sender

Kelas pengguna yang baru masuk.

request

The current HttpRequest instance.

user

The user instance that just logged in.

user_logged_out()

Sent when the logout method is called.

sender

As above: the class of the user that just logged out or None if the user was not authenticated.

request

The current HttpRequest instance.

user

The user instance that just logged out or None if the user was not authenticated.

user_login_failed()

Terkirim ketika pengguna gagal berhasil masuk

sender

Nama modul digunakan untuk pengecekan keaslian.

credentials

A dictionary of keyword arguments containing the user credentials that were passed to authenticate() or your own custom authentication backend. Credentials matching a set of 'sensitive' patterns, (including password) will not be sent in the clear as part of the signal.

Backend pembuktian keaslian

This section details the authentication backends that come with Django. For information on how to use them and how to write your own authentication backends, see the Other authentication sources section of the User authentication guide.

Available authentication backends

The following backends are available in django.contrib.auth.backends:

class ModelBackend

This is the default authentication backend used by Django. It authenticates using credentials consisting of a user identifier and password. For Django's default user model, the user identifier is the username, for custom user models it is the field specified by USERNAME_FIELD (see Customizing Users and authentication).

It also handles the default permissions model as defined for User and PermissionsMixin.

has_perm(), get_all_permissions(), get_user_permissions(), and get_group_permissions() allow an object to be passed as a parameter for object-specific permissions, but this backend does not implement them other than returning an empty set of permissions if obj is not None.

authenticate(username=None, password=None, **kwargs)

Tries to authenticate username with password by calling User.check_password. If no username is provided, it tries to fetch a username from kwargs using the key CustomUser.USERNAME_FIELD. Returns an authenticated user or None.

get_user_permissions(user_obj, obj=None)

Returns the set of permission strings the user_obj has from their own user permissions. Returns an empty set if is_anonymous() or is_active is False.

get_group_permissions(user_obj, obj=None)

Returns the set of permission strings the user_obj has from the permissions of the groups they belong. Returns an empty set if is_anonymous() or is_active is False.

get_all_permissions(user_obj, obj=None)

Returns the set of permission strings the user_obj has, including both user permissions and group permissions. Returns an empty set if is_anonymous() or is_active is False.

has_perm(user_obj, perm, obj=None)

Uses get_all_permissions() to check if user_obj has the permission string perm. Returns False if the user is not is_active.

has_module_perms(self, user_obj, app_label)

Returns whether the user_obj has any permissions on the app app_label.

class RemoteUserBackend

Use this backend to take advantage of external-to-Django-handled authentication. It authenticates using usernames passed in request.META['REMOTE_USER']. See the Authenticating against REMOTE_USER documentation.

If you need more control, you can create your own authentication backend that inherits from this class and override these attributes or methods:

RemoteUserBackend.create_unknown_user

True or False. Determines whether or not a User object is created if not already in the database. Defaults to True.

RemoteUserBackend.authenticate(remote_user)

The username passed as remote_user is considered trusted. This method simply returns the User object with the given username, creating a new User object if create_unknown_user is True.

Mengembalikan None jika create_unknown_user adalah False dan obyek User dengan nama pengguna yang diberikan tidak ditemukan dalam basisdata.

RemoteUserBackend.clean_username(username)

Performs any cleaning on the username (e.g. stripping LDAP DN information) prior to using it to get or create a User object. Returns the cleaned username.

RemoteUserBackend.configure_user(user)

Configures a newly created user. This method is called immediately after a new user is created, and can be used to perform custom setup actions, such as setting the user's groups based on attributes in an LDAP directory. Returns the user object.

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