{"title":"用 GeoIP2 进行地理定位","version":"6.1","locale":"zh-hans","docname":"ref/contrib/gis/geoip2","url":"/zh-hans/6.1/ref/contrib/gis/geoip2/","canonical":"https://djangodocs.dev/zh-hans/6.1/ref/contrib/gis/geoip2/","summary":"GeoIP2 对象是 MaxMind geoip2 Python 库的包装器。为了执行基于 IP 的地理定位，GeoIP2 对象需要 geoip2 Python 包以及以二进制格式提供的 GeoIP Country 和/或 City…","html":"

用 GeoIP2 进行地理定位Link to this heading#

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概况Link to this heading#

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GeoIP2 对象是 MaxMind geoip2 Python 库 的包装器。[1]

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为了执行基于 IP 的地理定位，GeoIP2 对象需要 geoip2 Python 包以及以二进制格式提供的 GeoIP Country 和/或 City 数据集（CSV 文件将不起作用！），可以从 MaxMind 或 DB-IP 等网站下载。获取 GeoLite2-Country.mmdb.gz 和 GeoLite2-City.mmdb.gz 文件，并将它们解压缩到与 GEOIP_PATH 设置相对应的目录中。

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另外，建议安装 libmaxminddb C 库 ，这样 geoip2 就可以利用 C 库更快的速度。

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例如Link to this heading#

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以下是其用法的示例：

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Python console
>>> from django.contrib.gis.geoip2 import GeoIP2\n>>> g = GeoIP2()\n>>> g.country("google.com")\n{'continent_code': 'NA',\n 'continent_name': 'North America',\n 'country_code': 'US',\n 'country_name': 'United States',\n 'is_in_european_union': False}\n>>> g.city("72.14.207.99")\n{'accuracy_radius': 1000,\n 'city': 'Mountain View',\n 'continent_code': 'NA',\n 'continent_name': 'North America',\n 'country_code': 'US',\n 'country_name': 'United States',\n 'is_in_european_union': False,\n 'latitude': 37.419200897216797,\n 'longitude': -122.05740356445312,\n 'metro_code': 807,\n 'postal_code': '94043',\n 'region_code': 'CA',\n 'region_name': 'California',\n 'time_zone': 'America/Los_Angeles',\n 'dma_code': 807,\n 'region': 'CA'}\n>>> g.lat_lon("salon.com")\n(39.0437, -77.4875)\n>>> g.lon_lat("uh.edu")\n(-95.4342, 29.834)\n>>> g.geos("24.124.1.80").wkt\n'POINT (-97 38)'\n
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API 参考Link to this heading#

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\nclass GeoIP2(path=None, cache=0, country=None, city=None)Link to this definition#
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GeoIP 对象不需要任何参数来使用默认设置。然而，至少 GEOIP_PATH 配置应该用你 GeoIP 数据集位置的路径来设置。以下初始化关键字可用于自定义任何默认配置。

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关键字参数

描述

path

GeoIP 数据所在的基本目录或城市或国家数据文件（.mmdb）所在的完整路径。假设城市和国家数据集都在这个目录中；覆盖 GEOIP_PATH 配置。

cache

打开 GeoIP 数据集时的缓存配置。可以是（0、1、2、4、8）的整数，分别对应于 MODE_AUTO、MODE_MMAP_EXT、MODE_MMAP、GEOIP_INDEX_CACHE 和 MODE_MEMORY C API 配置。默认值为 0（MODE_AUTO）。

country

GeoIP 国家数据文件的名称。默认值为 GeoLite2-Country.mmdb。设置这个关键字会覆盖 GEOIP_COUNTRY 的配置。

city

GeoIP 城市数据文件的名称。默认为 GeoLite2-City.mmdb。设置这个关键字会覆盖 GEOIP_CITY 的配置。

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方法Link to this heading#

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查询Link to this heading#

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以下所有查询例程都可以接受 IPv4Address 或 IPv6Address 的实例、字符串 IP 地址或完全限定域名 (FQDN)。例如，IPv4Address("205.186.163.125")、"205.186.163.125" 和 "djangoproject.com" 都是有效的查询参数。

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\nGeoIP2.city(query)Link to this definition#
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返回给定查询的城市信息字典。字典中的一些值可能是未定义的（None）。

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\nGeoIP2.country(query)Link to this definition#
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返回给定查询的国家代码和国家的字典。

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\nGeoIP2.country_code(query)Link to this definition#
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返回与查询对应的国家代码。

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\nGeoIP2.country_name(query)Link to this definition#
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返回与查询对应的国家名称。

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坐标检索Link to this heading#

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\nGeoIP2.lon_lat(query)Link to this definition#
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返回 (经度, 纬度) 的坐标元组。

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\nGeoIP2.lat_lon(query)Link to this definition#
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返回 (经度, 纬度) 的坐标元组，

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\nGeoIP2.geos(query)Link to this definition#
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返回与查询对应的 Point 对象。

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配置Link to this heading#

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GEOIP_PATHLink to this heading#

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字符串或 pathlib.Path 指定 GeoIP 数据文件所在的目录。除非在初始化 GeoIP2 对象时用 path 关键字手动指定，否则该配置是 必须的。

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GEOIP_COUNTRYLink to this heading#

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GeoIP 国家数据文件的基名。默认为 'GeoLite2-Country.mmdb'。

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GEOIP_CITYLink to this heading#

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GeoIP 城市数据文件的基名。默认为 'GeoLite2-City.mmdb'。

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异常Link to this heading#

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\nexception GeoIP2ExceptionLink to this definition#
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当 GeoIP2 包装器中发生错误时引发的异常。来自底层 geoip2 库的异常会原样传递。

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脚注

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