{"title":"使用基于类的视图处理表单","version":"4.2","locale":"zh-hans","docname":"topics/class-based-views/generic-editing","url":"/zh-hans/4.2/topics/class-based-views/generic-editing/","canonical":"https://djangodocs.dev/zh-hans/4.2/topics/class-based-views/generic-editing/","summary":"表单处理通常有3个途径： 初始 GET （空白或预填充表单） 带有合法数据的POST（通常是带有错误的重新显示的表单） 带有合法数据的POST（处理数据和通常重定向） 自己实现这个会导致很多重复的样板代码（查看 Using a form in a view ）。为了避免这个问题，Django…","html":"

使用基于类的视图处理表单Link to this heading#

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表单处理通常有3个途径：

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自己实现这个会导致很多重复的样板代码（查看 Using a form in a view ）。为了避免这个问题，Django 提供了一组通用基于类的视图来处理表单。

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基础表单Link to this heading#

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提供联系表单：

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forms.py
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Python
from django import forms\n\n\nclass ContactForm(forms.Form):\n    name = forms.CharField()\n    message = forms.CharField(widget=forms.Textarea)\n\n    def send_email(self):\n        # send email using the self.cleaned_data dictionary\n        pass\n
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可以使用 FormView 构建视图：

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views.py
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Python
from myapp.forms import ContactForm\nfrom django.views.generic.edit import FormView\n\n\nclass ContactFormView(FormView):\n    template_name = "contact.html"\n    form_class = ContactForm\n    success_url = "/thanks/"\n\n    def form_valid(self, form):\n        # This method is called when valid form data has been POSTed.\n        # It should return an HttpResponse.\n        form.send_email()\n        return super().form_valid(form)\n
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注意：

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模型表单Link to this heading#

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通用视图在模型一起工作时真的很赞。这些通用视图将自动创建 ModelForm ，只要他们能找出要使用的模型类：

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模型表单视图提供一个 form_valid() 实现，来自动保存模型。如果你有特别的需求，你可以覆盖它。下面是例子。

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你甚至不需要为 CreateView 或 UpdateView 提供 success_url 。如果可用，它们将在模型对象上使用 get_absolute_url() 。

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如果你想使用一个自定义的 ModelForm （比如添加额外的验证），用来在视图上设置 form_class 。

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首先我们需要添加 get_absolute_url() 到 Author 类：

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models.py
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Python
from django.db import models\nfrom django.urls import reverse\n\n\nclass Author(models.Model):\n    name = models.CharField(max_length=200)\n\n    def get_absolute_url(self):\n        return reverse("author-detail", kwargs={"pk": self.pk})\n
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然后可以使用 CreateView 并友好的执行实际工作。注意这里我们如何配置通用基于类的视图。我们不用自己编写任何逻辑：

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views.py
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Python
from django.urls import reverse_lazy\nfrom django.views.generic.edit import CreateView, DeleteView, UpdateView\nfrom myapp.models import Author\n\n\nclass AuthorCreateView(CreateView):\n    model = Author\n    fields = ["name"]\n\n\nclass AuthorUpdateView(UpdateView):\n    model = Author\n    fields = ["name"]\n\n\nclass AuthorDeleteView(DeleteView):\n    model = Author\n    success_url = reverse_lazy("author-list")\n
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fields 属性的工作方式同 ModelForm 中内部 Meta 类的 fields 属性一样。除非你使用其他方式定义表单类，该属性是必需的，如果属性不存在，视图将引发 ImproperlyConfigured 异常。

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如果同时指定了 fields 和 form_class 属性，将会引发 ImproperlyConfigured 异常。

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最后将这些新视图挂钩到URLconf中：

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urls.py
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Python
from django.urls import path\nfrom myapp.views import AuthorCreateView, AuthorDeleteView, AuthorUpdateView\n\nurlpatterns = [\n    # ...\n    path("author/add/", AuthorCreateView.as_view(), name="author-add"),\n    path("author/<int:pk>/", AuthorUpdateView.as_view(), name="author-update"),\n    path("author/<int:pk>/delete/", AuthorDeleteView.as_view(), name="author-delete"),\n]\n
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模型和 request.userLink to this heading#

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若要跟踪使用 CreateView 创建的用户，你可以使用自定义的 ModelForm 来执行此操作。首先，在模型里添加外键关系：

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models.py
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Python
from django.contrib.auth.models import User\nfrom django.db import models\n\n\nclass Author(models.Model):\n    name = models.CharField(max_length=200)\n    created_by = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)\n\n    # ...\n
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在这个视图中，确保你没有在要编辑的字段列表中包含 created_by 字段 ，并且要覆盖 form_valid() 来添加用户：

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views.py
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Python
from django.contrib.auth.mixins import LoginRequiredMixin\nfrom django.views.generic.edit import CreateView\nfrom myapp.models import Author\n\n\nclass AuthorCreateView(LoginRequiredMixin, CreateView):\n    model = Author\n    fields = ["name"]\n\n    def form_valid(self, form):\n        form.instance.created_by = self.request.user\n        return super().form_valid(form)\n
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LoginRequiredMixin 防止那些未登录的用户访问表单。如果忽略，那么你将需要在 form_valid() 里处理未授权的用户。

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内容协商示例Link to this heading#

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下面是一个展示了如何实现基于API的工作流以及普通POST表单一起使用的表单：

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Code
from django.http import JsonResponse\nfrom django.views.generic.edit import CreateView\nfrom myapp.models import Author\n\n\nclass JsonableResponseMixin:\n    """\n    Mixin to add JSON support to a form.\n    Must be used with an object-based FormView (e.g. CreateView)\n    """\n\n    def form_invalid(self, form):\n        response = super().form_invalid(form)\n        if self.request.accepts("text/html"):\n            return response\n        else:\n            return JsonResponse(form.errors, status=400)\n\n    def form_valid(self, form):\n        # We make sure to call the parent's form_valid() method because\n        # it might do some processing (in the case of CreateView, it will\n        # call form.save() for example).\n        response = super().form_valid(form)\n        if self.request.accepts("text/html"):\n            return response\n        else:\n            data = {\n                "pk": self.object.pk,\n            }\n            return JsonResponse(data)\n\n\nclass AuthorCreateView(JsonableResponseMixin, CreateView):\n    model = Author\n    fields = ["name"]\n
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","rootId":"form-handling-with-class-based-views","toc":[{"title":"基础表单","anchor":"basic-forms","children":[]},{"title":"模型表单","anchor":"model-forms","children":[]},{"title":"模型和 request.user","anchor":"models-and-request-user","children":[]},{"title":"内容协商示例","anchor":"content-negotiation-example","children":[]}],"breadcrumbs":[{"docname":"topics/index","title":"使用 Django","url":"/zh-hans/4.2/topics/"},{"docname":"topics/class-based-views/index","title":"基于类的视图","url":"/zh-hans/4.2/topics/class-based-views/"}],"prev":{"docname":"topics/class-based-views/generic-display","title":"内置的基于类的通用视图","url":"/zh-hans/4.2/topics/class-based-views/generic-display/"},"next":{"docname":"topics/class-based-views/mixins","title":"在基于类的视图中使用混入","url":"/zh-hans/4.2/topics/class-based-views/mixins/"},"formats":{"html":"/zh-hans/4.2/topics/class-based-views/generic-editing/","markdown":"/zh-hans/4.2/topics/class-based-views/generic-editing.md","json":"/zh-hans/4.2/topics/class-based-views/generic-editing.json"},"source":"https://github.com/django/django/blob/stable/4.2.x/docs/topics/class-based-views/generic-editing.txt","official":"https://docs.djangoproject.com/zh-hans/4.2/topics/class-based-views/generic-editing/","inVersions":["6.1","6.0","5.2","5.1","5.0","4.2","4.1","4.0","3.2","3.1","3.0","2.2","2.1","2.0"],"inLocales":["en","zh-hans","fr","ja","id","it","pt-br","ko","es","el","pl"]}