{"title":"GIS QuerySet API 参考","version":"4.2","locale":"zh-hans","docname":"ref/contrib/gis/geoquerysets","url":"/zh-hans/4.2/ref/contrib/gis/geoquerysets/","canonical":"https://djangodocs.dev/zh-hans/4.2/ref/contrib/gis/geoquerysets/","summary":"空间查找 Link to this heading # 这个部分中的空间查找适用于 GeometryField 和 RasterField 。 有关介绍，请参见 空间查找引言 。要查看与特定空间后端兼容的查找方式的概述，请参考 空间查找兼容性表 。 栅格查找方式 Link to this heading #…","html":"

GIS QuerySet API 参考Link to this heading#

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空间查找Link to this heading#

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这个部分中的空间查找适用于 GeometryField 和 RasterField。

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有关介绍，请参见 空间查找引言。要查看与特定空间后端兼容的查找方式的概述，请参考 空间查找兼容性表。

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栅格查找方式Link to this heading#

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参考下面的文档中，所有示例都是针对几何字段和输入的，但是查找方式可以在两侧都以相同的方式用于栅格。每当某个查找方式不支持栅格输入时，输入将自动转换为几何，必要时使用 ST_Polygon 函数。还请参阅 栅格查找引言。

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查找方式使用的数据库运算符可以分为三类：

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以下示例展示了不同类型栅格支持的查找方式的 SQL 等效方式。相同的模式适用于所有空间查找方式。

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\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

案例

查找

SQL 等效方式

N, B

rast__contains=rst

ST_Contains(rast, rst)

N, B

rast__1__contains=(rst, 2)

ST_Contains(rast, 1, rst, 2)

B, C

rast__contains=geom

ST_Contains(ST_Polygon(rast), geom)

B, C

rast__1__contains=geom

ST_Contains(ST_Polygon(rast, 1), geom)

B, C

poly__contains=rst

ST_Contains(poly, ST_Polygon(rst))

B, C

poly__contains=(rst, 1)

ST_Contains(poly, ST_Polygon(rst, 1))

C

rast__crosses=rst

ST_Crosses(ST_Polygon(rast), ST_Polygon(rst))

C

rast__1__crosses=(rst, 2)

ST_Crosses(ST_Polygon(rast, 1), ST_Polygon(rst, 2))

C

rast__crosses=geom

ST_Crosses(ST_Polygon(rast), geom)

C

poly__crosses=rst

ST_Crosses(poly, ST_Polygon(rst))

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仅支持在 PostGIS 后端（在本节中称为 PGRaster）中使用栅格进行空间查找。

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bbcontainsLink to this heading#

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可用性: PostGIS, MariaDB, MySQL, SpatiaLite, PGRaster (Native)

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测试几何或栅格字段的边界框是否完全包含查找几何的边界框。

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举例：

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Code
Zipcode.objects.filter(poly__bbcontains=geom)\n
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后端

SQL 等效方式

PostGIS

poly ~ geom

MariaDB

MBRContains(poly, geom)

MySQL

MBRContains(poly, geom)

SpatiaLite

MbrContains(poly, geom)

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bboverlapsLink to this heading#

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可用性: PostGIS, MariaDB, MySQL, SpatiaLite, PGRaster (Native)

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测试几何字段的边界框是否与查找几何的边界框重叠。

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举例：

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Code
Zipcode.objects.filter(poly__bboverlaps=geom)\n
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后端

SQL 等效方式

PostGIS

poly && geom

MariaDB

MBROverlaps(poly, geom)

MySQL

MBROverlaps(poly, geom)

SpatiaLite

MbrOverlaps(poly, geom)

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containedLink to this heading#

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可用性: PostGIS, MariaDB, MySQL, SpatiaLite, PGRaster (Native)

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测试几何字段的边界框是否完全包含在查找几何的边界框内。

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举例：

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Code
Zipcode.objects.filter(poly__contained=geom)\n
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后端

SQL 等效方式

PostGIS

poly @ geom

MariaDB

MBRWithin(poly, geom)

MySQL

MBRWithin(poly, geom)

SpatiaLite

MbrWithin(poly, geom)

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containsLink to this heading#

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可用性: PostGIS, Oracle, MariaDB, MySQL, SpatiaLite, PGRaster (Bilateral)

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测试几何字段是否在空间上包含查找几何。

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举例：

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Code
Zipcode.objects.filter(poly__contains=geom)\n
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后端

SQL 等效方式

PostGIS

ST_Contains(poly, geom)

Oracle

SDO_CONTAINS(poly, geom)

MariaDB

ST_Contains(poly, geom)

MySQL

ST_Contains(poly, geom)

SpatiaLite

Contains(poly, geom)

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contains_properlyLink to this heading#

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可用性: PostGIS, PGRaster (Bilateral)

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如果查找几何与几何字段的内部相交但不与边界（或外部）相交，则返回 true。

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举例：

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Code
Zipcode.objects.filter(poly__contains_properly=geom)\n
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后端

SQL 等效方式

PostGIS

ST_ContainsProperly(poly, geom)

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coveredbyLink to this heading#

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可用性: PostGIS, Oracle, PGRaster (Bilateral), SpatiaLite

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测试几何字段中是否没有点位于查找几何的外部。 [3]

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举例：

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Code
Zipcode.objects.filter(poly__coveredby=geom)\n
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后端

SQL 等效方式

PostGIS

ST_CoveredBy(poly, geom)

Oracle

SDO_COVEREDBY(poly, geom)

SpatiaLite

CoveredBy(poly, geom)

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coversLink to this heading#

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可用性: PostGIS, Oracle, PGRaster (Bilateral), SpatiaLite

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测试查找几何中是否没有点位于几何字段的外部。 [3]

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举例：

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Code
Zipcode.objects.filter(poly__covers=geom)\n
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后端

SQL 等效方式

PostGIS

ST_Covers(poly, geom)

Oracle

SDO_COVERS(poly, geom)

SpatiaLite

Covers(poly, geom)

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crossesLink to this heading#

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可用性: PostGIS, MariaDB, MySQL, SpatiaLite, PGRaster (Conversion)

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测试几何字段是否在空间上与查找几何交叉。

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举例：

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Code
Zipcode.objects.filter(poly__crosses=geom)\n
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后端

SQL 等效方式

PostGIS

ST_Crosses(poly, geom)

MariaDB

ST_Crosses(poly, geom)

MySQL

ST_Crosses(poly, geom)

SpatiaLite

Crosses(poly, geom)

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disjointLink to this heading#

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可用性: PostGIS, Oracle, MariaDB, MySQL, SpatiaLite, PGRaster (Bilateral)

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测试几何字段是否在空间上与查找几何不相交。

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举例：

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Code
Zipcode.objects.filter(poly__disjoint=geom)\n
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后端

SQL 等效方式

PostGIS

ST_Disjoint(poly, geom)

Oracle

SDO_GEOM.RELATE(poly, 'DISJOINT', geom, 0.05)

MariaDB

ST_Disjoint(poly, geom)

MySQL

ST_Disjoint(poly, geom)

SpatiaLite

Disjoint(poly, geom)

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equalsLink to this heading#

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可用性: PostGIS, Oracle, MariaDB, MySQL, SpatiaLite, PGRaster (Conversion)

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测试几何字段是否在空间上等于查找几何。

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举例：

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Code
Zipcode.objects.filter(poly__equals=geom)\n
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后端

SQL 等效方式

PostGIS

ST_Equals(poly, geom)

Oracle

SDO_EQUAL(poly, geom)

MariaDB

ST_Equals(poly, geom)

MySQL

ST_Equals(poly, geom)

SpatiaLite

Equals(poly, geom)

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exact, same_asLink to this heading#

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可用性: PostGIS, Oracle, MariaDB, MySQL, SpatiaLite, PGRaster (Bilateral)

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测试几何字段是否在 Oracle、MySQL 和 SpatiaLite 上空间上等于查找几何，在 PostGIS 上它测试边界框的相等性。

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举例：

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Code
Zipcode.objects.filter(poly=geom)\n
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后端

SQL 等效方式

PostGIS

poly ~= geom

Oracle

SDO_EQUAL(poly, geom)

MariaDB

ST_Equals(poly, geom)

MySQL

ST_Equals(poly, geom)

SpatiaLite

Equals(poly, geom)

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intersectsLink to this heading#

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可用性: PostGIS, Oracle, MariaDB, MySQL, SpatiaLite, PGRaster (Bilateral)

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测试几何字段是否在空间上与查找几何相交。

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举例：

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Code
Zipcode.objects.filter(poly__intersects=geom)\n
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后端

SQL 等效方式

PostGIS

ST_Intersects(poly, geom)

Oracle

SDO_OVERLAPBDYINTERSECT(poly, geom)

MariaDB

ST_Intersects(poly, geom)

MySQL

ST_Intersects(poly, geom)

SpatiaLite

Intersects(poly, geom)

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isemptyLink to this heading#

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可用性: PostGIS

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测试几何是否为空。

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举例：

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Code
Zipcode.objects.filter(poly__isempty=True)\n
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isvalidLink to this heading#

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可用性: MySQL, PostGIS, Oracle, SpatiaLite

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测试几何是否有效。

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举例：

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Code
Zipcode.objects.filter(poly__isvalid=True)\n
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后端

SQL 等效方式

MySQL, PostGIS, SpatiaLite

ST_IsValid(poly)

Oracle

SDO_GEOM.VALIDATE_GEOMETRY_WITH_CONTEXT(poly, 0.05) = 'TRUE'

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overlapsLink to this heading#

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可用性: PostGIS, Oracle, MariaDB, MySQL, SpatiaLite, PGRaster (Bilateral)

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测试几何字段是否在空间上与查找几何重叠。

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后端

SQL 等效方式

PostGIS

ST_Overlaps(poly, geom)

Oracle

SDO_OVERLAPS(poly, geom)

MariaDB

ST_Overlaps(poly, geom)

MySQL

ST_Overlaps(poly, geom)

SpatiaLite

Overlaps(poly, geom)

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relateLink to this heading#

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可用性: PostGIS, MariaDB, Oracle, SpatiaLite, PGRaster (Conversion)

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测试几何字段是否与查找几何在给定模式中指定的值上存在空间关系。此查找方式需要一个元组参数，(geom, pattern)； pattern 的形式将取决于空间后端：

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MariaDB、PostGIS 和 SpatiaLiteLink to this heading#

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在这些空间后端上，交集模式是一个包含九个字符的字符串，定义了几何字段的内部、边界和外部与查找几何之间的交集。交集模式矩阵只能使用以下字符：1、2、T、F 或 *。此查找方式允许用户“微调”与 DE-9IM 模型一致的特定几何关系。[1]

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几何示例：

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Code
# A tuple lookup parameter is used to specify the geometry and\n# the intersection pattern (the pattern here is for 'contains').\nZipcode.objects.filter(poly__relate=(geom, "T*T***FF*"))\n
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PostGIS 和 MariaDB 的 SQL 等效方式：

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SQL
SELECT ... WHERE ST_Relate(poly, geom, 'T*T***FF*')\n
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SpatiaLite 的 SQL 等效方式：

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SQL
SELECT ... WHERE Relate(poly, geom, 'T*T***FF*')\n
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栅格示例：

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Code
Zipcode.objects.filter(poly__relate=(rast, 1, "T*T***FF*"))\nZipcode.objects.filter(rast__2__relate=(rast, 1, "T*T***FF*"))\n
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PostGIS 的 SQL 等效方式：

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SQL
SELECT ... WHERE ST_Relate(poly, ST_Polygon(rast, 1), 'T*T***FF*')\nSELECT ... WHERE ST_Relate(ST_Polygon(rast, 2), ST_Polygon(rast, 1), 'T*T***FF*')\n
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OracleLink to this heading#

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这里的关系模式由以下至少一个九个关系字符串组成：TOUCH、OVERLAPBDYDISJOINT、OVERLAPBDYINTERSECT、EQUAL、INSIDE、COVEREDBY、CONTAINS、COVERS、ON 和 ANYINTERACT。多个字符串可以用逻辑布尔运算符 OR 组合，例如 'inside+touch'。这些关系字符串不区分大小写。 [2]

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举例：

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Code
Zipcode.objects.filter(poly__relate=(geom, "anyinteract"))\n
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Oracle 的 SQL 等效方式：

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SQL
SELECT ... WHERE SDO_RELATE(poly, geom, 'anyinteract')\n
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touchesLink to this heading#

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可用性: PostGIS, Oracle, MariaDB, MySQL, SpatiaLite

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测试几何字段是否在空间上与查找几何接触。

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举例：

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Code
Zipcode.objects.filter(poly__touches=geom)\n
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后端

SQL 等效方式

PostGIS

ST_Touches(poly, geom)

MariaDB

ST_Touches(poly, geom)

MySQL

ST_Touches(poly, geom)

Oracle

SDO_TOUCH(poly, geom)

SpatiaLite

Touches(poly, geom)

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withinLink to this heading#

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可用性: PostGIS, Oracle, MariaDB, MySQL, SpatiaLite, PGRaster (Bilateral)

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测试几何字段是否在空间上位于查找几何内部。

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举例：

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Code
Zipcode.objects.filter(poly__within=geom)\n
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后端

SQL 等效方式

PostGIS

ST_Within(poly, geom)

MariaDB

ST_Within(poly, geom)

MySQL

ST_Within(poly, geom)

Oracle

SDO_INSIDE(poly, geom)

SpatiaLite

Within(poly, geom)

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leftLink to this heading#

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可用性: PostGIS, PGRaster (Conversion)

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测试几何字段的边界框是否严格位于查找几何的边界框左侧。

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举例：

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Code
Zipcode.objects.filter(poly__left=geom)\n
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PostGIS 等效方式：

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SQL
SELECT ... WHERE poly << geom\n
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rightLink to this heading#

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可用性: PostGIS, PGRaster (Conversion)

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测试几何字段的边界框是否严格位于查找几何的边界框右侧。

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举例：

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Code
Zipcode.objects.filter(poly__right=geom)\n
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PostGIS 等效方式：

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SQL
SELECT ... WHERE poly >> geom\n
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overlaps_leftLink to this heading#

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可用性: PostGIS, PGRaster (Bilateral)

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测试几何字段的边界框是否与查找几何的边界框重叠或位于其左侧。

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举例：

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Code
Zipcode.objects.filter(poly__overlaps_left=geom)\n
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PostGIS 等效方式：

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SQL
SELECT ... WHERE poly &< geom\n
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overlaps_rightLink to this heading#

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可用性: PostGIS, PGRaster (Bilateral)

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测试几何字段的边界框是否与查找几何的边界框重叠或位于其右侧。

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举例：

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Code
Zipcode.objects.filter(poly__overlaps_right=geom)\n
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PostGIS 等效方式：

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SQL
SELECT ... WHERE poly &> geom\n
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overlaps_aboveLink to this heading#

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可用性: PostGIS, PGRaster (Conversion)

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测试几何字段的边界框是否与查找几何的边界框重叠或位于其上方。

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举例：

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Code
Zipcode.objects.filter(poly__overlaps_above=geom)\n
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PostGIS 等效方式：

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SQL
SELECT ... WHERE poly |&> geom\n
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overlaps_belowLink to this heading#

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可用性: PostGIS, PGRaster (Conversion)

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测试几何字段的边界框是否与查找几何的边界框重叠或位于其下方。

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举例：

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Code
Zipcode.objects.filter(poly__overlaps_below=geom)\n
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PostGIS 等效方式：

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SQL
SELECT ... WHERE poly &<| geom\n
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strictly_aboveLink to this heading#

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可用性: PostGIS, PGRaster (Conversion)

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测试几何字段的边界框是否严格位于查找几何的边界框上方。

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举例：

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Code
Zipcode.objects.filter(poly__strictly_above=geom)\n
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PostGIS 等效方式：

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SQL
SELECT ... WHERE poly |>> geom\n
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\n
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strictly_belowLink to this heading#

\n

可用性: PostGIS, PGRaster (Conversion)

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测试几何字段的边界框是否严格位于查找几何的边界框下方。

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举例：

\n
Code
Zipcode.objects.filter(poly__strictly_below=geom)\n
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PostGIS 等效方式：

\n
SQL
SELECT ... WHERE poly <<| geom\n
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\n
\n
\n

距离查找Link to this heading#

\n

可用性: PostGIS, Oracle, MariaDB, MySQL, SpatiaLite, PGRaster (Native)

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有关执行距离查询的概述，请参见 距离查询介绍。

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距离查找具有以下形式：

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Text
<field>__<distance lookup>=(<geometry/raster>, <distance value>[, "spheroid"])\n<field>__<distance lookup>=(<raster>, <band_index>, <distance value>[, "spheroid"])\n<field>__<band_index>__<distance lookup>=(<raster>, <band_index>, <distance value>[, "spheroid"])\n
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传递给距离查找的值是一个元组；前两个值是必需的，分别是要计算距离的几何对象和距离值（可以是字段单位的数字、一个 Distance 对象或一个 查询表达式）。要传递一个波段索引给查找，可以使用一个包含三个元素的元组，其中第二个条目是波段索引。

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在除了 dwithin 之外的每个距离查找中，都可以包含一个可选元素 'spheroid'，以便在具有大地测量坐标系统的字段上使用更准确的大地测量距离计算函数。

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在 PostgreSQL 上，'spheroid' 选项使用 ST_DistanceSpheroid 而不是 ST_DistanceSphere。对于投影坐标系统，将使用更简单的 ST_Distance 函数。对于基于椭球体的查找，栅格将被转换为几何对象。

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\n

distance_gtLink to this heading#

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返回距离几何字段到查找几何的距离大于给定距离值的模型。

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举例：

\n
Code
Zipcode.objects.filter(poly__distance_gt=(geom, D(m=5)))\n
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\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

后端

SQL 等效方式

PostGIS

ST_Distance/ST_Distance_Sphere(poly, geom) > 5

MariaDB

ST_Distance(poly, geom) > 5

MySQL

ST_Distance(poly, geom) > 5

Oracle

SDO_GEOM.SDO_DISTANCE(poly, geom, 0.05) > 5

SpatiaLite

Distance(poly, geom) > 5

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\n
\n
\n

distance_gteLink to this heading#

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返回距离几何字段到查找几何的距离大于或等于给定距离值的模型。

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举例：

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Code
Zipcode.objects.filter(poly__distance_gte=(geom, D(m=5)))\n
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后端

SQL 等效方式

PostGIS

ST_Distance/ST_Distance_Sphere(poly, geom) >= 5

MariaDB

ST_Distance(poly, geom) >= 5

MySQL

ST_Distance(poly, geom) >= 5

Oracle

SDO_GEOM.SDO_DISTANCE(poly, geom, 0.05) >= 5

SpatiaLite

Distance(poly, geom) >= 5

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distance_ltLink to this heading#

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返回距离几何字段到查找几何的距离小于给定距离值的模型。

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举例：

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Code
Zipcode.objects.filter(poly__distance_lt=(geom, D(m=5)))\n
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\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

后端

SQL 等效方式

PostGIS

ST_Distance/ST_Distance_Sphere(poly, geom) < 5

MariaDB

ST_Distance(poly, geom) < 5

MySQL

ST_Distance(poly, geom) < 5

Oracle

SDO_GEOM.SDO_DISTANCE(poly, geom, 0.05) < 5

SpatiaLite

Distance(poly, geom) < 5

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distance_lteLink to this heading#

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返回距离几何字段到查找几何的距离小于或等于给定距离值的模型。

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举例：

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Code
Zipcode.objects.filter(poly__distance_lte=(geom, D(m=5)))\n
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\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

后端

SQL 等效方式

PostGIS

ST_Distance/ST_Distance_Sphere(poly, geom) <= 5

MariaDB

ST_Distance(poly, geom) <= 5

MySQL

ST_Distance(poly, geom) <= 5

Oracle

SDO_GEOM.SDO_DISTANCE(poly, geom, 0.05) <= 5

SpatiaLite

Distance(poly, geom) <= 5

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dwithinLink to this heading#

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返回距离几何字段到查找几何的距离在给定距离内的模型。请注意，如果目标几何对象位于投影坐标系统中，您只能提供 Distance 对象。对于地理几何对象，您应该使用几何字段的单位（例如，对于 WGS84 使用度）。

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举例：

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Code
Zipcode.objects.filter(poly__dwithin=(geom, D(m=5)))\n
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后端

SQL 等效方式

PostGIS

ST_DWithin(poly, geom, 5)

Oracle

SDO_WITHIN_DISTANCE(poly, geom, 5)

SpatiaLite

PtDistWithin(poly, geom, 5)

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聚合函数Link to this heading#

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Django 提供了一些与地理信息系统 (GIS) 相关的聚合函数。有关如何使用这些聚合函数的详细信息，请参阅 有关聚合的主题指南。

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关键字参数

描述

tolerance

这个关键字仅适用于 Oracle。它用于 SDOAGGRTYPE 过程使用的容差值；有关更多详细信息，请参阅 Oracle 文档。

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例如：

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Python console
>>> from django.contrib.gis.db.models import Extent, Union\n>>> WorldBorder.objects.aggregate(Extent("mpoly"), Union("mpoly"))\n
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CollectLink to this heading#

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\n
\nclass Collect(geo_field)Link to this definition#
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\n\n

可用性: PostGIS, SpatiaLite

\n

从几何列返回一个 GEOMETRYCOLLECTION 或 MULTI 几何对象。这类似于简化版本的 Union 聚合，但它可以比执行联合操作快几个数量级，因为它将几何对象汇总到一个集合或多重对象中，而不关心边界的消解。

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\n
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ExtentLink to this heading#

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\n
\nclass Extent(geo_field)Link to this definition#
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可用性: PostGIS, Oracle, SpatiaLite

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将 QuerySet 中所有 geo_field 的范围返回为一个由四个元素组成的元组，包括左下坐标和右上坐标。

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例如：

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Python console
>>> qs = City.objects.filter(name__in=("Houston", "Dallas")).aggregate(Extent("poly"))\n>>> print(qs["poly__extent"])\n(-96.8016128540039, 29.7633724212646, -95.3631439208984, 32.782058715820)\n
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\n

Extent3DLink to this heading#

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\n
\nclass Extent3D(geo_field)Link to this definition#
\n
\n\n

可用性: PostGIS

\n

将 QuerySet 中所有 geo_field 的三维范围返回为一个由六个元素组成的元组，包括左下坐标和右上坐标（每个坐标都包含 x、y 和 z 坐标）。

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例如：

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Python console
>>> qs = City.objects.filter(name__in=("Houston", "Dallas")).aggregate(Extent3D("poly"))\n>>> print(qs["poly__extent3d"])\n(-96.8016128540039, 29.7633724212646, 0, -95.3631439208984, 32.782058715820, 0)\n
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MakeLineLink to this heading#

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\n
\nclass MakeLine(geo_field)Link to this definition#
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\n\n

可用性: PostGIS, SpatiaLite

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从 QuerySet 中的点字段几何构造一个 LineString。目前，对查询集进行排序不会产生影响。

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例如：

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Python console
>>> qs = City.objects.filter(name__in=("Houston", "Dallas")).aggregate(MakeLine("poly"))\n>>> print(qs["poly__makeline"])\nLINESTRING (-95.3631510000000020 29.7633739999999989, -96.8016109999999941 32.7820570000000018)\n
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UnionLink to this heading#

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\n
\nclass Union(geo_field)Link to this definition#
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\n\n

可用性: PostGIS, Oracle, SpatiaLite

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这个方法返回一个包含查询集中每个几何对象联合的 GEOSGeometry 对象。请注意，使用 Union 是处理器密集型的操作，在大型查询集上可能需要较长时间。

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例如：

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Python console
>>> u = Zipcode.objects.aggregate(Union(poly))  # This may take a long time.\n>>> u = Zipcode.objects.filter(poly__within=bbox).aggregate(\n...     Union(poly)\n... )  # A more sensible approach.\n
\n

脚注

\n\n
\n
\n
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