{"title":"如何在 Windows 上安装 Django","version":"4.2","locale":"zh-hans","docname":"howto/windows","url":"/zh-hans/4.2/howto/windows/","canonical":"https://djangodocs.dev/zh-hans/4.2/howto/windows/","summary":"本文是安装在 Windows 上安装 Python 3.8 和 Django 的指南。同时也提供了关于配置虚拟环境的介绍，它们使得编写 Python 工程变的非常简单。这是为从事 Django 项目的用户提供的入门指南，而介绍为 Django 本身开发补丁时该如何安装 Django。 指南中的下列步骤已在 Windows…","html":"<h1>如何在 Windows 上安装 Django<a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#how-to-install-django-on-windows\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this heading</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></h1>\n<p>本文是安装在 Windows 上安装 Python 3.8 和 Django 的指南。同时也提供了关于配置虚拟环境的介绍，它们使得编写 Python 工程变的非常简单。这是为从事 Django 项目的用户提供的入门指南，而介绍为 Django 本身开发补丁时该如何安装 Django。</p>\n<p>指南中的下列步骤已在 Windows 10上测试通过。其它版本上，步骤类似。你需要熟悉如何使用 Windows 的命令提示符。</p>\n<section id=\"install-python\">\n<span id=\"install-python-windows\"></span><h2>安装Python<a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#install-python\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this heading</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></h2>\n<p>Django 是一个 Python Web 框架，因此需要在您的机器上安装 Python。在本文撰写时，Python 最新的版本是 3.8。</p>\n<p>要在您的机器上安装 Python，请访问Python官方下载地址 <a class=\"reference external\" href=\"https://www.python.org/downloads/\">https://www.python.org/downloads/</a> 。 该网页应该为您提供最新 Python 版本的下载按钮。 下载可执行安装程序并运行它。 选中 &quot;Install launcher for all users (recommended)&quot; 旁边的框，然后单击 &quot;Install Now&quot;。</p>\n<p>安装完成后，打开命令提示符并通过执行以下命令检查 Python 版本是否与您安装的版本匹配：</p>\n<div class=\"code-block\" data-language=\"doscon\"><div class=\"code-block-toolbar\"><span class=\"code-block-language\">Windows</span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-button\" data-copy hidden><span class=\"copy-button-label\">Copy</span></button></div><pre role=\"group\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Windows code\"><code><span class=\"gp\">...\\&gt;</span> py --version\n</code></pre></div>\n<aside class=\"admonition admonition-seealso\">\n<p class=\"admonition-title\">See also</p>\n<p>想知晓更多细节，请查看 <a class=\"reference external\" href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/using/windows.html\" title=\"(in Python v3.14)\"><span>Using Python on Windows</span></a> 文档。</p>\n</aside>\n</section>\n<section id=\"about-pip\">\n<h2>关于 <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">pip</span></code><a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#about-pip\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this heading</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></h2>\n<p><a class=\"extlink-pypi reference external\" href=\"https://pypi.org/project/pip/\">pip</a> 是 Python 的包管理器，并且默认随 Python 安装程序一起提供。它有助于从命令行安装和卸载 Python 包（例如 Django！）。在接下来的安装中，我们将使用 <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">pip</span></code> 来从命令行安装 Python 包。</p>\n</section>\n<section id=\"setting-up-a-virtual-environment\">\n<span id=\"virtualenvironment\"></span><h2>配置一个虚拟环境<a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#setting-up-a-virtual-environment\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this heading</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></h2>\n<p>最佳实践是为你创建的每一个Django项目创建一个独立的环境。在Python生态系统中有许多可以用来管理环境和包的可选工具，一些在 <a class=\"reference external\" href=\"https://packaging.python.org/guides/tool-recommendations/\">Python documentation</a> 被推荐过。我们将会在这份指南中使用Python本身自带的 <a class=\"reference external\" href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/venv.html\" title=\"(in Python v3.14)\"><span class=\"xref std std-doc\">venv</span></a>  来管理环境。</p>\n<p>要为您的项目创建虚拟环境，请打开一个新的命令提示符，导航到您希望创建项目的文件夹，然后输入以下命令：</p>\n<div class=\"code-block\" data-language=\"doscon\"><div class=\"code-block-toolbar\"><span class=\"code-block-language\">Windows</span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-button\" data-copy hidden><span class=\"copy-button-label\">Copy</span></button></div><pre role=\"group\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Windows code\"><code><span class=\"gp\">...\\&gt;</span> py -m venv project-name\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>这将在不存在时创建一个名为' project-name '的文件夹，并设置虚拟环境。要激活该环境，请运行以下命令：</p>\n<div class=\"code-block\" data-language=\"doscon\"><div class=\"code-block-toolbar\"><span class=\"code-block-language\">Windows</span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-button\" data-copy hidden><span class=\"copy-button-label\">Copy</span></button></div><pre role=\"group\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Windows code\"><code><span class=\"gp\">...\\&gt;</span> project-name\\Scripts\\activate.bat\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>虚拟环境就会激活，并且你会在命令提示符旁边看到 &quot;(project-name)&quot; 指向该环境。每次你打开新的命令行窗口，你需要再次激活环境。</p>\n</section>\n<section id=\"install-django\">\n<h2>安装 Django<a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#install-django\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this heading</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></h2>\n<p>Django 可以轻松地在你的虚拟环境中使用 <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">pip</span></code> 安装。</p>\n<p>在命令提示符中，确保您的虚拟环境处于激活状态，并执行以下命令：</p>\n<div class=\"code-block\" data-language=\"doscon\"><div class=\"code-block-toolbar\"><span class=\"code-block-language\">Windows</span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-button\" data-copy hidden><span class=\"copy-button-label\">Copy</span></button></div><pre role=\"group\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Windows code\"><code><span class=\"gp\">...\\&gt;</span> py -m pip install Django\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>这将下载并安装最新的 Django 发布版本。</p>\n<p>安装完成后，你可以在命令提示符运行 <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">django-admin</span> <span class=\"pre\">--version</span></code> 验证你安装的 Django。</p>\n<p>参考 <span class=\"xref std std-ref\">数据库安装</span> 了解如何通过 Django 安装数据库。</p>\n</section>\n<section id=\"colored-terminal-output\">\n<h2>彩色终端输出<a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#colored-terminal-output\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this heading</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></h2>\n<p>为终端添加了彩色（而不是单色）输出是一种能提升生活质量的功能。 在现代终端中，这应该适用于 CMD 和 PowerShell。如果由于某种原因需要禁用它，请将环境变量  <span class=\"target\" id=\"index-4\"></span><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.2/ref/django-admin/#envvar-DJANGO_COLORS\"><code class=\"xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">DJANGO_COLORS</span></code></a> 设为 <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">nocolor</span></code> 。</p>\n<p>在较旧的 Windows 版本或遗留终端上，必须安装 <a class=\"extlink-pypi reference external\" href=\"https://pypi.org/project/colorama/\">colorama</a> 以启用语法着色：</p>\n<div class=\"code-block\" data-language=\"doscon\"><div class=\"code-block-toolbar\"><span class=\"code-block-language\">Windows</span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-button\" data-copy hidden><span class=\"copy-button-label\">Copy</span></button></div><pre role=\"group\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Windows code\"><code><span class=\"gp\">...\\&gt;</span> py -m pip install colorama\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>有关颜色配置的更多信息，请参阅 <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.2/ref/django-admin/#syntax-coloring\"><span class=\"std std-ref\">语法着色</span></a> 。</p>\n</section>\n<section id=\"common-pitfalls\">\n<h2>常见失误<a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#common-pitfalls\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this heading</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></h2>\n<ul>\n<li><p>若 <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">django-admin</span></code> 无论输入啥参数都只显示帮助信息，这可能是一个 Windos 的文件关联问题。检查 <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">PATH</span></code> 中是否不止一个用于运行 Python 脚本的环境变量。该问题通常在安装了多个 Python 版本时出现。</p></li>\n<li><p>如果你在代理后面连接到互联网，运行命令 <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">py</span> <span class=\"pre\">-m</span> <span class=\"pre\">pip</span> <span class=\"pre\">install</span> <span class=\"pre\">Django</span></code> 可能会出现问题。可以在命令提示符中设置代理配置的环境变量，如下所示：</p>\n<div class=\"code-block\" data-language=\"doscon\"><div class=\"code-block-toolbar\"><span class=\"code-block-language\">Windows</span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-button\" data-copy hidden><span class=\"copy-button-label\">Copy</span></button></div><pre role=\"group\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Windows code\"><code><span class=\"gp\">...\\&gt;</span> <span class=\"k\">set</span> <span class=\"nv\">http_proxy</span><span class=\"p\">=</span>http://username:password@proxyserver:proxyport\n<span class=\"gp\">...\\&gt;</span> <span class=\"k\">set</span> <span class=\"nv\">https_proxy</span><span class=\"p\">=</span>https://username:password@proxyserver:proxyport\n</code></pre></div>\n</li>\n<li><p>通常，Django 假定 UTF-8 编码用于 I/O。 如果您的系统设置为使用不同的编码，这可能会导致问题。 最近版本的 Python 允许配置 <span class=\"target\" id=\"index-5\"></span><a class=\"reference external\" href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/using/cmdline.html#envvar-PYTHONUTF8\" title=\"(in Python v3.14)\"><code class=\"xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">PYTHONUTF8</span></code></a> 环境变量以强制使用“UTF-8”编码。Windows 10 还通过在系统配置中的语言配置 <span class=\"menuselection\">Language ‣ Administrative Language Settings ‣ Change system locale</span> 中选中 <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">Use</span> <span class=\"pre\">Unicode</span> <span class=\"pre\">UTF-8</span> <span class=\"pre\">for</span> <span class=\"pre\">worldwide</span> <span class=\"pre\">language</span> <span class=\"pre\">support</span></code> 来进行系统范围的配置。</p></li>\n</ul>\n</section>","rootId":"how-to-install-django-on-windows","toc":[{"title":"安装Python","anchor":"install-python","children":[]},{"title":"关于 pip","anchor":"about-pip","children":[]},{"title":"配置一个虚拟环境","anchor":"setting-up-a-virtual-environment","children":[]},{"title":"安装 Django","anchor":"install-django","children":[]},{"title":"彩色终端输出","anchor":"colored-terminal-output","children":[]},{"title":"常见失误","anchor":"common-pitfalls","children":[]}],"breadcrumbs":[{"docname":"howto/index","title":"操作指南","url":"/zh-hans/4.2/howto/"}],"prev":{"docname":"howto/static-files/deployment","title":"如何部署静态文件","url":"/zh-hans/4.2/howto/static-files/deployment/"},"next":{"docname":"howto/writing-migrations","title":"如何创建数据库迁移","url":"/zh-hans/4.2/howto/writing-migrations/"},"formats":{"html":"/zh-hans/4.2/howto/windows/","markdown":"/zh-hans/4.2/howto/windows.md","json":"/zh-hans/4.2/howto/windows.json"},"source":"https://github.com/django/django/blob/stable/4.2.x/docs/howto/windows.txt","official":"https://docs.djangoproject.com/zh-hans/4.2/howto/windows/","inVersions":["6.1","6.0","5.2","5.1","5.0","4.2","4.1","4.0","3.2","3.1","3.0","2.2","2.1","2.0"],"inLocales":["en","zh-hans","fr","ja","id","it","pt-br","ko","es","el","pl"]}