{"title":"Django 文档内容","version":"4.0","locale":"zh-hans","docname":"contents","url":"/zh-hans/4.0/contents/","canonical":"https://djangodocs.dev/zh-hans/4.0/contents/","summary":"开始 初识 Django 设计模型 应用数据模型 享用便捷的 API 一个动态管理接口：并非徒有其表 规划 URLs 编写视图 设计模板 这仅是基本入门知识 快速安装指南 安装 Python 设置数据库 安装 Django 验证 搞定！ 编写你的第一个 Django 应用，第 1 部分 创建项目 用于开发的简易服务器…","html":"<h1>Django 文档内容<a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#django-documentation-contents\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this heading</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></h1>\n<div class=\"toctree-wrapper compound\">\n</div>\n<div class=\"toctree-wrapper compound\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l1\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/\">开始</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/overview/\">初识 Django</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/overview/#design-your-model\">设计模型</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/overview/#install-it\">应用数据模型</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/overview/#enjoy-the-free-api\">享用便捷的 API</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/overview/#a-dynamic-admin-interface-it-s-not-just-scaffolding-it-s-the-whole-house\">一个动态管理接口：并非徒有其表</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/overview/#design-your-urls\">规划 URLs</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/overview/#write-your-views\">编写视图</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/overview/#design-your-templates\">设计模板</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/overview/#this-is-just-the-surface\">这仅是基本入门知识</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/install/\">快速安装指南</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/install/#install-python\">安装 Python</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/install/#set-up-a-database\">设置数据库</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/install/#install-django\">安装 Django</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/install/#verifying\">验证</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/install/#that-s-it\">搞定！</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/tutorial01/\">编写你的第一个 Django 应用，第 1 部分</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/tutorial01/#creating-a-project\">创建项目</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/tutorial01/#the-development-server\">用于开发的简易服务器</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/tutorial01/#creating-the-polls-app\">创建投票应用</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/tutorial01/#write-your-first-view\">编写第一个视图</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/tutorial02/\">编写你的第一个 Django 应用，第 2 部分</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/tutorial02/#database-setup\">数据库配置</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/tutorial02/#creating-models\">创建模型</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/tutorial02/#activating-models\">激活模型</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/tutorial02/#playing-with-the-api\">初试 API</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/tutorial02/#introducing-the-django-admin\">介绍 Django 管理页面</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/tutorial03/\">编写你的第一个 Django 应用，第 3 部分</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/tutorial03/#overview\">概况</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/tutorial03/#writing-more-views\">编写更多视图</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/tutorial03/#write-views-that-actually-do-something\">写一个真正有用的视图</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/tutorial03/#raising-a-404-error\">抛出 404 错误</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/tutorial03/#use-the-template-system\">使用模板系统</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/tutorial03/#removing-hardcoded-urls-in-templates\">去除模板中的硬编码 URL</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/tutorial03/#namespacing-url-names\">为 URL 名称添加命名空间</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/tutorial04/\">编写你的第一个 Django 应用，第 4 部分</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/tutorial04/#write-a-minimal-form\">编写一个简单的表单</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/tutorial04/#use-generic-views-less-code-is-better\">使用通用视图：代码还是少点好</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/tutorial05/\">编写你的第一个 Django 应用，第 5 部分</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/tutorial05/#introducing-automated-testing\">自动化测试简介</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/tutorial05/#basic-testing-strategies\">基础测试策略</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/tutorial05/#writing-our-first-test\">开始写我们的第一个测试</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/tutorial05/#test-a-view\">测试视图</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/tutorial05/#when-testing-more-is-better\">当需要测试的时候，测试用例越多越好</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/tutorial05/#further-testing\">深入代码测试</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/tutorial05/#what-s-next\">接下来要做什么？</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/tutorial06/\">编写你的第一个 Django 应用，第 6 部分</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/tutorial06/#customize-your-app-s-look-and-feel\">自定义 <em>应用</em> 的界面和风格</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/tutorial06/#adding-a-background-image\">添加一个背景图</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/tutorial07/\">编写你的第一个 Django 应用，第 7 部分</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/tutorial07/#customize-the-admin-form\">自定义后台表单</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/tutorial07/#adding-related-objects\">添加关联的对象</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/tutorial07/#customize-the-admin-change-list\">自定义后台更改列表</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/tutorial07/#customize-the-admin-look-and-feel\">自定义后台界面和风格</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/tutorial07/#customize-the-admin-index-page\">自定义后台主页</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/tutorial07/#what-s-next\">接下来要做什么？</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/reusable-apps/\">进阶指南：如何编写可重用程序</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/reusable-apps/#reusability-matters\">可重用性很重要</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/reusable-apps/#your-project-and-your-reusable-app\">你的项目和可复用应用</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/reusable-apps/#installing-some-prerequisites\">安装必须环境</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/reusable-apps/#packaging-your-app\">打包你的应用</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/reusable-apps/#using-your-own-package\">使用你自己的包名</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/reusable-apps/#publishing-your-app\">发布你的应用</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/reusable-apps/#installing-python-packages-with-a-virtual-environment\">通过虚拟环境安装 Python 包</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/whatsnext/\">下一步看什么</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/whatsnext/#finding-documentation\">查找文档</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/whatsnext/#how-the-documentation-is-organized\">文档是如何组成</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/whatsnext/#how-documentation-is-updated\">这个文档是如何更新的</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/whatsnext/#where-to-get-it\">从哪里获取这个</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/whatsnext/#differences-between-versions\">版本之间的差异</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/contributing/\">编写你的第一个 Django 补丁</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/contributing/#introduction\">介绍</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/contributing/#code-of-conduct\">代码规范</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/contributing/#installing-git\">安装 Git</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/contributing/#getting-a-copy-of-django-s-development-version\">获得一个 Django 开发版本的副本</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/contributing/#running-django-s-test-suite-for-the-first-time\">首先运行 Django 的测试套件</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/contributing/#working-on-a-feature\">尝试搞定一项新功能</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/contributing/#creating-a-branch-for-your-patch\">为你的补丁创建一个分支</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/contributing/#writing-some-tests-for-your-ticket\">为你的工单写一些测试用例</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/contributing/#writing-the-code-for-your-ticket\">为你的工单编写代码</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/contributing/#running-django-s-test-suite-for-the-second-time\">第二次运行 Django 测试套件</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/contributing/#writing-documentation\">书写文档</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/contributing/#previewing-your-changes\">预览你的修改</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/contributing/#committing-the-changes-in-the-patch\">提交补丁中的修改</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/contributing/#pushing-the-commit-and-making-a-pull-request\">推送这次提交并生成一个 pull 请求</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/intro/contributing/#next-steps\">下一步</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l1\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/\">使用 Django</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/install/\">如何安装 Django</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/install/#install-python\">安装 Python</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/install/#install-apache-and-mod-wsgi\">安装 Apache 和 <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">mod_wsgi</span></code></a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/install/#get-your-database-running\">运行你的数据库</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/install/#install-the-django-code\">安装 Django 源码</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/db/\">模型和数据库</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/db/models/\">模型</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/db/queries/\">执行查询</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/db/aggregation/\">聚合</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/db/search/\">搜索</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/db/managers/\">管理器</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/db/sql/\">执行原生 SQL 查询</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/db/transactions/\">数据库事务</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/db/multi-db/\">多数据库</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/db/tablespaces/\">表空间（Tablespaces）</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/db/optimization/\">数据库访问优化</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/db/instrumentation/\">数据库工具</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/db/examples/\">模型关联 API 用法示例</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/http/\">处理 HTTP 请求</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/http/urls/\">URL调度器</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/http/views/\">编写视图</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/http/decorators/\">视图装饰器</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/http/file-uploads/\">文件上传</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/http/shortcuts/\">Django 便捷函数</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/http/generic-views/\">通用视图</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/http/middleware/\">中间件</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/http/sessions/\">如何使用会话</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/forms/\">使用表单</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/forms/#html-forms\">HTML表单</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/forms/#django-s-role-in-forms\">Django在表单中的角色</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/forms/#forms-in-django\">Django 中的表单</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/forms/#building-a-form\">构建一张表单</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/forms/#more-about-django-form-classes\">详解Django <code class=\"xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">Form</span></code> 类</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/forms/#working-with-form-templates\">使用表单模板</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/forms/#further-topics\">更多相关主题</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/templates/\">模板</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/templates/#the-django-template-language\">Django 模板语言</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/templates/#support-for-template-engines\">模板引擎的支持</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/class-based-views/\">基于类的视图</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/class-based-views/intro/\">基于类的视图</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/class-based-views/generic-display/\">内置的基于类的通用视图</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/class-based-views/generic-editing/\">使用基于类的视图处理表单</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/class-based-views/mixins/\">在基于类的视图中使用混入</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/class-based-views/#basic-examples\">基础示例</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/class-based-views/#usage-in-your-urlconf\">在 URLconf 中的用法</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/class-based-views/#subclassing-generic-views\">子类化通用视图</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/migrations/\">迁移</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/migrations/#the-commands\">命令</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/migrations/#backend-support\">后端支持</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/migrations/#workflow\">工作流程</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/migrations/#transactions\">事务</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/migrations/#dependencies\">依赖</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/migrations/#migration-files\">迁移文件</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/migrations/#adding-migrations-to-apps\">向应用添加迁移</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/migrations/#reversing-migrations\">撤销迁移</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/migrations/#historical-models\">历史模型</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/migrations/#considerations-when-removing-model-fields\">删除模型字段时的注意事项</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/migrations/#data-migrations\">数据迁移</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/migrations/#squashing-migrations\">压缩迁移</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/migrations/#serializing-values\">序列化值</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/migrations/#supporting-multiple-django-versions\">支持多个 Django 版本</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/files/\">管理文件</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/files/#using-files-in-models\">在模型中使用文件</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/files/#the-file-object\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">File</span></code> 对象</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/files/#file-storage\">文件存储</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/testing/\">Django 中的测试</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/testing/overview/\">编写并运行测试</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/testing/tools/\">测试工具</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/testing/advanced/\">进阶测试主题</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/auth/\">Django中的用户认证</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/auth/#overview\">概况</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/auth/#installation\">安装</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/auth/#usage\">用法</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/cache/\">Django 缓存框架</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/cache/#setting-up-the-cache\">设置缓存</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/cache/#the-per-site-cache\">站点缓存</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/cache/#the-per-view-cache\">视图缓存</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/cache/#template-fragment-caching\">模板片段缓存</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/cache/#the-low-level-cache-api\">底层缓存 API</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/cache/#asynchronous-support\">异步支持</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/cache/#downstream-caches\">下游缓存</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/cache/#using-vary-headers\">使用 <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">Vary</span></code> 标头</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/cache/#controlling-cache-using-other-headers\">使用其他标头控制高速缓存</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/cache/#order-of-middleware\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">MIDDLEWARE</span></code> 顺序</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/conditional-view-processing/\">条件视图处理</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/conditional-view-processing/#the-condition-decorator\">条件装饰器</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/conditional-view-processing/#shortcuts-for-only-computing-one-value\">仅用于计算一个值的快捷方式</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/conditional-view-processing/#using-the-decorators-with-other-http-methods\">将装饰器和其他 HTTP 方法一起使用</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/conditional-view-processing/#comparison-with-middleware-conditional-processing\">对比中间件的条件处理</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/signing/\">加密签名</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/signing/#protecting-the-secret-key\">保护 <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">SECRET_KEY</span></code></a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/signing/#using-the-low-level-api\">使用低级 API</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/email/\">发送邮件</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/email/#quick-example\">快速上手</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/email/#send-mail\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">send_mail()</span></code></a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/email/#send-mass-mail\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">send_mass_mail()</span></code></a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/email/#mail-admins\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">mail_admins()</span></code></a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/email/#mail-managers\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">mail_managers()</span></code></a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/email/#examples\">示例</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/email/#preventing-header-injection\">防止头注入</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/email/#the-emailmessage-class\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">EmailMessage</span></code> 类</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/email/#email-backends\">邮件后端</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/email/#configuring-email-for-development\">为了开发配置邮件</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/i18n/\">国际化和本地化</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/i18n/#overview\">概况</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/i18n/#definitions\">定义</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/logging/\">日志</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/logging/#overview\">概况</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/logging/#security-implications\">Security implications</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/logging/#configuring-logging\">日志模块的配置</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/pagination/\">分页</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/pagination/#the-paginator-class\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">Paginator</span></code> 类</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/pagination/#example\">例如</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/pagination/#paginating-a-listview\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">ListView</span></code> 分页</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/pagination/#using-paginator-in-a-view-function\">在视图函数中使用 <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">Paginator</span></code></a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/security/\">Django 的安全性</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/security/#cross-site-scripting-xss-protection\">防御跨站脚本攻击（XSS）</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/security/#cross-site-request-forgery-csrf-protection\">防御跨站点请求伪造（CSRF）</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/security/#sql-injection-protection\">防御 SQL 注入</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/security/#clickjacking-protection\">防御访问劫持</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/security/#ssl-https\">SSL/HTTPS</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/security/#host-header-validation\">Host 头部验证</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/security/#referrer-policy\">Referrer 策略</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/security/#cross-origin-opener-policy\">跨源弹出式窗口策略</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/security/#session-security\">会话安全</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/security/#user-uploaded-content\">用户上传内容</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/security/#additional-security-topics\">其他安全性相关主题</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/performance/\">性能和优化</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/performance/#introduction\">介绍</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/performance/#general-approaches\">一般方法</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/performance/#caching\">缓存</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/performance/#understanding-laziness\">理解惰性</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/performance/#databases\">数据库</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/performance/#http-performance\">HTTP 性能</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/performance/#template-performance\">模板性能</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/performance/#using-different-versions-of-available-software\">使用现有软件的不同版本</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/serialization/\">序列化 Django 对象</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/serialization/#serializing-data\">序列化数据</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/serialization/#deserializing-data\">反序列化数据</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/serialization/#serialization-formats\">序列化格式</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/serialization/#natural-keys\">自然键</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/settings/\">Django 配置</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/settings/#the-basics\">基础</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/settings/#designating-the-settings\">指定配置文件</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/settings/#default-settings\">默认配置</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/settings/#using-settings-in-python-code\">在 Python 代码中使用 settings</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/settings/#altering-settings-at-runtime\">运行时更改设置</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/settings/#security\">安全</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/settings/#available-settings\">可用的配置项</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/settings/#creating-your-own-settings\">创建你自己的配置文件</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/settings/#using-settings-without-setting-django-settings-module\">不设置 <code class=\"xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE</span></code> 时使用配置</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/signals/\">信号</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/signals/#listening-to-signals\">监听信号</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/signals/#defining-and-sending-signals\">定义和发送信号</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/signals/#disconnecting-signals\">断开信号</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/checks/\">系统检查框架</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/checks/#writing-your-own-checks\">编写自定义的检查</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/external-packages/\">扩展包</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/external-packages/#localflavor\">Localflavor</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/external-packages/#comments\">Comments</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/external-packages/#formtools\">Formtools</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/async/\">异步支持</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/async/#async-views\">异步视图</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/async/#async-safety\">异步安全</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/topics/async/#async-adapter-functions\">异步适配函数</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l1\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/\">操作指南</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/auth-remote-user/\">使用 <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">REMOTE_USER</span></code> 进行身份验证</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/auth-remote-user/#configuration\">配置</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/auth-remote-user/#using-remote-user-on-login-pages-only\">仅在登录界面使用 <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">REMOTE_USER</span></code></a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/custom-management-commands/\">编写自定义 <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">django-admin</span></code> 命令</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/custom-management-commands/#accepting-optional-arguments\">接受可选参数</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/custom-management-commands/#management-commands-and-locales\">管理命令和本地化</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/custom-management-commands/#testing\">测试</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/custom-management-commands/#overriding-commands\">覆盖命令</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/custom-management-commands/#command-objects\">命令对象</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/custom-model-fields/\">编写自定义模型字段</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/custom-model-fields/#introduction\">介绍</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/custom-model-fields/#background-theory\">背后的理论</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/custom-model-fields/#writing-a-field-subclass\">编写一个 field 子类</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/custom-model-fields/#writing-a-filefield-subclass\">编写一个 <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">FileField</span></code> 子类</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/custom-lookups/\">如何编写自定义的查询器</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/custom-lookups/#a-lookup-example\">一个查询器示例。</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/custom-lookups/#a-transformer-example\">一个转换器示例。</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/custom-lookups/#writing-an-efficient-abs-lt-lookup\">编写一个高效的 <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">abs__lt</span></code> 查找</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/custom-lookups/#a-bilateral-transformer-example\">一个双向转换器示例</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/custom-lookups/#writing-alternative-implementations-for-existing-lookups\">为现有的查找编写代替实现</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/custom-lookups/#how-django-determines-the-lookups-and-transforms-which-are-used\">Django 是如何取舍查询器和转换器的</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/custom-template-backend/\">如何编写一个自定义的模板后端</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/custom-template-backend/#custom-backends\">自定义后端</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/custom-template-backend/#debug-integration-for-custom-engines\">为自定义引擎集成调试功能</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/custom-template-tags/\">如何编写自定义的模板标签和过滤器</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/custom-template-tags/#code-layout\">代码布局</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/custom-template-tags/#writing-custom-template-filters\">编写自定义的模板过滤器</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/custom-template-tags/#writing-custom-template-tags\">编写自定义模板标签</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/custom-file-storage/\">如何编写一个自定义的文件存储类</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/deployment/\">如何部署 Django</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/deployment/wsgi/\">如何使用 WSGI 进行部署</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/deployment/asgi/\">如何使用 ASGI 来部署</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/deployment/checklist/\">部署清单</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/upgrade-version/\">How to upgrade Django to a newer version</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/upgrade-version/#required-reading\">必读内容</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/upgrade-version/#dependencies\">依赖</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/upgrade-version/#resolving-deprecation-warnings\">处理过期警告</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/upgrade-version/#installation\">安装</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/upgrade-version/#testing\">测试</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/upgrade-version/#deployment\">部署</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/error-reporting/\">如何管理错误报告</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/error-reporting/#email-reports\">通过邮件方式报告</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/error-reporting/#filtering-error-reports\">过滤错误报告</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/initial-data/\">如何为模型提供初始数据</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/initial-data/#providing-initial-data-with-migrations\">通过迁移提供初始数据</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/initial-data/#providing-data-with-fixtures\">通过固定内容提供数据</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/legacy-databases/\">How to integrate Django with a legacy database</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/legacy-databases/#give-django-your-database-parameters\">将数据库参数告诉 Django</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/legacy-databases/#auto-generate-the-models\">自动生成这些模型</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/legacy-databases/#install-the-core-django-tables\">安装核心 Django 表</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/legacy-databases/#test-and-tweak\">测试和调整</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/logging/\">如何配置和使用日志</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/logging/#make-a-basic-logging-call\">Make a basic logging call</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/logging/#customize-logging-configuration\">Customize logging configuration</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/outputting-csv/\">How to create CSV output</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/outputting-csv/#using-the-python-csv-library\">使用 Python 的 CSV 库</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/outputting-csv/#using-the-template-system\">使用模板系统</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/outputting-csv/#other-text-based-formats\">其它文本格式</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/outputting-pdf/\">How to create PDF files</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/outputting-pdf/#install-reportlab\">安装 ReportLab</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/outputting-pdf/#write-your-view\">编写视图</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/outputting-pdf/#other-formats\">其它格式</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/overriding-templates/\">How to override templates</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/overriding-templates/#overriding-from-the-project-s-templates-directory\">重写来自工程目录的模板</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/overriding-templates/#overriding-from-an-app-s-template-directory\">重写来自应用模板目录的模板</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/overriding-templates/#extending-an-overridden-template\">扩展复写模板</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/static-files/\">How to manage static files (e.g. images, JavaScript, CSS)</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/static-files/#configuring-static-files\">配置静态文件</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/static-files/#serving-static-files-during-development\">开发时提供静态文件服务</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/static-files/#serving-files-uploaded-by-a-user-during-development\">开发期间保存用户上传的文件</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/static-files/#testing\">测试</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/static-files/#deployment\">部署</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/static-files/#learn-more\">了解更多</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/static-files/deployment/\">如何部署静态文件</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/static-files/deployment/#serving-static-files-in-production\">在生产环境提供静态文件服务</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/static-files/deployment/#learn-more\">了解更多</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/windows/\">如何在 Windows 上安装 Django</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/windows/#install-python\">安装Python</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/windows/#about-pip\">关于 <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">pip</span></code></a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/windows/#setting-up-a-virtual-environment\">配置一个虚拟环境</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/windows/#install-django\">安装 Django</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/windows/#colored-terminal-output\">彩色终端输出</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/windows/#common-pitfalls\">常见失误</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/writing-migrations/\">How to create database migrations</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/writing-migrations/#data-migrations-and-multiple-databases\">数据迁移和多种数据库</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/writing-migrations/#migrations-that-add-unique-fields\">添加独一无二字段的迁移</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/writing-migrations/#controlling-the-order-of-migrations\">控制迁移顺序</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/writing-migrations/#migrating-data-between-third-party-apps\">在第三方应用程序中迁移数据</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/writing-migrations/#changing-a-manytomanyfield-to-use-a-through-model\">通过使用 <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">through</span></code> 模型来更改 <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">ManyToManyField</span></code> 字段。</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/howto/writing-migrations/#changing-an-unmanaged-model-to-managed\">将非托管模型变为托管的</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l1\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/faq/\">Django FAQ</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/faq/general/\">FAQ：概述</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/faq/general/#why-does-this-project-exist\">这个项目因何存在。</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/faq/general/#what-does-django-mean-and-how-do-you-pronounce-it\">“Django”是什么意思，怎么发音？</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/faq/general/#is-django-stable\">Django 稳定吗?</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/faq/general/#does-django-scale\">Django 可扩展吗?</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/faq/general/#who-s-behind-this\">谁在这背后？</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/faq/general/#how-is-django-licensed\">Django 是如何授权的？</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/faq/general/#why-does-django-include-python-s-license-file\">为什么 Django 包含 Python 的协议文件？</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/faq/general/#which-sites-use-django\">哪些站点使用 Django?</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/faq/general/#django-appears-to-be-a-mvc-framework-but-you-call-the-controller-the-view-and-the-view-the-template-how-come-you-don-t-use-the-standard-names\">Django 似乎是一个 MVC 框架，但是您将控制器称为“视图”，并视图称为“模板”。 为什么不使用标准命名？</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/faq/general/#framework-x-does-feature-y-why-doesn-t-django\">&lt;Framework X&gt;可以做到&lt;feature Y&gt;--为什么 Django 不能呢？</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/faq/general/#why-did-you-write-all-of-django-from-scratch-instead-of-using-other-python-libraries\">为什么你要从头开始写所有的 Django 项目，而不是使用其他 Python 库？</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/faq/general/#is-django-a-content-management-system-cms\">Django 是个内容管理系统(CMS)吗?</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/faq/general/#how-can-i-download-the-django-documentation-to-read-it-offline\">我如何下载 Django 文档进行离线阅读？</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/faq/general/#how-do-i-cite-django\">如何引用 Django？</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/faq/install/\">FAQ：安装</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/faq/install/#how-do-i-get-started\">如何开始？</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/faq/install/#what-are-django-s-prerequisites\">使用 Django，需要做好什么准备？</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/faq/install/#what-python-version-can-i-use-with-django\">我应该使用哪个版本的 Python 来配合 Django?</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/faq/install/#what-python-version-should-i-use-with-django\">我应该选用什么版本的 Python 来使用 Django ？</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/faq/install/#should-i-use-the-stable-version-or-development-version\">我应该使用稳定版本还是开发版本？</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/faq/usage/\">FAQ: 使用Django</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/faq/usage/#why-do-i-get-an-error-about-importing-django-settings-module\">为什么我在导入 <code class=\"xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE</span></code> 时收到错误提示？</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/faq/usage/#i-can-t-stand-your-template-language-do-i-have-to-use-it\">我不喜欢 Django 的模板语言，能不能不使用它？</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/faq/usage/#do-i-have-to-use-your-model-database-layer\">我是否必须使用你的模型/数据库层？</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/faq/usage/#how-do-i-use-image-and-file-fields\">我要怎么使用图片和文件字段？</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/faq/usage/#how-do-i-make-a-variable-available-to-all-my-templates\">我如何让一个变量可用于我的所有模板之中？</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/faq/help/\">FAQ：获取帮助</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/faq/help/#how-do-i-do-x-why-doesn-t-y-work-where-can-i-go-to-get-help\">我该如何做 X？Y为什么不工作？我可以去哪里寻求帮助？</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/faq/help/#why-hasn-t-my-message-appeared-on-django-users\">为什么我的信息没有出现在 <em>django-users</em> 上面呢？</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/faq/help/#nobody-answered-my-question-what-should-i-do\">没有人回答我的问题！我应该怎么办呢？</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/faq/help/#i-think-i-ve-found-a-bug-what-should-i-do\">我认为我找到了个 bug！我应该做什么呢？</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/faq/help/#i-think-i-ve-found-a-security-problem-what-should-i-do\">我认为我已经发现了个安全问题！我应该做什么？</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/faq/models/\">FAQ：数据库和模型</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/faq/models/#how-can-i-see-the-raw-sql-queries-django-is-running\">我该如何在Django运行的过程中看到SQL查询？</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/faq/models/#can-i-use-django-with-a-pre-existing-database\">我可以让 Django 用一个之前已经存在的数据库吗？</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/faq/models/#if-i-make-changes-to-a-model-how-do-i-update-the-database\">如果我对一个模型做了改动，我该如何去更新数据库？</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/faq/models/#do-django-models-support-multiple-column-primary-keys\">Django 支持多列主键吗？</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/faq/models/#does-django-support-nosql-databases\">Django 支持 NoSQL 数据库吗？</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/faq/models/#how-do-i-add-database-specific-options-to-my-create-table-statements-such-as-specifying-myisam-as-the-table-type\">如何将特定于数据库的选项添加到我的 CREATE TABLE 语句中，例如将 MylSAM 指定为表类型？</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/faq/admin/\">FAQ：管理</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/faq/admin/#i-can-t-log-in-when-i-enter-a-valid-username-and-password-it-just-brings-up-the-login-page-again-with-no-error-messages\">无法登录。当我输入有效的用户名和密码后，页面再跳转到登录页面，没有显示任何错误信息。</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/faq/admin/#i-can-t-log-in-when-i-enter-a-valid-username-and-password-it-brings-up-the-login-page-again-with-a-please-enter-a-correct-username-and-password-error\">我无法登陆。当我输入有效的用户名和密码后，它又跳转到了登录界面，并且显示一个“请输入正确的用户名和密码”的错误。</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/faq/admin/#how-do-i-automatically-set-a-field-s-value-to-the-user-who-last-edited-the-object-in-the-admin\">在管理面板中，如何将字段的值自动设置为最后编辑它的用户？</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/faq/admin/#how-do-i-limit-admin-access-so-that-objects-can-only-be-edited-by-the-users-who-created-them\">我们如何设定管理权限，以便对象只能由创建它们的用户进行编辑？</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/faq/admin/#my-admin-site-css-and-images-showed-up-fine-using-the-development-server-but-they-re-not-displaying-when-using-mod-wsgi\">管理界面的 CSS 和图片在开发模式下正常加载，但是在使用 mod_wsgi 进行部署的情况下却无法进行加载？</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/faq/admin/#my-list-filter-contains-a-manytomanyfield-but-the-filter-doesn-t-display\">我的“list_filter”包含一个 ManyToManyField (多对多字段)，但过滤器不显示</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/faq/admin/#some-objects-aren-t-appearing-in-the-admin\">有些对象没有在管理中出现。</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/faq/admin/#how-can-i-customize-the-functionality-of-the-admin-interface\">如何个性化管理员后台接口的功能？</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/faq/admin/#the-dynamically-generated-admin-site-is-ugly-how-can-i-change-it\">动态生成的管理页面太丑了。我该怎么换掉它？</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/faq/admin/#what-browsers-are-supported-for-using-the-admin\">Admin 适配了哪些浏览器？</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/faq/contributing/\">FAQ：贡献代码</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/faq/contributing/#how-can-i-get-started-contributing-code-to-django\">如何为 Django 贡献代码?</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/faq/contributing/#i-submitted-a-bug-fix-in-the-ticket-system-several-weeks-ago-why-are-you-ignoring-my-patch\">我几周之前提交了一个工单系统 bug 的修复。为什么忽略我的提议？</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/faq/contributing/#when-and-how-might-i-remind-the-team-of-a-patch-i-care-about\">何时以及如何提醒团队我所关注的补丁？</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/faq/contributing/#but-i-ve-reminded-you-several-times-and-you-keep-ignoring-my-patch\">但是我已经提醒你好几遍了，你依然继续忽略我的补丁！</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/faq/contributing/#i-m-sure-my-ticket-is-absolutely-100-perfect-can-i-mark-it-as-ready-for-checkin-myself\">我肯定我的工单百分之100绝对完成了，那么就能说我把这个工单认定为 ”通过批准&quot; 了吗？</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/faq/troubleshooting/\">错误调试</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/faq/troubleshooting/#problems-running-django-admin\">运行 <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">django-admin</span></code> 时遇到的问题</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/faq/troubleshooting/#miscellaneous\">杂项</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l1\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/\">API 参考</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/applications/\">应用程序</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/applications/#projects-and-applications\">项目和应用程序</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/applications/#configuring-applications\">配置应用程序</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/applications/#application-configuration\">应用程序配置</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/applications/#application-registry\">应用程序注册表</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/applications/#initialization-process\">初始化进程</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/checks/\">系统检查框架</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/checks/#api-reference\">API 参考</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/checks/#builtin-tags\">内置标签</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/checks/#core-system-checks\">核心系统检查</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/checks/#contrib-app-checks\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">contrib</span></code> 应用检查</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/class-based-views/\">内置基于类的视图 API</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/class-based-views/base/\">基础视图</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/class-based-views/generic-display/\">通用显示视图</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/class-based-views/generic-editing/\">通用编辑视图</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/class-based-views/generic-date-based/\">通用日期视图</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/class-based-views/mixins/\">基于类的视图混入</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/class-based-views/flattened-index/\">基于类的通用视图——扁平化索引</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/class-based-views/#specification\">规范</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/class-based-views/#base-vs-generic-views\">基础 vs 通用视图</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/clickjacking/\">点击劫持保护</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/clickjacking/#an-example-of-clickjacking\">点击劫持的一个例子</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/clickjacking/#preventing-clickjacking\">防止点击劫持</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/clickjacking/#how-to-use-it\">如何使用它</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/clickjacking/#limitations\">限制</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/contrib/\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">contrib</span></code> 包</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/contrib/admin/\">Django 管理站点</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/contrib/auth/\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">django.contrib.auth</span></code></a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/contrib/contenttypes/\">内容类型框架</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/contrib/flatpages/\">简单页面应用</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/contrib/gis/\">GeoDjango</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/contrib/humanize/\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">django.contrib.humanize</span></code></a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/contrib/messages/\">消息框架</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/contrib/postgres/\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">django.contrib.postgres</span></code></a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/contrib/redirects/\">重定向应用</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/contrib/sitemaps/\">站点地图框架</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/contrib/sites/\">“站点”框架</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/contrib/staticfiles/\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">staticfiles</span></code> 应用</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/contrib/syndication/\">Feed 聚合框架</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/contrib/#admin\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">admin</span></code></a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/contrib/#auth\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">auth</span></code></a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/contrib/#contenttypes\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">contenttypes</span></code></a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/contrib/#flatpages\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">flatpages</span></code></a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/contrib/#gis\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">gis</span></code></a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/contrib/#humanize\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">humanize</span></code></a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/contrib/#messages\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">messages</span></code></a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/contrib/#postgres\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">postgres</span></code></a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/contrib/#redirects\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">redirects</span></code></a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/contrib/#sessions\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">sessions</span></code></a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/contrib/#sites\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">sites</span></code></a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/contrib/#sitemaps\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">sitemaps</span></code></a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/contrib/#syndication\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">syndication</span></code></a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/contrib/#other-add-ons\">其他附加功能</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/csrf/\">跨站请求伪造保护</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/csrf/#how-to-use-it\">如何使用它</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/csrf/#rejected-requests\">被拒绝的请求</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/csrf/#how-it-works\">工作方式</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/csrf/#caching\">缓存</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/csrf/#testing\">测试中</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/csrf/#limitations\">限制</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/csrf/#edge-cases\">边缘案例</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/csrf/#contrib-and-reusable-apps\">Contrib 和可重用的应用</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/csrf/#settings\">配置</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/csrf/#frequently-asked-questions\">常问问题</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/databases/\">数据库</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/databases/#general-notes\">通用注意事项</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/databases/#postgresql-notes\">PostgreSQL 注意事项</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/databases/#mariadb-notes\">MariaDB 注意事项</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/databases/#mysql-notes\">MySQL 注意事项</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/databases/#sqlite-notes\">SQLite 注意事项</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/databases/#oracle-notes\">Oracle 注意事项</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/databases/#subclassing-the-built-in-database-backends\">子类化内置数据库后端</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/databases/#using-a-3rd-party-database-backend\">使用第三方数据库后端</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/django-admin/\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">django-admin</span></code> 和 <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">manage.py</span></code></a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/django-admin/#usage\">用法</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/django-admin/#available-commands\">可用命令</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/django-admin/#commands-provided-by-applications\">应用程序提供的命令</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/django-admin/#default-options\">默认选项</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/django-admin/#extra-niceties\">额外的细节</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/django-admin/#running-management-commands-from-your-code\">从你的代码中运行管理命令</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/django-admin/#output-redirection\">输出重定向</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/exceptions/\">Django 异常</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/exceptions/#module-django.core.exceptions\">Django 核心异常</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/exceptions/#url-resolver-exceptions\">URL 解析器异常</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/exceptions/#database-exceptions\">数据库异常</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/exceptions/#http-exceptions\">HTTP 异常</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/exceptions/#sessions-exceptions\">会话异常</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/exceptions/#transaction-exceptions\">事务异常</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/exceptions/#testing-framework-exceptions\">测试框架异常</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/exceptions/#python-exceptions\">Python 异常</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/files/\">文件处理</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/files/file/\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">File</span></code> 对象</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/files/storage/\">文件存储 API</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/files/uploads/\">上传的文件和上传处理程序</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/forms/\">表单</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/forms/api/\">表单 API</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/forms/fields/\">表单字段</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/forms/models/\">模型表单函数</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/forms/formsets/\">表单集函数</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/forms/renderers/\">表单渲染 API</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/forms/widgets/\">部件</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/forms/validation/\">表单和字段验证</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/logging/\">日志</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/logging/#django-s-default-logging-configuration\">Django 的默认日志配置</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/logging/#django-logging-extensions\">Django logging extensions</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/middleware/\">中间件</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/middleware/#available-middleware\">可用的中间件</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/middleware/#middleware-ordering\">中间件顺序</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/migration-operations/\">迁移操作</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/migration-operations/#schema-operations\">架构操作</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/migration-operations/#special-operations\">特殊操作</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/migration-operations/#writing-your-own\">自己写</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/models/\">模型</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/models/fields/\">模型字段参考</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/models/fields/#field-attribute-reference\">字段属性参考</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/models/indexes/\">模型索引参考</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/models/constraints/\">约束参考</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/models/meta/\">模型 <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">_meta</span></code> API</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/models/relations/\">关联对象参考</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/models/class/\">模型类参考</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/models/options/\">模型 <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">Meta</span></code> 选项</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/models/instances/\">模型实例参考</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/models/querysets/\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">QuerySet</span></code> API 参考</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/models/lookups/\">查找 API 参考</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/models/expressions/\">查询表达式</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/models/conditional-expressions/\">条件表达式</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/models/database-functions/\">数据库函数</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/paginator/\">分页器</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/paginator/#paginator-class\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">Paginator</span></code> 类</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/paginator/#page-class\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">Page</span></code> 类</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/paginator/#exceptions\">异常</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/request-response/\">请求和响应对象</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/request-response/#quick-overview\">快速概述</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/request-response/#httprequest-objects\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">HttpRequest</span></code> 对象</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/request-response/#querydict-objects\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">QueryDict</span></code> 对象</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/request-response/#httpresponse-objects\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">HttpResponse</span></code> 对象</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/request-response/#jsonresponse-objects\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">JsonResponse</span></code> 对象</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/request-response/#streaminghttpresponse-objects\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">StreamingHttpResponse</span></code> 对象</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/request-response/#fileresponse-objects\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">FileResponse</span></code> 对象</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/schema-editor/\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">SchemaEditor</span></code></a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/schema-editor/#methods\">方法</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/schema-editor/#attributes\">属性</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/settings/\">配置</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/settings/#core-settings\">核心配置</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/settings/#auth\">认证</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/settings/#messages\">消息</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/settings/#sessions\">会话</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/settings/#sites\">站点</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/settings/#static-files\">静态文件</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/settings/#core-settings-topical-index\">核心配置专题索引</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/signals/\">信号</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/signals/#module-django.db.models.signals\">模型信号</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/signals/#management-signals\">管理信号</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/signals/#module-django.core.signals\">请求／响应信号</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/signals/#module-django.test.signals\">测试信号</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/signals/#module-django.db.backends\">数据库包装器</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/templates/\">模板</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/templates/language/\">Django 模板语言</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/templates/builtins/\">内置模板标签和过滤器</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/templates/api/\">Django 模板语言：对于 Python 开发者</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/template-response/\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">TemplateResponse</span></code> 和 <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">SimpleTemplateResponse</span></code></a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/template-response/#simpletemplateresponse-objects\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">SimpleTemplateResponse</span></code> 对象</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/template-response/#templateresponse-objects\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">TemplateResponse</span></code> 对象</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/template-response/#the-rendering-process\">渲染过程</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/template-response/#using-templateresponse-and-simpletemplateresponse\">使用 <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">TemplateResponse</span></code> 和 <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">SimpleTemplateResponse</span></code></a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/unicode/\">Unicode 数据</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/unicode/#creating-the-database\">创建数据库</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/unicode/#general-string-handling\">一般字符串处理</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/unicode/#models\">模型</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/unicode/#templates\">模板</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/unicode/#files\">文件</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/unicode/#form-submission\">表单提交</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/urlresolvers/\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">django.urls</span></code> 实用函数</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/urlresolvers/#reverse\">reverse()</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/urlresolvers/#reverse-lazy\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">reverse_lazy()</span></code></a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/urlresolvers/#resolve\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">resolve()</span></code></a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/urlresolvers/#get-script-prefix\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">get_script_prefix()</span></code></a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/urls/\">URLconfs 中使用的 <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">django.urls</span></code> 函数</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/urls/#path\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">path()</span></code></a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/urls/#re-path\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">re_path()</span></code></a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/urls/#include\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">include()</span></code></a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/urls/#register-converter\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">register_converter()</span></code></a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/urls/#module-django.conf.urls\">URLconfs 中使用的 <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">django.conf.urls</span></code> 函数</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/urls/#static\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">static()</span></code></a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/urls/#handler400\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">handler400</span></code></a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/urls/#handler403\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">handler403</span></code></a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/urls/#handler404\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">handler404</span></code></a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/urls/#handler500\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">handler500</span></code></a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/utils/\">Django 实用程序</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/utils/#module-django.utils.cache\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">django.utils.cache</span></code></a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/utils/#module-django.utils.dateparse\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">django.utils.dateparse</span></code></a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/utils/#module-django.utils.decorators\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">django.utils.decorators</span></code></a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/utils/#module-django.utils.encoding\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">django.utils.encoding</span></code></a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/utils/#module-django.utils.feedgenerator\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">django.utils.feedgenerator</span></code></a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/utils/#module-django.utils.functional\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">django.utils.functional</span></code></a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/utils/#module-django.utils.html\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">django.utils.html</span></code></a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/utils/#module-django.utils.http\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">django.utils.http</span></code></a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/utils/#module-django.utils.module_loading\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">django.utils.module_loading</span></code></a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/utils/#module-django.utils.safestring\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">django.utils.safestring</span></code></a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/utils/#module-django.utils.text\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">django.utils.text</span></code></a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/utils/#module-django.utils.timezone\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">django.utils.timezone</span></code></a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/utils/#module-django.utils.translation\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">django.utils.translation</span></code></a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/validators/\">验证器</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/validators/#writing-validators\">编写验证器</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/validators/#how-validators-are-run\">如何运行验证器</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/validators/#built-in-validators\">内置验证器</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/views/\">内置视图</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/views/#serving-files-in-development\">为开发中的文件提供服务</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/ref/views/#error-views\">错误视图</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l1\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/misc/\">元文件和杂记</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/misc/api-stability/\">API 的稳定性</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/misc/api-stability/#what-stable-means\">什么是“稳定”？</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/misc/api-stability/#stable-apis\">稳定的 API</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/misc/api-stability/#exceptions\">例外</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/misc/design-philosophies/\">设计理念</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/misc/design-philosophies/#overall\">总体</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/misc/design-philosophies/#models\">模型</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/misc/design-philosophies/#database-api\">数据库API</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/misc/design-philosophies/#url-design\">URL 设计</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/misc/design-philosophies/#template-system\">模板系统</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/misc/design-philosophies/#views\">视图</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/misc/design-philosophies/#cache-framework\">缓存框架</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/misc/distributions/\">Django 的第三方发布包</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/misc/distributions/#for-distributors\">对于发布者</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l1\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/glossary/\">术语</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l1\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/releases/\">发行说明</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/releases/#final-releases\">最终版本</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/releases/#release\">4.0 release</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/releases/#id1\">3.2 发行</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/releases/#id2\">3.1 发行</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/releases/#id3\">3.0 发行</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/releases/#id4\">2.2 发行</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/releases/#id5\">2.1 发行</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/releases/#id6\">2.0 发行</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/releases/#id7\">1.11 发行</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/releases/#id8\">1.10 发行</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/releases/#id9\">1.9 发行</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/releases/#id10\">1.8 发行</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/releases/#id11\">1.7 发行</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/releases/#id12\">1.6 发行</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/releases/#id13\">1.5 发行</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/releases/#id14\">1.4 发行</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/releases/#id15\">1.3 发行</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/releases/#id16\">1.2 发行</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/releases/#id17\">1.1 发行</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/releases/#id18\">1.0 发行</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/releases/#pre-1-0-releases\">1.0 前发行</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/releases/#security-releases\">安全发行</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l1\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/internals/\">Django internals</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/internals/contributing/\">为 Django 做贡献</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/internals/contributing/#work-on-the-django-framework\">Work on the Django framework</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/internals/contributing/#join-the-django-community\">Join the Django community ❤️</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/internals/mailing-lists/\">邮件列表</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/internals/mailing-lists/#django-users\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">django-users</span></code></a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/internals/mailing-lists/#django-developers\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">django-developers</span></code></a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/internals/mailing-lists/#django-announce\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">django-announce</span></code></a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/internals/mailing-lists/#django-updates\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">django-updates</span></code></a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/internals/organization/\">Organization of the Django Project</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/internals/organization/#principles\">Principles</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/internals/organization/#mergers\">Mergers</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/internals/organization/#releasers\">Releasers</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/internals/organization/#technical-board\">Technical board</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/internals/organization/#changing-the-organization\">Changing the organization</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/internals/security/\">Django's security policies</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/internals/security/#reporting-security-issues\">Reporting security issues</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/internals/security/#supported-versions\">支持的版本</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/internals/security/#how-django-discloses-security-issues\">How Django discloses security issues</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/internals/security/#who-receives-advance-notification\">Who receives advance notification</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/internals/security/#requesting-notifications\">Requesting notifications</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/internals/release-process/\">Django 的发行流程</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/internals/release-process/#official-releases\">正式发行</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/internals/release-process/#release-cadence\">发行节奏</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/internals/release-process/#deprecation-policy\">废弃政策</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/internals/release-process/#supported-versions\">支持的版本</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/internals/release-process/#release-process\">发行过程</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/internals/deprecation/\">Django废弃时间表</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/internals/deprecation/#deprecation-removed-in-5-0\">5.0</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/internals/deprecation/#deprecation-removed-in-4-1\">4.1</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/internals/deprecation/#deprecation-removed-in-4-0\">4.0</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/internals/deprecation/#deprecation-removed-in-3-1\">3.1</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/internals/deprecation/#deprecation-removed-in-3-0\">3.0</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/internals/deprecation/#deprecation-removed-in-2-1\">2.1</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/internals/deprecation/#deprecation-removed-in-2-0\">2.0</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/internals/deprecation/#deprecation-removed-in-1-10\">1.10</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/internals/deprecation/#deprecation-removed-in-1-9\">1.9</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/internals/deprecation/#deprecation-removed-in-1-8\">1.8</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/internals/deprecation/#deprecation-removed-in-1-7\">1.7</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/internals/deprecation/#deprecation-removed-in-1-6\">1.6</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/internals/deprecation/#deprecation-removed-in-1-5\">1.5</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/internals/deprecation/#deprecation-removed-in-1-4\">1.4</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/internals/deprecation/#deprecation-removed-in-1-3\">1.3</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/internals/git/\">The Django source code repository</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/internals/git/#high-level-overview\">High-level overview</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/internals/git/#the-main-branch\">The main branch</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/internals/git/#stable-branches\">Stable branches</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/internals/git/#id1\">标签(Tags)</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l2\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/internals/howto-release-django/\">How is Django Formed?</a><ul>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/internals/howto-release-django/#overview\">概况</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/internals/howto-release-django/#prerequisites\">Prerequisites</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/internals/howto-release-django/#pre-release-tasks\">Pre-release tasks</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/internals/howto-release-django/#preparing-for-release\">Preparing for release</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/internals/howto-release-django/#actually-rolling-the-release\">Actually rolling the release</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/internals/howto-release-django/#making-the-release-s-available-to-the-public\">Making the release(s) available to the public</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/internals/howto-release-django/#post-release\">Post-release</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/internals/howto-release-django/#new-stable-branch-tasks\">New stable branch tasks</a></li>\n<li class=\"toctree-l3\"><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/internals/howto-release-django/#notes-on-setting-the-version-tuple\">Notes on setting the VERSION tuple</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n<section id=\"indices-glossary-and-tables\">\n<h2>索引和词汇表<a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#indices-glossary-and-tables\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this heading</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></h2>\n<ul class=\"simple\">\n<li><p><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/genindex/\"><span class=\"std std-ref\">Index</span></a></p></li>\n<li><p><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/py-modindex/\"><span class=\"std std-ref\">Module Index</span></a></p></li>\n<li><p><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/zh-hans/4.0/glossary/\"><span class=\"doc\">术语</span></a></p></li>\n</ul>\n</section>","rootId":"django-documentation-contents","toc":[{"title":"索引和词汇表","anchor":"indices-glossary-and-tables","children":[]}],"breadcrumbs":[],"prev":null,"next":{"docname":"index","title":"Django 文档","url":"/zh-hans/4.0/"},"formats":{"html":"/zh-hans/4.0/contents/","markdown":"/zh-hans/4.0/contents.md","json":"/zh-hans/4.0/contents.json"},"source":"https://github.com/django/django/blob/stable/4.0.x/docs/contents.txt","official":"https://docs.djangoproject.com/zh-hans/4.0/contents/","inVersions":["6.1","6.0","5.2","5.1","5.0","4.2","4.1","4.0","3.2","3.1","3.0","2.2","2.1","2.0"],"inLocales":["en","zh-hans","fr","ja","id","it","pt-br","ko","es","el","pl"]}