{"title":"如何在 Windows 上安装 Django","version":"3.1","locale":"zh-hans","docname":"howto/windows","url":"/zh-hans/3.1/howto/windows/","canonical":"https://djangodocs.dev/zh-hans/3.1/howto/windows/","summary":"本文是安装在 Windows 上安装 Python 3.8 和 Django 的指南。同时也提供了关于配置虚拟环境的介绍，它们使得编写 Python 工程变的非常简单。这是为从事 Django 项目的用户提供的入门指南，而介绍为 Django 本身开发补丁时该如何安装 Django。 指南中的下列步骤已在 Windows…","html":"<h1>如何在 Windows 上安装 Django<a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#how-to-install-django-on-windows\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this heading</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></h1>\n<p>本文是安装在 Windows 上安装 Python 3.8 和 Django 的指南。同时也提供了关于配置虚拟环境的介绍，它们使得编写 Python 工程变的非常简单。这是为从事 Django 项目的用户提供的入门指南，而介绍为 Django 本身开发补丁时该如何安装 Django。</p>\n<p>指南中的下列步骤已在 Windows 10上测试通过。其它版本上，步骤类似。你需要熟悉如何使用 Windows 的命令提示符。</p>\n<section id=\"install-python\">\n<span id=\"install-python-windows\"></span><h2>安装Python<a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#install-python\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this heading</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></h2>\n<p>Django 是一个 Python Web 框架，因此需要在您的机器上安装 Python。在本文撰写时，Python 最新的版本是 3.8。</p>\n<p>想将 Python 安装在你的机器上，可以到 <a class=\"reference external\" href=\"https://python.org/downloads/\">https://python.org/downloads/</a> 这个网址。这个网站将为你提供一个下载按钮来下载最新的 Python 版本。下载可执行程序安装包并运行它。然后勾选 <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">为所有用户安装快捷方式（推荐）</span></code> 接着点击 <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">开始安装</span></code>。</p>\n<p>安装后，打开命令提示符，检查 Python 版本是否与你装的一致，通过运行:</p>\n<div class=\"code-block\" data-language=\"doscon\"><div class=\"code-block-toolbar\"><span class=\"code-block-language\">Windows</span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-button\" data-copy hidden><span class=\"copy-button-label\">Copy</span></button></div><pre role=\"group\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Windows code\"><code><span class=\"gp\">...\\&gt;</span> py --version\n</code></pre></div>\n<aside class=\"admonition admonition-seealso\">\n<p class=\"admonition-title\">See also</p>\n<p>想知晓更多细节，请查看 <a class=\"reference external\" href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/using/windows.html\" title=\"(in Python v3.14)\"><span>Using Python on Windows</span></a> 文档。</p>\n</aside>\n</section>\n<section id=\"about-pip\">\n<h2>关于 <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">pip</span></code><a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#about-pip\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this heading</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></h2>\n<p><a class=\"reference external\" href=\"https://pypi.org/project/pip/\">pip</a> 是 Python 的包管理器并且默认就在Python安装包里。它使得 Python 包（例如 Django）的安装和卸载变的非常简单。剩下的安装流程中，我们会用 <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">pip</span></code> 从命令行安装 Python 包。</p>\n</section>\n<section id=\"setting-up-a-virtual-environment\">\n<span id=\"virtualenvironment\"></span><h2>配置一个虚拟环境<a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#setting-up-a-virtual-environment\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this heading</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></h2>\n<p>最佳实践是为你创建的每一个Django项目创建一个独立的环境。在Python生态系统中有许多可以用来管理环境和包的可选工具，一些在 <a class=\"reference external\" href=\"https://packaging.python.org/guides/tool-recommendations/\">Python documentation</a> 被推荐过。我们将会在这份指南中使用Python本身自带的 <a class=\"reference external\" href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/venv.html\" title=\"(in Python v3.14)\"><span class=\"xref std std-doc\">venv</span></a>  来管理环境。</p>\n<p>要为你的项目创建一个虚拟环境，打开新的命令行窗口，转至你想创建项目的文件夹，然后输入如下命令</p>\n<div class=\"code-block\" data-language=\"doscon\"><div class=\"code-block-toolbar\"><span class=\"code-block-language\">Windows</span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-button\" data-copy hidden><span class=\"copy-button-label\">Copy</span></button></div><pre role=\"group\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Windows code\"><code><span class=\"gp\">...\\&gt;</span> py -m venv project-name\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>这样就会创建一个名字为“project-name”文件夹并且设置好相应的虚拟环境。为了激活环境，请执行如下命令</p>\n<div class=\"code-block\" data-language=\"doscon\"><div class=\"code-block-toolbar\"><span class=\"code-block-language\">Windows</span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-button\" data-copy hidden><span class=\"copy-button-label\">Copy</span></button></div><pre role=\"group\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Windows code\"><code><span class=\"gp\">...\\&gt;</span> project-name\\Scripts\\activate.bat\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>虚拟环境就会激活，并且你会在命令提示符旁边看到 &quot;(project-name)&quot; 指向该环境。每次你打开新的命令行窗口，你需要再次激活环境。</p>\n</section>\n<section id=\"install-django\">\n<h2>安装 Django<a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#install-django\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this heading</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></h2>\n<p>Django 可以轻松地在你的虚拟环境中使用 <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">pip</span></code> 安装。</p>\n<p>在命令提示行中，确认虚拟环境是激活的，然后运行以下命令:</p>\n<div class=\"code-block\" data-language=\"doscon\"><div class=\"code-block-toolbar\"><span class=\"code-block-language\">Windows</span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-button\" data-copy hidden><span class=\"copy-button-label\">Copy</span></button></div><pre role=\"group\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Windows code\"><code><span class=\"gp\">...\\&gt;</span> py -m pip install Django\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>这将下载并安装最新的 Django 发布版本。</p>\n<p>安装完成后，你可以在命令提示符运行 <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">django-admin</span> <span class=\"pre\">--version</span></code> 验证你安装的 Django。</p>\n<p>参考 <span class=\"xref std std-ref\">数据库安装</span> 了解如何通过 Django 安装数据库。</p>\n</section>\n<section id=\"common-pitfalls\">\n<h2>常见失误<a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#common-pitfalls\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this heading</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></h2>\n<ul>\n<li><p>若 <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">django-admin</span></code> 无论输入啥参数都只显示帮助信息，这可能是一个 Windos 的文件关联问题。检查 <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">PATH</span></code> 中是否不止一个用于运行 Python 脚本的环境变量。该问题通常在安装了多个 Python 版本时出现。</p></li>\n<li><p>若你通过代理来连接互联网，运行命令 <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">pip</span> <span class=\"pre\">install</span> <span class=\"pre\">Django</span></code> 时可能会出现问题。在命令提示符中为代理配置如下环境变量:</p>\n<div class=\"code-block\" data-language=\"doscon\"><div class=\"code-block-toolbar\"><span class=\"code-block-language\">Windows</span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-button\" data-copy hidden><span class=\"copy-button-label\">Copy</span></button></div><pre role=\"group\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Windows code\"><code><span class=\"gp\">...\\&gt;</span> <span class=\"k\">set</span> <span class=\"nv\">http_proxy</span><span class=\"p\">=</span>http://username:password@proxyserver:proxyport\n<span class=\"gp\">...\\&gt;</span> <span class=\"k\">set</span> <span class=\"nv\">https_proxy</span><span class=\"p\">=</span>https://username:password@proxyserver:proxyport\n</code></pre></div>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</section>","rootId":"how-to-install-django-on-windows","toc":[{"title":"安装Python","anchor":"install-python","children":[]},{"title":"关于 pip","anchor":"about-pip","children":[]},{"title":"配置一个虚拟环境","anchor":"setting-up-a-virtual-environment","children":[]},{"title":"安装 Django","anchor":"install-django","children":[]},{"title":"常见失误","anchor":"common-pitfalls","children":[]}],"breadcrumbs":[{"docname":"howto/index","title":"操作指南","url":"/zh-hans/3.1/howto/"}],"prev":{"docname":"howto/static-files/deployment","title":"部署静态文件","url":"/zh-hans/3.1/howto/static-files/deployment/"},"next":{"docname":"howto/writing-migrations","title":"编写数据库迁移语句","url":"/zh-hans/3.1/howto/writing-migrations/"},"formats":{"html":"/zh-hans/3.1/howto/windows/","markdown":"/zh-hans/3.1/howto/windows.md","json":"/zh-hans/3.1/howto/windows.json"},"source":"https://github.com/django/django/blob/stable/3.1.x/docs/howto/windows.txt","official":"https://docs.djangoproject.com/zh-hans/3.1/howto/windows/","inVersions":["6.1","6.0","5.2","5.1","5.0","4.2","4.1","4.0","3.2","3.1","3.0","2.2","2.1","2.0"],"inLocales":["en","zh-hans","fr","ja","id","pt-br","ko","es","el","pl"]}