--- title: "系统检查框架" version: 3.0 locale: zh-hans source: https://docs.djangoproject.com/zh-hans/3.0/ref/checks/ canonical: https://djangodocs.dev/zh-hans/3.0/ref/checks/ --- # 系统检查框架 系统检查框架是一组验证Django项目的静态检查。 它检测到常见的问题，并提供了如何解决这些问题的提示。 该框架是可扩展的，所以你可以轻松地添加自己的检查。 有关如何添加自己的检查并将其与 Django 的系统检查集成的详细信息，请参阅：doc：系统检查主题指南\。 ## API 参考 ### “CheckMessage” #### `class CheckMessage(level, msg, hint=None, obj=None, id=None)` 系统检查提出的警告和错误必须是“CheckMessage”的实例。 一个实例封装了一个可报告的错误或警告。 它还提供适用于消息的上下文和提示以及用于过滤目的的唯一标识符。 构造方法的参数： **`level`** 消息的严重性。 使用其中一个预定义的值：DEBUG，INFO，WARNING，ERROR，CRITICAL。 如果级别大于或等于“ERROR”，则Django将阻止执行管理命令。 级别低于“ERROR”的消息（即警告）被报告给控制台，但是可以被静默。 **`msg`** 用来描述问题的一个简短字符串(少于80个字符)。这个字符串不应该包含换行符。 **`hint`** 提供解决问题的提示的单行字符串。 如果不能提供提示，或者错误消息中的提示是显而易见的，则提示可以省略，或者可以使用“None”的值。 **`obj`** Optional. An object providing context for the message (for example, the model where the problem was discovered). The object should be a model, field, or manager or any other object that defines a `__str__()` method. The method is used while reporting all messages and its result precedes the message. **`id`** Optional string. A unique identifier for the issue. Identifiers should follow the pattern `applabel.X001`, where `X` is one of the letters `CEWID`, indicating the message severity (`C` for criticals, `E` for errors and so). The number can be allocated by the application, but should be unique within that application. 有一些子类可以使创建通用级别的消息更简单。 当使用它们时，可以省略“level”参数，因为它是由类名所隐含的。 #### `class Debug(msg, hint=None, obj=None, id=None)` #### `class Info(msg, hint=None, obj=None, id=None)` #### `class Warning(msg, hint=None obj=None, id=None)` #### `class Error(msg, hint=None, obj=None, id=None)` #### `class Critical(msg, hint=None, obj=None, id=None)` ## 内置标签 Django 的系统检查按以下标签组织： - `admin`：检查所有后台站点申明。 - `caches`：检查缓存相关的配置。 - `compatibility`：标记版本升级可能导致的问题。 - `database`: Checks database-related configuration issues. Database checks are not run by default because they do more than static code analysis as regular checks do. They are only run by the [`migrate`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/django-admin/#django-admin-migrate) command or if you specify the `database` tag when calling the [`check`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/django-admin/#django-admin-check) command. - `models`：检查模型，字段和管理器定义。 - `security`：检查安全相关配置。 - `signals`：检查信号申明和处理器注册信息。 - `staticfiles`：检查 [`django.contrib.staticfiles`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/contrib/staticfiles/#module-django.contrib.staticfiles) 配置。 - `templates`：检查模板相关配置。 - `translation`：检查翻译相关配置。 - `urls`：检查 URL 配置。 一些可能通过多个标签同时注册的检查项。 ## 核心系统检查 ### 向后兼容 兼容性检查警告那些升级 Django 后可能出现的问题。 - **2\_0.W001**: Your URL pattern `` has a `route` that contains `(?P<`, begins with a `^`, or ends with a `$`. This was likely an oversight when migrating from `url()` to [`path()`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/urls/#django.urls.path). ### 缓存 The following checks verify that your [`CACHES`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/settings/#std-setting-CACHES) setting is correctly configured: - **caches.E001**: You must define a `'default'` cache in your [`CACHES`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/settings/#std-setting-CACHES) setting. ### 数据库 #### MySQL 如果您使用MySQL，需要执行以下检查： - **mysql.E001**: MySQL does not allow unique `CharField`s to have a `max_length` \> 255. - **mysql.W002**: MySQL Strict Mode is not set for database connection ``. See also [Setting sql\_mode](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/databases/#mysql-sql-mode). ### 模型字段 - **fields.E001**: 字段名不能已下划线结尾。 - **fields.E002**: 字段名不能有 `"__"`. - *fields.E003\**: `pk` 是保留关键字，不能作为字段名使用。 - \*\* fields.E004 ：“choices”必须是可迭代的（例如，列表或元组）。 - \*\* fields.E005 ：choices\`\`必须是一个可返回的\`\`（实际值，易读的名称）\`\`构成元组。 - \*\* fields.E006 ：```db_index``必须是`None`，``True``或`False```。 - \*\* fields.E007 ：主键不能有“null = True”。 - **fields.E008**：所有 `validators` 必须都是可调用的。 - **fields.E009**: `max_length` is too small to fit the longest value in `choices` (`` characters). - **fields.E100**： `` AutoField` `` 必须设置 primary\_key=True。 - **fields.E110**: `BooleanField`s do not accept null values. *This check appeared before support for null values was added in Django 2.1.* - **fields.E120**： `CharField` 必须定义一个 `max_length` 属性。 - **fields.E121**： `max_length` 必须是个正整数。 - **fields.W122**： `max_length` 在使用 `` 时会被忽略。 - **fields.E130**： `DecimalField` 必须定义一个 `decimal_places` 属性。 - **fields.E131**： `decimal_places` 必须是个非负整数。 - **fields.E132**： `DecimalField` 必须定义一个 `max_digits` 属性。 - **fields.E133**： `max_digits` 必须是一个非负整数。 - **fields.E134**： `max_digits` 必须大于或等于 `decimal_places`。 - **fields.E140**： `FilePathField` 的 `allow_files` 或 `allow_folders` 必须有一个被设为 True。 - **fields.E150**： 若\`\`GenericIPAddressField\`\` 不允许 null 值，那么它也不接受空值，因为空值被保存为 null。 - **fields.E160**: The options `auto_now`, `auto_now_add`, and `default` are mutually exclusive. Only one of these options may be present. - **fields.W161**：默认绑定值。 - **fields.W162**： `` 并不支持在 `` 列上创建数据库索引。 - **fields.E170**: `BinaryField`’s `default` cannot be a string. Use bytes content instead. - **fields.E900**: `IPAddressField` has been removed except for support in historical migrations. - **fields.W900**: `IPAddressField` has been deprecated. Support for it (except in historical migrations) will be removed in Django 1.9. *This check appeared in Django 1.7 and 1.8*. - **fields.W901**: `CommaSeparatedIntegerField` has been deprecated. Support for it (except in historical migrations) will be removed in Django 2.0. *This check appeared in Django 1.10 and 1.11*. - **fields.E901**: `CommaSeparatedIntegerField` is removed except for support in historical migrations. - **fields.W902**: `FloatRangeField` is deprecated and will be removed in Django 3.1. #### 文件字段 - **fields.E200**: `unique` is not a valid argument for a `FileField`. *This check is removed in Django 1.11*. - **fields.E201**： `primary_key` 对于 `FileField` 来说不是个有效的参数。 - **fields.E202**： `FileField` 的 `upload_to` 参数必须是个相对路径，而不是一个相对路径。 - **fields.E210**： 不能使用 `ImageField`，因为未安装 Pillow。 #### 关联字段 - **fields.E300**: Field defines a relation with model ``, which is either not installed, or is abstract. - **fields.E301**: Field defines a relation with the model `` which has been swapped out. - **fields.E302**: Accessor for field `` clashes with field ``. - **fields.E303**: Reverse query name for field `` clashes with field ``. - **fields.E304**: Field name `` clashes with accessor for ``. - **fields.E305**: Field name `` clashes with reverse query name for ``. - **fields.E306**: Related name must be a valid Python identifier or end with a `'+'`. - **fields.E307**: The field `..` was declared with a lazy reference to `.`, but app `` isn't installed or doesn't provide model ``. - **fields.E308**: Reverse query name `` must not end with an underscore. - **fields.E309**: Reverse query name `` must not contain `'__'`. - **fields.E310**: No subset of the fields ``, ``, ... on model `` is unique. - **fields.E311**: `` must set `unique=True` because it is referenced by a `ForeignKey`. - **fields.E312**: The `to_field` `` doesn't exist on the related model `.`. - **fields.E320**: Field specifies `on_delete=SET_NULL`, but cannot be null. - **fields.E321**: The field specifies `on_delete=SET_DEFAULT`, but has no default value. - **fields.E330**: `ManyToManyField`s cannot be unique. - **fields.E331**: Field specifies a many-to-many relation through model ``, which has not been installed. - **fields.E332**: Many-to-many fields with intermediate tables must not be symmetrical. *This check appeared before Django 3.0.* - **fields.E333**: The model is used as an intermediate model by ``, but it has more than two foreign keys to ``, which is ambiguous. You must specify which two foreign keys Django should use via the `through_fields` keyword argument. - **fields.E334**: The model is used as an intermediate model by ``, but it has more than one foreign key from ``, which is ambiguous. You must specify which foreign key Django should use via the `through_fields` keyword argument. - **fields.E335**: The model is used as an intermediate model by ``, but it has more than one foreign key to ``, which is ambiguous. You must specify which foreign key Django should use via the `through_fields` keyword argument. - **fields.E336**: The model is used as an intermediary model by ``, but it does not have foreign key to `` or ``. - **fields.E337**: Field specifies `through_fields` but does not provide the names of the two link fields that should be used for the relation through ``. - **fields.E338**: The intermediary model `` has no field ``. - **fields.E339**: `.` is not a foreign key to ``. - **fields.E340**: The field's intermediary table `` clashes with the table name of ``/`.`. - **fields.W340**: `null` has no effect on `ManyToManyField`. - **fields.W341**: `ManyToManyField` does not support `validators`. - **fields.W342**: Setting `unique=True` on a `ForeignKey` has the same effect as using a `OneToOneField`. - **fields.W343**: `limit_choices_to` has no effect on `ManyToManyField` with a `through` model. ### 模型 - **models.E001**： `` 不是表单 `app_label.app_name`。 - **models.E002**: `` references ``, which has not been installed, or is abstract. - **models.E003**: The model has two identical many-to-many relations through the intermediate model `.`. - **models.E004**: `id` can only be used as a field name if the field also sets `primary_key=True`. - **models.E005**: The field `` from parent model `` clashes with the field `` from parent model ``. - **models.E006**：与另一个模型 `` 的字段 `` 冲突的字段。 - **models.E007**： 列名 `` 被其它字段使用的字段 `` 。 - **models.E008**： `index_together` 必须是个列表或元组。 - **models.E009**： 所有 `index_together` 元素都必须是列表或元组。 - **models.E010**： `unique_together` 必须是个列表或元组。 - **models.E011**： 所有 `unique_together` 元素都必须是列表或元组。 - **models.E012**： `indexes/index_together/unique_together` 指向了不存在的字段 ``。 - **models.E013**： `indexes/index_together/unique_together` 指向一个 `ManyToManyField` ``，但此选项不支持 `ManyToManyField`。 - **models.E014**： `ordering` 必须是个元组或列表（即便你只想按照一个字段进行排序）。 - **models.E015**: `ordering` refers to the nonexistent field, related field, or lookup ``. - **models.E016**: `indexes/index_together/unique_together` refers to field `` which is not local to model ``. - **models.E017**: Proxy model `` contains model fields. - **models.E018**: Autogenerated column name too long for field ``. Maximum length is `` for database ``. - **models.E019**: Autogenerated column name too long for M2M field ``. Maximum length is `` for database ``. - **models.E020**: The `.check()` class method is currently overridden. - **models.E021**: `ordering` and `order_with_respect_to` cannot be used together. - **models.E022**: `` contains a lazy reference to `.`, but app `` isn't installed or doesn't provide model ``. - **models.E023**: The model name `` cannot start or end with an underscore as it collides with the query lookup syntax. - **models.E024**: The model name `` cannot contain double underscores as it collides with the query lookup syntax. - **models.E025**: The property `` clashes with a related field accessor. - **models.E026**: The model cannot have more than one field with `primary_key=True`. - **models.W027**: `` does not support check constraints. - **models.E028**: `db_table` `` is used by multiple models: ``. - **models.E029**: index name `` is not unique for model ``. - **models.E030**: index name `` is not unique amongst models: ``. - **models.E031**: constraint name `` is not unique for model ``. - **models.E032**: constraint name `` is not unique amongst models: ``. - **models.E033**: The index name `` cannot start with an underscore or a number. - **models.E034**: The index name `` cannot be longer than `` characters. - **models.W035**: `db_table` `` is used by multiple models: ``. ### 安全 The security checks do not make your site secure. They do not audit code, do intrusion detection, or do anything particularly complex. Rather, they help perform an automated, low-hanging-fruit checklist, that can help you to improve your site's security. Some of these checks may not be appropriate for your particular deployment configuration. For instance, if you do your HTTP to HTTPS redirection in a load balancer, it'd be irritating to be constantly warned about not having enabled [`SECURE_SSL_REDIRECT`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/settings/#std-setting-SECURE_SSL_REDIRECT). Use [`SILENCED_SYSTEM_CHECKS`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/settings/#std-setting-SILENCED_SYSTEM_CHECKS) to silence unneeded checks. The following checks are run if you use the [`check --deploy`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/django-admin/#cmdoption-check-deploy) option: - **security.W001**: You do not have [`django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/middleware/#django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware) in your [`MIDDLEWARE`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/settings/#std-setting-MIDDLEWARE) so the [`SECURE_HSTS_SECONDS`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/settings/#std-setting-SECURE_HSTS_SECONDS), [`SECURE_CONTENT_TYPE_NOSNIFF`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/settings/#std-setting-SECURE_CONTENT_TYPE_NOSNIFF), [`SECURE_BROWSER_XSS_FILTER`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/settings/#std-setting-SECURE_BROWSER_XSS_FILTER), [`SECURE_REFERRER_POLICY`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/settings/#std-setting-SECURE_REFERRER_POLICY), and [`SECURE_SSL_REDIRECT`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/settings/#std-setting-SECURE_SSL_REDIRECT) settings will have no effect. - **security.W002**: You do not have [`django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/middleware/#django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware) in your [`MIDDLEWARE`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/settings/#std-setting-MIDDLEWARE), so your pages will not be served with an `'x-frame-options'` header. Unless there is a good reason for your site to be served in a frame, you should consider enabling this header to help prevent clickjacking attacks. - **security.W003**: You don't appear to be using Django's built-in cross-site request forgery protection via the middleware ([`django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/middleware/#django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware) is not in your [`MIDDLEWARE`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/settings/#std-setting-MIDDLEWARE)). Enabling the middleware is the safest approach to ensure you don't leave any holes. - **security.W004**: You have not set a value for the [`SECURE_HSTS_SECONDS`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/settings/#std-setting-SECURE_HSTS_SECONDS) setting. If your entire site is served only over SSL, you may want to consider setting a value and enabling [HTTP Strict Transport Security](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/middleware/#http-strict-transport-security). Be sure to read the documentation first; enabling HSTS carelessly can cause serious, irreversible problems. - **security.W005**: You have not set the [`SECURE_HSTS_INCLUDE_SUBDOMAINS`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/settings/#std-setting-SECURE_HSTS_INCLUDE_SUBDOMAINS) setting to `True`. Without this, your site is potentially vulnerable to attack via an insecure connection to a subdomain. Only set this to `True` if you are certain that all subdomains of your domain should be served exclusively via SSL. - **security.W006**: Your [`SECURE_CONTENT_TYPE_NOSNIFF`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/settings/#std-setting-SECURE_CONTENT_TYPE_NOSNIFF) setting is not set to `True`, so your pages will not be served with an `'X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff'` header. You should consider enabling this header to prevent the browser from identifying content types incorrectly. - **security.W007**: Your [`SECURE_BROWSER_XSS_FILTER`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/settings/#std-setting-SECURE_BROWSER_XSS_FILTER) setting is not set to `True`, so your pages will not be served with an `'X-XSS-Protection: 1; mode=block'` header. You should consider enabling this header to activate the browser's XSS filtering and help prevent XSS attacks. *This check is removed in Django 3.0 as the* `X-XSS-Protection` *header is no longer honored by modern browsers.* - **security.W008**: Your [`SECURE_SSL_REDIRECT`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/settings/#std-setting-SECURE_SSL_REDIRECT) setting is not set to `True`. Unless your site should be available over both SSL and non-SSL connections, you may want to either set this setting to `True` or configure a load balancer or reverse-proxy server to redirect all connections to HTTPS. - **security.W009**: Your [`SECRET_KEY`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/settings/#std-setting-SECRET_KEY) has less than 50 characters or less than 5 unique characters. Please generate a long and random `SECRET_KEY`, otherwise many of Django's security-critical features will be vulnerable to attack. - **security.W010**: You have [`django.contrib.sessions`](/zh-hans/3.0/topics/http/sessions/#module-django.contrib.sessions) in your [`INSTALLED_APPS`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/settings/#std-setting-INSTALLED_APPS) but you have not set [`SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/settings/#std-setting-SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE) to `True`. Using a secure-only session cookie makes it more difficult for network traffic sniffers to hijack user sessions. - **security.W011**: You have [`django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/middleware/#django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware) in your [`MIDDLEWARE`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/settings/#std-setting-MIDDLEWARE), but you have not set [`SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/settings/#std-setting-SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE) to `True`. Using a secure-only session cookie makes it more difficult for network traffic sniffers to hijack user sessions. - **security.W012**: [`SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/settings/#std-setting-SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE) is not set to `True`. Using a secure-only session cookie makes it more difficult for network traffic sniffers to hijack user sessions. - **security.W013**: You have [`django.contrib.sessions`](/zh-hans/3.0/topics/http/sessions/#module-django.contrib.sessions) in your [`INSTALLED_APPS`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/settings/#std-setting-INSTALLED_APPS), but you have not set [`SESSION_COOKIE_HTTPONLY`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/settings/#std-setting-SESSION_COOKIE_HTTPONLY) to `True`. Using an `HttpOnly` session cookie makes it more difficult for cross-site scripting attacks to hijack user sessions. - **security.W014**: You have [`django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/middleware/#django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware) in your [`MIDDLEWARE`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/settings/#std-setting-MIDDLEWARE), but you have not set [`SESSION_COOKIE_HTTPONLY`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/settings/#std-setting-SESSION_COOKIE_HTTPONLY) to `True`. Using an `HttpOnly` session cookie makes it more difficult for cross-site scripting attacks to hijack user sessions. - **security.W015**: [`SESSION_COOKIE_HTTPONLY`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/settings/#std-setting-SESSION_COOKIE_HTTPONLY) is not set to `True`. Using an `HttpOnly` session cookie makes it more difficult for cross-site scripting attacks to hijack user sessions. - **security.W016**: [`CSRF_COOKIE_SECURE`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/settings/#std-setting-CSRF_COOKIE_SECURE) is not set to `True`. Using a secure-only CSRF cookie makes it more difficult for network traffic sniffers to steal the CSRF token. - **security.W017**: [`CSRF_COOKIE_HTTPONLY`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/settings/#std-setting-CSRF_COOKIE_HTTPONLY) is not set to `True`. Using an `HttpOnly` CSRF cookie makes it more difficult for cross-site scripting attacks to steal the CSRF token. *This check is removed in Django 1.11 as the* [`CSRF_COOKIE_HTTPONLY`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/settings/#std-setting-CSRF_COOKIE_HTTPONLY) *setting offers no practical benefit.* - **security.W018**: You should not have [`DEBUG`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/settings/#std-setting-DEBUG) set to `True` in deployment. - **security.W019**: You have [`django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/middleware/#django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware) in your [`MIDDLEWARE`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/settings/#std-setting-MIDDLEWARE), but [`X_FRAME_OPTIONS`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/settings/#std-setting-X_FRAME_OPTIONS) is not set to `'DENY'`. Unless there is a good reason for your site to serve other parts of itself in a frame, you should change it to `'DENY'`. - **security.W020**: [`ALLOWED_HOSTS`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/settings/#std-setting-ALLOWED_HOSTS) must not be empty in deployment. - **security.W021**: You have not set the [`SECURE_HSTS_PRELOAD`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/settings/#std-setting-SECURE_HSTS_PRELOAD) setting to `True`. Without this, your site cannot be submitted to the browser preload list. - **security.W022**: You have not set the [`SECURE_REFERRER_POLICY`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/settings/#std-setting-SECURE_REFERRER_POLICY) setting. Without this, your site will not send a Referrer-Policy header. You should consider enabling this header to protect user privacy. - **security.E023**: You have set the [`SECURE_REFERRER_POLICY`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/settings/#std-setting-SECURE_REFERRER_POLICY) setting to an invalid value. ### 信号 - **signals.E001**: `` was connected to the `` signal with a lazy reference to the sender `.`, but app `` isn't installed or doesn't provide model ``. ### 模板 The following checks verify that your [`TEMPLATES`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/settings/#std-setting-TEMPLATES) setting is correctly configured: - **templates.E001**: You have `'APP_DIRS': True` in your [`TEMPLATES`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/settings/#std-setting-TEMPLATES) but also specify `'loaders'` in `OPTIONS`. Either remove `APP_DIRS` or remove the `'loaders'` option. - **templates.E002**: `string_if_invalid` in [`TEMPLATES`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/settings/#std-setting-TEMPLATES) [`OPTIONS`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/settings/#std-setting-TEMPLATES-OPTIONS) must be a string but got: `{value}` (`{type}`). ### 翻译 The following checks are performed on your translation configuration: - **translation.E001**: You have provided an invalid value for the [`LANGUAGE_CODE`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/settings/#std-setting-LANGUAGE_CODE) setting: ``. - **translation.E002**: You have provided an invalid language code in the [`LANGUAGES`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/settings/#std-setting-LANGUAGES) setting: ``. - **translation.E003**: You have provided an invalid language code in the [`LANGUAGES_BIDI`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/settings/#std-setting-LANGUAGES_BIDI) setting: ``. - **translation.E004**: You have provided a value for the [`LANGUAGE_CODE`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/settings/#std-setting-LANGUAGE_CODE) setting that is not in the [`LANGUAGES`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/settings/#std-setting-LANGUAGES) setting. ### URLs 以下检查项针对你的 URL 配置执行： - **urls.W001**: Your URL pattern `` uses [`include()`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/urls/#django.urls.include) with a `route` ending with a `$`. Remove the dollar from the `route` to avoid problems including URLs. - **urls.W002**: Your URL pattern `` has a `route` beginning with a `/`. Remove this slash as it is unnecessary. If this pattern is targeted in an [`include()`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/urls/#django.urls.include), ensure the [`include()`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/urls/#django.urls.include) pattern has a trailing `/`. - **urls.W003**: Your URL pattern `` has a `name` including a `:`. Remove the colon, to avoid ambiguous namespace references. - **urls.E004**: Your URL pattern `` is invalid. Ensure that `urlpatterns` is a list of [`path()`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/urls/#django.urls.path) and/or [`re_path()`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/urls/#django.urls.re_path) instances. - **urls.W005**: URL namespace `` isn't unique. You may not be able to reverse all URLs in this namespace. - **urls.E006**: The [`MEDIA_URL`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/settings/#std-setting-MEDIA_URL)/ [`STATIC_URL`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/settings/#std-setting-STATIC_URL) setting must end with a slash. - **urls.E007**: The custom `handlerXXX` view `'path.to.view'` does not take the correct number of arguments (…). - **urls.E008**: The custom `handlerXXX` view `'path.to.view'` could not be imported. ## `contrib` 应用检查 ### `admin` 后台检查项均作为 `admin` 标签的一部分执行。 以下检查项在每个通过后台站点注册的 [`ModelAdmin`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/contrib/admin/#django.contrib.admin.ModelAdmin) （或其子类）上执行。 - **admin.E001**： `raw_id_fields` 的值必须是个列表或元组。 - **admin.E002**： `raw_id_fields[n]` 的值指向 ``，它并不是 `` 的属性。 - **admin.E003**： `raw_id_fields[n]` 的值必须是个外键或一个多对多字段。 - **admin.E004**： `fields` 的值必须是列表或元组。 - **admin.E005**： `fieldsets` 和 `fields` 都是定制的。 - **admin.E006**： `fields` 的值包含了重复字段。 - **admin.E007**： `fieldsets` 的值必须是个列表或元组。 - **admin.E008**： `fieldsets[n]` 的值必须是个列表或元组。 - **admin.E009**： `fieldsets[n]` 的值的长度必须是 2。 - **admin.E010**： `fieldsets[n][1]` 的值必须是个字典。 - **admin.E011**： `fieldsets[n][1]` 的值必须包含键 `fields`。 - **admin.E012**： `fieldsets[n][1]` 中有重复字段。 - **admin.E013**: `fields[n]/fieldsets[n][m]` cannot include the `ManyToManyField` ``, because that field manually specifies a relationship model. - **admin.E014**： `exclude` 的值必须是个列表或元组。 - **admin.E015**： `exclude` 的值必须包含重复字段。 - **admin.E016**： `form` 的值必须继承自 `BaseModelForm`。 - **admin.E017**： `filter_vertical` 的值必须是个列表或元组。 - **admin.E018**： `filter_horizontal` 的值必须是个列表或元组。 - **admin.E019**: The value of `filter_vertical[n]/filter_vertical[n]` refers to ``, which is not an attribute of ``. - **admin.E020**: The value of `filter_vertical[n]/filter_vertical[n]` must be a many-to-many field. - **admin.E021**: The value of `radio_fields` must be a dictionary. - **admin.E022**: The value of `radio_fields` refers to ``, which is not an attribute of ``. - **admin.E023**: The value of `radio_fields` refers to ``, which is not a `ForeignKey`, and does not have a `choices` definition. - **admin.E024**: The value of `radio_fields[]` must be either `admin.HORIZONTAL` or `admin.VERTICAL`. - **admin.E025**: The value of `view_on_site` must be either a callable or a boolean value. - **admin.E026**: The value of `prepopulated_fields` must be a dictionary. - **admin.E027**: The value of `prepopulated_fields` refers to ``, which is not an attribute of ``. - **admin.E028**: The value of `prepopulated_fields` refers to ``, which must not be a `DateTimeField`, a `ForeignKey`, a `OneToOneField`, or a `ManyToManyField` field. - **admin.E029**: The value of `prepopulated_fields[]` must be a list or tuple. - **admin.E030**: The value of `prepopulated_fields` refers to ``, which is not an attribute of ``. - **admin.E031**: The value of `ordering` must be a list or tuple. - **admin.E032**: The value of `ordering` has the random ordering marker `?`, but contains other fields as well. - **admin.E033**: The value of `ordering` refers to ``, which is not an attribute of ``. - **admin.E034**: The value of `readonly_fields` must be a list or tuple. - **admin.E035**: The value of `readonly_fields[n]` is not a callable, an attribute of ``, or an attribute of ``. - **admin.E036**: The value of `autocomplete_fields` must be a list or tuple. - **admin.E037**: The value of `autocomplete_fields[n]` refers to ``, which is not an attribute of ``. - **admin.E038**: The value of `autocomplete_fields[n]` must be a foreign key or a many-to-many field. - **admin.E039**: An admin for model `` has to be registered to be referenced by `.autocomplete_fields`. - **admin.E040**: `` must define `search_fields`, because it's referenced by `.autocomplete_fields`. #### `ModelAdmin` The following checks are performed on any [`ModelAdmin`](/zh-hans/3.0/ref/contrib/admin/#django.contrib.admin.ModelAdmin) that is registered with the admin site: - **admin.E101**： `save_as` 的值必须是个布尔值。 - **admin.E102**： `save_on_top` 的值必须是个布尔值。 - **admin.E103**： `inlines` 的值必须是个列表或元组。 - **admin.E104**： `` 必须继承自 `InlineModelAdmin`。 - **admin.E105**： `` 必须有个 `model` 属性。 - **admin.E106**： `.model` 的值必须是个 `Model`。 - **admin.E107**： `list_display` 的值必须是个列表或元组。 - **admin.E108**: The value of `list_display[n]` refers to `