{"title":"系统检查框架","version":"3.0","locale":"zh-hans","docname":"ref/checks","url":"/zh-hans/3.0/ref/checks/","canonical":"https://djangodocs.dev/zh-hans/3.0/ref/checks/","summary":"系统检查框架是一组验证Django项目的静态检查。它检测到常见的问题，并提供了如何解决这些问题的提示。该框架是可扩展的，所以你可以轻松地添加自己的检查。","html":"

系统检查框架Link to this heading#

\n

系统检查框架是一组验证Django项目的静态检查。 它检测到常见的问题，并提供了如何解决这些问题的提示。 该框架是可扩展的，所以你可以轻松地添加自己的检查。

\n

有关如何添加自己的检查并将其与 Django 的系统检查集成的详细信息，请参阅：doc：系统检查主题指南</topics/checks>。

\n
\n

API 参考Link to this heading#

\n
\n

“CheckMessage”Link to this heading#

\n
\n
\nclass CheckMessage(level, msg, hint=None, obj=None, id=None)Link to this definition#
\n
\n\n

系统检查提出的警告和错误必须是“CheckMessage”的实例。 一个实例封装了一个可报告的错误或警告。 它还提供适用于消息的上下文和提示以及用于过滤目的的唯一标识符。

\n

构造方法的参数：

\n
\n
level

消息的严重性。 使用其中一个预定义的值：DEBUG，INFO，WARNING，ERROR，CRITICAL。 如果级别大于或等于“ERROR”，则Django将阻止执行管理命令。 级别低于“ERROR”的消息（即警告）被报告给控制台，但是可以被静默。

\n
\n
msg

用来描述问题的一个简短字符串(少于80个字符)。这个字符串不应该包含换行符。

\n
\n
hint

提供解决问题的提示的单行字符串。 如果不能提供提示，或者错误消息中的提示是显而易见的，则提示可以省略，或者可以使用“None”的值。

\n
\n
obj

Optional. An object providing context for the message (for example, the\nmodel where the problem was discovered). The object should be a model,\nfield, or manager or any other object that defines a __str__() method.\nThe method is used while reporting all messages and its result precedes the\nmessage.

\n
\n
id

Optional string. A unique identifier for the issue. Identifiers should\nfollow the pattern applabel.X001, where X is one of the letters\nCEWID, indicating the message severity (C for criticals, E for\nerrors and so). The number can be allocated by the application, but should\nbe unique within that application.

\n
\n
\n

有一些子类可以使创建通用级别的消息更简单。 当使用它们时，可以省略“level”参数，因为它是由类名所隐含的。

\n
\n
\nclass Debug(msg, hint=None, obj=None, id=None)Link to this definition#
\n
\n\n
\n
\nclass Info(msg, hint=None, obj=None, id=None)Link to this definition#
\n
\n\n
\n
\nclass Warning(msg, hint=None obj=None, id=None)Link to this definition#
\n
\n\n
\n
\nclass Error(msg, hint=None, obj=None, id=None)Link to this definition#
\n
\n\n
\n
\nclass Critical(msg, hint=None, obj=None, id=None)Link to this definition#
\n
\n\n
\n
\n
\n

内置标签Link to this heading#

\n

Django 的系统检查按以下标签组织：

\n\n

一些可能通过多个标签同时注册的检查项。

\n
\n
\n

核心系统检查Link to this heading#

\n
\n

向后兼容Link to this heading#

\n

兼容性检查警告那些升级 Django 后可能出现的问题。

\n\n
\n
\n

缓存Link to this heading#

\n

The following checks verify that your CACHES setting is correctly\nconfigured:

\n\n
\n
\n

数据库Link to this heading#

\n
\n

MySQLLink to this heading#

\n

如果您使用MySQL，需要执行以下检查：

\n
    \n

  • mysql.E001: MySQL does not allow unique CharFields to have a\nmax_length > 255.

    • \n

  • mysql.W002: MySQL Strict Mode is not set for database connection\n<alias>. See also Setting sql_mode.

    • \n
\n
\n
\n
\n

模型字段Link to this heading#

\n\n
\n

文件字段Link to this heading#

\n
    \n

  • fields.E200: unique is not a valid argument for a FileField.\nThis check is removed in Django 1.11.

    • \n

  • fields.E201： primary_key 对于 FileField 来说不是个有效的参数。

    • \n

  • fields.E202： FileField 的 upload_to 参数必须是个相对路径，而不是一个相对路径。

    • \n

  • fields.E210： 不能使用 ImageField，因为未安装 Pillow。

    • \n
\n
\n
\n

关联字段Link to this heading#

\n
    \n

  • fields.E300: Field defines a relation with model <model>, which is\neither not installed, or is abstract.

    • \n

  • fields.E301: Field defines a relation with the model <model> which\nhas been swapped out.

    • \n

  • fields.E302: Accessor for field <field name> clashes with field\n<field name>.

    • \n

  • fields.E303: Reverse query name for field <field name> clashes with\nfield <field name>.

    • \n

  • fields.E304: Field name <field name> clashes with accessor for\n<field name>.

    • \n

  • fields.E305: Field name <field name> clashes with reverse query name\nfor <field name>.

    • \n

  • fields.E306: Related name must be a valid Python identifier or end with\na '+'.

    • \n

  • fields.E307: The field <app label>.<model>.<field name> was declared\nwith a lazy reference to <app label>.<model>, but app <app label>\nisn't installed or doesn't provide model <model>.

    • \n

  • fields.E308: Reverse query name <related query name> must not end\nwith an underscore.

    • \n

  • fields.E309: Reverse query name <related query name> must not contain\n'__'.

    • \n

  • fields.E310: No subset of the fields <field1>, <field2>, ... on\nmodel <model> is unique.

    • \n

  • fields.E311: <model> must set unique=True because it is\nreferenced by a ForeignKey.

    • \n

  • fields.E312: The to_field <field name> doesn't exist on the\nrelated model <app label>.<model>.

    • \n

  • fields.E320: Field specifies on_delete=SET_NULL, but cannot be null.

    • \n

  • fields.E321: The field specifies on_delete=SET_DEFAULT, but has no\ndefault value.

    • \n

  • fields.E330: ManyToManyFields cannot be unique.

    • \n

  • fields.E331: Field specifies a many-to-many relation through model\n<model>, which has not been installed.

    • \n

  • fields.E332: Many-to-many fields with intermediate tables must not be\nsymmetrical. This check appeared before Django 3.0.

    • \n

  • fields.E333: The model is used as an intermediate model by <model>,\nbut it has more than two foreign keys to <model>, which is ambiguous.\nYou must specify which two foreign keys Django should use via the\nthrough_fields keyword argument.

    • \n

  • fields.E334: The model is used as an intermediate model by <model>,\nbut it has more than one foreign key from <model>, which is ambiguous.\nYou must specify which foreign key Django should use via the\nthrough_fields keyword argument.

    • \n

  • fields.E335: The model is used as an intermediate model by <model>,\nbut it has more than one foreign key to <model>, which is ambiguous.\nYou must specify which foreign key Django should use via the\nthrough_fields keyword argument.

    • \n

  • fields.E336: The model is used as an intermediary model by <model>,\nbut it does not have foreign key to <model> or <model>.

    • \n

  • fields.E337: Field specifies through_fields but does not provide the\nnames of the two link fields that should be used for the relation through\n<model>.

    • \n

  • fields.E338: The intermediary model <through model> has no field\n<field name>.

    • \n

  • fields.E339: <model>.<field name> is not a foreign key to <model>.

    • \n

  • fields.E340: The field's intermediary table <table name> clashes with\nthe table name of <model>/<model>.<field name>.

    • \n

  • fields.W340: null has no effect on ManyToManyField.

    • \n

  • fields.W341: ManyToManyField does not support validators.

    • \n

  • fields.W342: Setting unique=True on a ForeignKey has the same\neffect as using a OneToOneField.

    • \n

  • fields.W343: limit_choices_to has no effect on ManyToManyField\nwith a through model.

    • \n
\n
\n
\n
\n

模型Link to this heading#

\n\n
\n
\n

安全Link to this heading#

\n

The security checks do not make your site secure. They do not audit code, do\nintrusion detection, or do anything particularly complex. Rather, they help\nperform an automated, low-hanging-fruit checklist, that can help you to improve\nyour site's security.

\n

Some of these checks may not be appropriate for your particular deployment\nconfiguration. For instance, if you do your HTTP to HTTPS redirection in a load\nbalancer, it'd be irritating to be constantly warned about not having enabled\nSECURE_SSL_REDIRECT. Use SILENCED_SYSTEM_CHECKS to\nsilence unneeded checks.

\n

The following checks are run if you use the check --deploy option:

\n\n
\n
\n

信号Link to this heading#

\n\n
\n
\n

模板Link to this heading#

\n

The following checks verify that your TEMPLATES setting is correctly\nconfigured:

\n\n
\n
\n

翻译Link to this heading#

\n

The following checks are performed on your translation configuration:

\n\n
\n
\n

URLsLink to this heading#

\n

以下检查项针对你的 URL 配置执行：

\n\n
\n
\n
\n

contrib 应用检查Link to this heading#

\n
\n

adminLink to this heading#

\n

后台检查项均作为 admin 标签的一部分执行。

\n

以下检查项在每个通过后台站点注册的 ModelAdmin （或其子类）上执行。

\n\n
\n

ModelAdminLink to this heading#

\n

The following checks are performed on any\nModelAdmin that is registered\nwith the admin site:

\n
    \n

  • admin.E101： save_as 的值必须是个布尔值。

    • \n

  • admin.E102： save_on_top 的值必须是个布尔值。

    • \n

  • admin.E103： inlines 的值必须是个列表或元组。

    • \n

  • admin.E104： <InlineModelAdmin class> 必须继承自 InlineModelAdmin。

    • \n

  • admin.E105： <InlineModelAdmin class> 必须有个 model 属性。

    • \n

  • admin.E106： <InlineModelAdmin class>.model 的值必须是个 Model。

    • \n

  • admin.E107： list_display 的值必须是个列表或元组。

    • \n

  • admin.E108: The value of list_display[n] refers to <label>,\nwhich is not a callable, an attribute of <ModelAdmin class>, or an\nattribute or method on <model>.

    • \n

  • admin.E109： list_display[n] 的值绝对不能是个 ManyToManyField 字段。

    • \n

  • admin.E110: The value of list_display_links must be a list, a tuple,\nor None.

    • \n

  • admin.E111: The value of list_display_links[n] refers to <label>,\nwhich is not defined in list_display.

    • \n

  • admin.E112: The value of list_filter must be a list or tuple.

    • \n

  • admin.E113: The value of list_filter[n] must inherit from\nListFilter.

    • \n

  • admin.E114: The value of list_filter[n] must not inherit from\nFieldListFilter.

    • \n

  • admin.E115: The value of list_filter[n][1] must inherit from\nFieldListFilter.

    • \n

  • admin.E116: The value of list_filter[n] refers to <label>,\nwhich does not refer to a Field.

    • \n

  • admin.E117: The value of list_select_related must be a boolean,\ntuple or list.

    • \n

  • admin.E118: The value of list_per_page must be an integer.

    • \n

  • admin.E119: The value of list_max_show_all must be an integer.

    • \n

  • admin.E120: The value of list_editable must be a list or tuple.

    • \n

  • admin.E121: The value of list_editable[n] refers to <label>,\nwhich is not an attribute of <model>.

    • \n

  • admin.E122: The value of list_editable[n] refers to <label>,\nwhich is not contained in list_display.

    • \n

  • admin.E123: The value of list_editable[n] cannot be in both\nlist_editable and list_display_links.

    • \n

  • admin.E124: The value of list_editable[n] refers to the first field\nin list_display (<label>), which cannot be used unless\nlist_display_links is set.

    • \n

  • admin.E125: The value of list_editable[n] refers to <field name>,\nwhich is not editable through the admin.

    • \n

  • admin.E126: The value of search_fields must be a list or tuple.

    • \n

  • admin.E127: The value of date_hierarchy refers to <field name>,\nwhich does not refer to a Field.

    • \n

  • admin.E128: The value of date_hierarchy must be a DateField or\nDateTimeField.

    • \n

  • admin.E129: <modeladmin> must define a has_<foo>_permission()\nmethod for the <action> action.

    • \n

  • admin.E130: __name__ attributes of actions defined in\n<modeladmin> must be unique.

    • \n
\n
\n
\n

InlineModelAdminLink to this heading#

\n

The following checks are performed on any\nInlineModelAdmin that is registered as an\ninline on a ModelAdmin.

\n
    \n

  • admin.E201: Cannot exclude the field <field name>, because it is the\nforeign key to the parent model <app_label>.<model>.

    • \n

  • admin.E202: <model> has no ForeignKey to <parent model>./\n<model> has more than one ForeignKey to <parent model>.

    • \n

  • admin.E203: The value of extra must be an integer.

    • \n

  • admin.E204: The value of max_num must be an integer.

    • \n

  • admin.E205: The value of min_num must be an integer.

    • \n

  • admin.E206: The value of formset must inherit from\nBaseModelFormSet.

    • \n
\n
\n
\n

GenericInlineModelAdminLink to this heading#

\n

The following checks are performed on any\nGenericInlineModelAdmin that is\nregistered as an inline on a ModelAdmin.

\n
    \n

  • admin.E301: 'ct_field' references <label>, which is not a field\non <model>.

    • \n

  • admin.E302: 'ct_fk_field' references <label>, which is not a\nfield on <model>.

    • \n

  • admin.E303: <model> has no GenericForeignKey.

    • \n

  • admin.E304: <model> has no GenericForeignKey using content type\nfield <field name> and object ID field <field name>.

    • \n
\n
\n
\n

AdminSiteLink to this heading#

\n

The following checks are performed on the default\nAdminSite:

\n\n
\n
\n
\n

authLink to this heading#

\n\n
\n
\n

contenttypesLink to this heading#

\n

The following checks are performed when a model contains a\nGenericForeignKey or\nGenericRelation:

\n\n
\n
\n

postgresLink to this heading#

\n

The following checks are performed on django.contrib.postgres model\nfields:

\n\n
\n
\n

sitesLink to this heading#

\n

The following checks are performed on any model using a\nCurrentSiteManager:

\n\n
\n
\n

staticfilesLink to this heading#

\n

The following checks verify that django.contrib.staticfiles is correctly\nconfigured:

\n\n
\n
","rootId":"system-check-framework","toc":[{"title":"API 参考","anchor":"api-reference","children":[{"title":"“CheckMessage”","anchor":"checkmessage","children":[]}]},{"title":"内置标签","anchor":"builtin-tags","children":[]},{"title":"核心系统检查","anchor":"core-system-checks","children":[{"title":"向后兼容","anchor":"backwards-compatibility","children":[]},{"title":"缓存","anchor":"caches","children":[]},{"title":"数据库","anchor":"database","children":[{"title":"MySQL","anchor":"mysql","children":[]}]},{"title":"模型字段","anchor":"model-fields","children":[{"title":"文件字段","anchor":"file-fields","children":[]},{"title":"关联字段","anchor":"related-fields","children":[]}]},{"title":"模型","anchor":"models","children":[]},{"title":"安全","anchor":"security","children":[]},{"title":"信号","anchor":"signals","children":[]},{"title":"模板","anchor":"templates","children":[]},{"title":"翻译","anchor":"translation","children":[]},{"title":"URLs","anchor":"urls","children":[]}]},{"title":"contrib 应用检查","anchor":"contrib-app-checks","children":[{"title":"admin","anchor":"admin","children":[{"title":"ModelAdmin","anchor":"modeladmin","children":[]},{"title":"InlineModelAdmin","anchor":"inlinemodeladmin","children":[]},{"title":"GenericInlineModelAdmin","anchor":"genericinlinemodeladmin","children":[]},{"title":"AdminSite","anchor":"adminsite","children":[]}]},{"title":"auth","anchor":"auth","children":[]},{"title":"contenttypes","anchor":"contenttypes","children":[]},{"title":"postgres","anchor":"postgres","children":[]},{"title":"sites","anchor":"sites","children":[]},{"title":"staticfiles","anchor":"staticfiles","children":[]}]}],"breadcrumbs":[{"docname":"ref/index","title":"API参考","url":"/zh-hans/3.0/ref/"}],"prev":{"docname":"ref/applications","title":"应用","url":"/zh-hans/3.0/ref/applications/"},"next":{"docname":"ref/class-based-views/index","title":"Built-in class-based views API","url":"/zh-hans/3.0/ref/class-based-views/"},"formats":{"html":"/zh-hans/3.0/ref/checks/","markdown":"/zh-hans/3.0/ref/checks.md","json":"/zh-hans/3.0/ref/checks.json"},"source":"https://github.com/django/django/blob/stable/3.0.x/docs/ref/checks.txt","official":"https://docs.djangoproject.com/zh-hans/3.0/ref/checks/","inVersions":["6.1","6.0","5.2","5.1","5.0","4.2","4.1","4.0","3.2","3.1","3.0","2.2","2.1","2.0"],"inLocales":["en","zh-hans","fr","ja","id","pt-br","ko","es","el","pl"]}