{"title":"如何安装Django","version":"2.1","locale":"zh-hans","docname":"topics/install","url":"/zh-hans/2.1/topics/install/","canonical":"https://djangodocs.dev/zh-hans/2.1/topics/install/","summary":"本文档将帮助您使用Django。Django is a Python Web framework. See 我应该使用哪个版本的 Python 来配合 Django? for details.","html":"

如何安装DjangoLink to this heading#

\n

本文档将帮助您使用Django。

\n
\n

安装PythonLink to this heading#

\n

Django is a Python Web framework. See 我应该使用哪个版本的 Python 来配合 Django? for\ndetails.

\n

获取最新版本的Python可以通过：访问 https://www.python.org/downloads/ ；或者操作系统的包管理工具。

\n\n\n
\n
\n

安装Apache和 mod_wsgiLink to this heading#

\n

如果您只是想试验Django，请跳到下一部分；Django包含一个可用于测试的轻量级Web服务器，因此在准备好在生产环境中部署Django之前，您不需要设置Apache。

\n

如果要在生产站点上使用Django，请将 Apache 与 mod_wsgi 一起使用。 mod_wsgi以两种模式中的一种运行：嵌入模式或守护进程模式。在嵌入模式下，mod_wsgi类似于mod_perl —— 它在Apache中嵌入Python，并在服务器启动时将Python代码加载到内存中。代码在Apache进程的整个生命周期中都保留在内存中，与其他服务器相比，这可以显着提高性能。在守护进程模式下，mod_wsgi 会生成一个处理请求的独立守护进程。守护进程可以作为与Web服务器不同的用户运行，可能会提高安全性。可以在不重新启动整个Apache Web服务器的情况下重新启动守护进程，从而可以更加无缝地刷新代码库。请参阅mod_wsgi文档以确定适合您的设置的模式。确保你在安装了Apache并且启用了mod_wsgi模块。 Django将在任何支持mod_wsgi的Apache版本上工作。

\n

关于如何在安装后配置mod_wsgi模块，请查看 How to use Django with mod_wsgi 。

\n

如果由于某种原因你不能使用mod_wsgi，请不要担心： Django支持许多其他部署选项。一个是 uWSGI ；它和 nginx 配合使用很好。此外，Django遵循 WSGI 规范（ PEP 3333 ），允许它在各种服务器平台上运行。

\n
\n
\n

运行你的数据库Link to this heading#

\n

如果你打算使用Django的数据库API功能，则需要确保数据库服务器正在运行。Django支持很多不同的数据库服务器，并且正式支持 PostgreSQL， MySQL， Oracle 和 SQLite 。

\n

如果你正在开发一个简单的项目或者你不打算在生产环境中部署的东西，SQLite通常是最简单的选择，因为它不需要运行一个独立的服务器。但是，SQLite与其他数据库有许多不同之处，因此如果你正在开展大量工作，建议使用你计划在生产中使用的相同数据库进行开发。

\n

除了官方支持的数据库，还有 backends provided by 3rd parties 允许你在Django中使用其他数据库。

\n

除了数据库后端，你还要确保安装了Python数据库绑定。

\n\n

如果您打算使用Django的 manage.py migrate 命令为您的模型自动创建数据库表（在首次安装Django并创建项目之后），您需要确保Django有权在您正在使用的数据库中创建和更改表；如果你打算手动创建这些表，你可以只需授予Django SELECT，INSERT，UPDATE 和 ``DELETE``权限。创建具有这些权限的数据库用户后，您要在项目的配置文件中指定详细信息，请参阅 DATABASES 以获取详细信息。

\n

如果你正在使用Django的 testing framework 来测试数据库查询，Django将需要创建测试数据库的权限。

\n
\n
\n

安装Django代码Link to this heading#

\n

Installation instructions are slightly different depending on whether you're\ninstalling a distribution-specific package, downloading the latest official\nrelease, or fetching the latest development version.

\n

It's easy, no matter which way you choose.

\n
\n

Installing an official release with pipLink to this heading#

\n

This is the recommended way to install Django.

\n
    \n

  1. Install pip. The easiest is to use the standalone pip installer. If your\ndistribution already has pip installed, you might need to update it if\nit's outdated. If it's outdated, you'll know because installation won't\nwork.

    2. \n

  2. Take a look at virtualenv and virtualenvwrapper. These tools provide\nisolated Python environments, which are more practical than installing\npackages systemwide. They also allow installing packages without\nadministrator privileges. The contributing tutorial walks through how to create a virtualenv.

    3. \n

  3. After you've created and activated a virtual environment, enter the command:

    \n

    Linux / macOS

    Shell
    $ pip install Django\n
    \n

    Windows

    Windows
    ...\\> pip install Django\n
    \n
    4. \n
\n
\n
\n

Installing a distribution-specific packageLink to this heading#

\n

Check the distribution specific notes to see if\nyour platform/distribution provides official Django packages/installers.\nDistribution-provided packages will typically allow for automatic installation\nof dependencies and easy upgrade paths; however, these packages will rarely\ncontain the latest release of Django.

\n
\n
\n

Installing the development versionLink to this heading#

\n\n

If you'd like to be able to update your Django code occasionally with the\nlatest bug fixes and improvements, follow these instructions:

\n
    \n

  1. Make sure that you have Git installed and that you can run its commands\nfrom a shell. (Enter git help at a shell prompt to test this.)

    2. \n

  2. Check out Django's main development branch like so:

    \n

    Linux / macOS

    Shell
    $ git clone https://github.com/django/django.git\n
    \n

    Windows

    Windows
    ...\\> git clone https://github.com/django/django.git\n
    \n

    This will create a directory django in your current directory.

    \n
    3. \n

  3. Make sure that the Python interpreter can load Django's code. The most\nconvenient way to do this is to use virtualenv, virtualenvwrapper, and\npip. The contributing tutorial walks through\nhow to create a virtualenv.

    4. \n

  4. After setting up and activating the virtualenv, run the following command:

    \n

    Linux / macOS

    Shell
    $ pip install -e django/\n
    \n

    Windows

    Windows
    ...\\> pip install -e django\\\n
    \n

    This will make Django's code importable, and will also make the\ndjango-admin utility command available. In other words, you're all\nset!

    \n
    5. \n
\n

When you want to update your copy of the Django source code, just run the\ncommand git pull from within the django directory. When you do this,\nGit will automatically download any changes.

\n
\n
","rootId":"how-to-install-django","toc":[{"title":"安装Python","anchor":"install-python","children":[]},{"title":"安装Apache和 mod_wsgi","anchor":"install-apache-and-mod-wsgi","children":[]},{"title":"运行你的数据库","anchor":"get-your-database-running","children":[]},{"title":"安装Django代码","anchor":"install-the-django-code","children":[{"title":"Installing an official release with pip","anchor":"installing-an-official-release-with-pip","children":[]},{"title":"Installing a distribution-specific package","anchor":"installing-a-distribution-specific-package","children":[]},{"title":"Installing the development version","anchor":"installing-the-development-version","children":[]}]}],"breadcrumbs":[{"docname":"topics/index","title":"Using Django","url":"/zh-hans/2.1/topics/"}],"prev":{"docname":"topics/index","title":"Using Django","url":"/zh-hans/2.1/topics/"},"next":{"docname":"topics/db/index","title":"模型和数据库","url":"/zh-hans/2.1/topics/db/"},"formats":{"html":"/zh-hans/2.1/topics/install/","markdown":"/zh-hans/2.1/topics/install.md","json":"/zh-hans/2.1/topics/install.json"},"source":"https://github.com/django/django/blob/stable/2.1.x/docs/topics/install.txt","official":"https://docs.djangoproject.com/zh-hans/2.1/topics/install/","inVersions":["6.1","6.0","5.2","5.1","5.0","4.2","4.1","4.0","3.2","3.1","3.0","2.2","2.1","2.0"],"inLocales":["en","zh-hans","fr","ja","id","pt-br","ko","es","el","pl"]}