--- title: "Django 文档内容" version: 2.1 locale: zh-hans source: https://docs.djangoproject.com/zh-hans/2.1/contents/ canonical: https://djangodocs.dev/zh-hans/2.1/contents/ --- # Django 文档内容 - [开始](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/) - [初识 Django](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/overview/) - [设计模型](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/overview/#design-your-model) - [应用数据模型](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/overview/#install-it) - [享用便捷的 API](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/overview/#enjoy-the-free-api) - [一个动态管理接口：并非徒有其表](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/overview/#a-dynamic-admin-interface-it-s-not-just-scaffolding-it-s-the-whole-house) - [规划 URLs](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/overview/#design-your-urls) - [编写视图](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/overview/#write-your-views) - [设计模板](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/overview/#design-your-templates) - [这仅是基本入门知识](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/overview/#this-is-just-the-surface) - [快速安装指南](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/install/) - [安装 Python](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/install/#install-python) - [设置数据库](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/install/#set-up-a-database) - [安装 Django](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/install/#install-django) - [验证](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/install/#verifying) - [搞定！](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/install/#that-s-it) - [编写你的第一个 Django 应用，第 1 部分](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/tutorial01/) - [创建项目](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/tutorial01/#creating-a-project) - [用于开发的简易服务器](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/tutorial01/#the-development-server) - [创建投票应用](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/tutorial01/#creating-the-polls-app) - [编写第一个视图](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/tutorial01/#write-your-first-view) - [编写你的第一个 Django 应用，第 2 部分](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/tutorial02/) - [数据库配置](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/tutorial02/#database-setup) - [创建模型](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/tutorial02/#creating-models) - [激活模型](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/tutorial02/#activating-models) - [初试 API](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/tutorial02/#playing-with-the-api) - [介绍 Django 管理页面](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/tutorial02/#introducing-the-django-admin) - [编写你的第一个 Django 应用，第 3 部分](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/tutorial03/) - [概况](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/tutorial03/#overview) - [编写更多视图](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/tutorial03/#writing-more-views) - [写一个真正有用的视图](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/tutorial03/#write-views-that-actually-do-something) - [抛出 404 错误](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/tutorial03/#raising-a-404-error) - [使用模板系统](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/tutorial03/#use-the-template-system) - [去除模板中的硬编码 URL](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/tutorial03/#removing-hardcoded-urls-in-templates) - [为 URL 名称添加命名空间](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/tutorial03/#namespacing-url-names) - [编写你的第一个 Django 应用，第 4 部分](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/tutorial04/) - [编写一个简单的表单](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/tutorial04/#write-a-simple-form) - [使用通用视图：代码还是少点好](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/tutorial04/#use-generic-views-less-code-is-better) - [编写你的第一个 Django 应用，第 5 部分](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/tutorial05/) - [自动化测试简介](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/tutorial05/#introducing-automated-testing) - [基础测试策略](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/tutorial05/#basic-testing-strategies) - [开始写我们的第一个测试](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/tutorial05/#writing-our-first-test) - [测试视图](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/tutorial05/#test-a-view) - [当需要测试的时候，测试用例越多越好](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/tutorial05/#when-testing-more-is-better) - [深入代码测试](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/tutorial05/#further-testing) - [接下来要做什么？](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/tutorial05/#what-s-next) - [编写你的第一个 Django 应用，第 6 部分](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/tutorial06/) - [自定义 *应用* 的界面和风格](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/tutorial06/#customize-your-app-s-look-and-feel) - [添加一个背景图](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/tutorial06/#adding-a-background-image) - [编写你的第一个 Django 应用，第 7 部分](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/tutorial07/) - [自定义后台表单](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/tutorial07/#customize-the-admin-form) - [添加关联的对象](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/tutorial07/#adding-related-objects) - [自定义后台更改列表](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/tutorial07/#customize-the-admin-change-list) - [自定义后台界面和风格](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/tutorial07/#customize-the-admin-look-and-feel) - [自定义后台主页](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/tutorial07/#customize-the-admin-index-page) - [接下来要做什么？](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/tutorial07/#what-s-next) - [进阶指南：如何编写可重用程序](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/reusable-apps/) - [可重用性很重要](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/reusable-apps/#reusability-matters) - [你的项目和可复用应用](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/reusable-apps/#your-project-and-your-reusable-app) - [安装必须环境](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/reusable-apps/#installing-some-prerequisites) - [打包你的应用](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/reusable-apps/#packaging-your-app) - [使用你自己的包名](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/reusable-apps/#using-your-own-package) - [发布你的应用](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/reusable-apps/#publishing-your-app) - [通过 virtualenv 安装 Python 包](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/reusable-apps/#installing-python-packages-with-virtualenv) - [下一步看什么](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/whatsnext/) - [查找文档](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/whatsnext/#finding-documentation) - [文档是如何组成](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/whatsnext/#how-the-documentation-is-organized) - [这个文档是如何更新的](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/whatsnext/#how-documentation-is-updated) - [从哪里获取这个](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/whatsnext/#where-to-get-it) - [版本之间的差异](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/whatsnext/#differences-between-versions) - [编写你的第一个 Django 补丁](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/contributing/) - [介绍](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/contributing/#introduction) - [代码规范](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/contributing/#code-of-conduct) - [安装Git](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/contributing/#installing-git) - [获得一个 Django 开发版本的副本](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/contributing/#getting-a-copy-of-django-s-development-version) - [首先运行 Django 的测试套件](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/contributing/#running-django-s-test-suite-for-the-first-time) - [尝试搞定一项新功能](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/contributing/#working-on-a-feature) - [为你的补丁创建一个分支](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/contributing/#creating-a-branch-for-your-patch) - [为你的工单写一些测试用例](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/contributing/#writing-some-tests-for-your-ticket) - [为你的工单编写代码](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/contributing/#writing-the-code-for-your-ticket) - [第二次运行 Django 测试套件](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/contributing/#running-django-s-test-suite-for-the-second-time) - [书写文档](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/contributing/#writing-documentation) - [预览你的修改](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/contributing/#previewing-your-changes) - [提交补丁中的修改](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/contributing/#committing-the-changes-in-the-patch) - [推送这次提交并生成一个 pull 请求](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/contributing/#pushing-the-commit-and-making-a-pull-request) - [下一步](/zh-hans/2.1/intro/contributing/#next-steps) - [Using Django](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/) - [如何安装Django](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/install/) - [安装Python](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/install/#install-python) - [安装Apache和 `mod_wsgi`](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/install/#install-apache-and-mod-wsgi) - [运行你的数据库](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/install/#get-your-database-running) - [安装Django代码](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/install/#install-the-django-code) - [模型和数据库](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/db/) - [模型](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/db/models/) - [进行查询](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/db/queries/) - [聚合](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/db/aggregation/) - [搜索](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/db/search/) - [Managers](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/db/managers/) - [Performing raw SQL queries](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/db/sql/) - [数据库事务](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/db/transactions/) - [Multiple databases](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/db/multi-db/) - [Tablespaces](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/db/tablespaces/) - [Database access optimization](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/db/optimization/) - [Database instrumentation](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/db/instrumentation/) - [Examples of model relationship API usage](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/db/examples/) - [处理 HTTP 请求](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/http/) - [URL调度器](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/http/urls/) - [Writing views](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/http/views/) - [View decorators](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/http/decorators/) - [文件上传](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/http/file-uploads/) - [Django快捷函数](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/http/shortcuts/) - [通用视图](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/http/generic-views/) - [中间件](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/http/middleware/) - [如何使用会话](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/http/sessions/) - [使用表单](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/forms/) - [HTML表单](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/forms/#html-forms) - [Django在表单中的角色](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/forms/#django-s-role-in-forms) - [Django 中的表单](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/forms/#forms-in-django) - [构建一张表单](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/forms/#building-a-form) - [详解Django `Form` 类](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/forms/#more-about-django-form-classes) - [使用表单模板](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/forms/#working-with-form-templates) - [更多相关主题](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/forms/#further-topics) - [模板](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/templates/) - [模板引擎的支持](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/templates/#support-for-template-engines) - [The Django template language](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/templates/#the-django-template-language) - [基于类的视图](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/class-based-views/) - [基于类的视图](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/class-based-views/intro/) - [Built-in class-based generic views](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/class-based-views/generic-display/) - [Form handling with class-based views](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/class-based-views/generic-editing/) - [Using mixins with class-based views](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/class-based-views/mixins/) - [Basic examples](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/class-based-views/#basic-examples) - [Simple usage in your URLconf](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/class-based-views/#simple-usage-in-your-urlconf) - [Subclassing generic views](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/class-based-views/#subclassing-generic-views) - [Migrations](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/migrations/) - [The Commands](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/migrations/#the-commands) - [Backend Support](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/migrations/#backend-support) - [Workflow](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/migrations/#workflow) - [Dependencies](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/migrations/#dependencies) - [Migration files](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/migrations/#migration-files) - [Adding migrations to apps](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/migrations/#adding-migrations-to-apps) - [Historical models](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/migrations/#historical-models) - [Considerations when removing model fields](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/migrations/#considerations-when-removing-model-fields) - [Data Migrations](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/migrations/#data-migrations) - [Squashing migrations](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/migrations/#squashing-migrations) - [Serializing values](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/migrations/#serializing-values) - [Supporting multiple Django versions](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/migrations/#supporting-multiple-django-versions) - [Managing files](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/files/) - [Using files in models](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/files/#using-files-in-models) - [The `File` object](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/files/#the-file-object) - [File storage](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/files/#file-storage) - [Testing in Django](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/testing/) - [Writing and running tests](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/testing/overview/) - [Testing tools](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/testing/tools/) - [Advanced testing topics](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/testing/advanced/) - [Django中的用户认证](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/auth/) - [概况](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/auth/#overview) - [安装](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/auth/#installation) - [Usage](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/auth/#usage) - [Django's cache framework](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/cache/) - [Setting up the cache](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/cache/#setting-up-the-cache) - [The per-site cache](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/cache/#the-per-site-cache) - [The per-view cache](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/cache/#the-per-view-cache) - [Template fragment caching](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/cache/#template-fragment-caching) - [The low-level cache API](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/cache/#the-low-level-cache-api) - [下游缓存](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/cache/#downstream-caches) - [使用 `Vary` 标头](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/cache/#using-vary-headers) - [使用其他标头控制高速缓存](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/cache/#controlling-cache-using-other-headers) - [ \`\`MIDDLEWARE\`\`顺序](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/cache/#order-of-middleware) - [Conditional View Processing](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/conditional-view-processing/) - [The `condition` decorator](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/conditional-view-processing/#the-condition-decorator) - [Shortcuts for only computing one value](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/conditional-view-processing/#shortcuts-for-only-computing-one-value) - [Using the decorators with other HTTP methods](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/conditional-view-processing/#using-the-decorators-with-other-http-methods) - [Comparison with middleware conditional processing](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/conditional-view-processing/#comparison-with-middleware-conditional-processing) - [Cryptographic signing](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/signing/) - [Protecting the `SECRET_KEY`](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/signing/#protecting-the-secret-key) - [Using the low-level API](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/signing/#using-the-low-level-api) - [Sending email](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/email/) - [快速上手](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/email/#quick-example) - [`send_mail()`](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/email/#send-mail) - [`send_mass_mail()`](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/email/#send-mass-mail) - [`mail_admins()`](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/email/#mail-admins) - [`mail_managers()`](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/email/#mail-managers) - [示例](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/email/#examples) - [Preventing header injection](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/email/#preventing-header-injection) - [The `EmailMessage` class](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/email/#the-emailmessage-class) - [Email backends](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/email/#email-backends) - [Configuring email for development](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/email/#configuring-email-for-development) - [国际化和本地化](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/i18n/) - [概况](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/i18n/#overview) - [Definitions](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/i18n/#definitions) - [日志](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/logging/) - [日志管理快速入门](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/logging/#a-quick-logging-primer) - [使用 logging 模块](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/logging/#using-logging) - [日志模块的配置](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/logging/#configuring-logging) - [Django's logging extensions](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/logging/#django-s-logging-extensions) - [Django's default logging configuration](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/logging/#django-s-default-logging-configuration) - [分页](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/pagination/) - [例如](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/pagination/#example) - [在视图中使用 `Paginator`](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/pagination/#using-paginator-in-a-view) - [`Paginator` 对象](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/pagination/#paginator-objects) - [`InvalidPage` exceptions](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/pagination/#invalidpage-exceptions) - [`Page` objects](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/pagination/#page-objects) - [Security in Django](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/security/) - [Cross site scripting (XSS) protection](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/security/#cross-site-scripting-xss-protection) - [Cross site request forgery (CSRF) protection](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/security/#cross-site-request-forgery-csrf-protection) - [SQL injection protection](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/security/#sql-injection-protection) - [Clickjacking protection](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/security/#clickjacking-protection) - [SSL/HTTPS](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/security/#ssl-https) - [Host header validation](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/security/#host-header-validation) - [Session security](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/security/#session-security) - [User-uploaded content](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/security/#user-uploaded-content) - [Additional security topics](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/security/#additional-security-topics) - [性能和优化](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/performance/) - [介绍](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/performance/#introduction) - [一般方法](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/performance/#general-approaches) - [Caching](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/performance/#caching) - [Understanding laziness](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/performance/#understanding-laziness) - [Databases](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/performance/#databases) - [HTTP performance](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/performance/#http-performance) - [Template performance](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/performance/#template-performance) - [Using different versions of available software](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/performance/#using-different-versions-of-available-software) - [Serializing Django objects](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/serialization/) - [Serializing data](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/serialization/#serializing-data) - [Deserializing data](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/serialization/#deserializing-data) - [Serialization formats](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/serialization/#serialization-formats) - [Natural keys](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/serialization/#natural-keys) - [Django settings](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/settings/) - [基础](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/settings/#the-basics) - [指定配置文件](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/settings/#designating-the-settings) - [默认配置](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/settings/#default-settings) - [在Python代码中使用settings](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/settings/#using-settings-in-python-code) - [运行时更改设置](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/settings/#altering-settings-at-runtime) - [安全](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/settings/#security) - [可用的配置项](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/settings/#available-settings) - [创建你自己的配置文件](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/settings/#creating-your-own-settings) - [Using settings without setting `DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE`](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/settings/#using-settings-without-setting-django-settings-module) - [信号](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/signals/) - [Listening to signals](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/signals/#listening-to-signals) - [Defining and sending signals](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/signals/#defining-and-sending-signals) - [Disconnecting signals](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/signals/#disconnecting-signals) - [系统检查框架](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/checks/) - [Writing your own checks](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/checks/#writing-your-own-checks) - [External packages](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/external-packages/) - [Localflavor](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/external-packages/#localflavor) - [注释(Comments)](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/external-packages/#comments) - [Formtools](/zh-hans/2.1/topics/external-packages/#formtools) - ["How-to" guides](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/) - [使用 `REMOTE_USER` 进行身份验证](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/auth-remote-user/) - [配置](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/auth-remote-user/#configuration) - [仅在登录界面使用 `REMOTE_USER`](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/auth-remote-user/#using-remote-user-on-login-pages-only) - [编写自定义 `django-admin` 的命令](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/custom-management-commands/) - [接受可选参数](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/custom-management-commands/#accepting-optional-arguments) - [Management commands and locales](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/custom-management-commands/#management-commands-and-locales) - [测试中](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/custom-management-commands/#testing) - [覆盖命令](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/custom-management-commands/#overriding-commands) - [命令对象](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/custom-management-commands/#command-objects) - [编写自定义 model fields](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/custom-model-fields/) - [介绍](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/custom-model-fields/#introduction) - [背后的理论](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/custom-model-fields/#background-theory) - [编写一个 field 子类](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/custom-model-fields/#writing-a-field-subclass) - [编写一个 `FileField` 子类](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/custom-model-fields/#writing-a-filefield-subclass) - [自定义查找](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/custom-lookups/) - [一个简单的查找示例](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/custom-lookups/#a-simple-lookup-example) - [让我们举一个简单的转换器示例](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/custom-lookups/#a-simple-transformer-example) - [编写一个高效的 `abs__lt` 查找](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/custom-lookups/#writing-an-efficient-abs-lt-lookup) - [A bilateral transformer example](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/custom-lookups/#a-bilateral-transformer-example) - [为现有的查找编写代替实现](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/custom-lookups/#writing-alternative-implementations-for-existing-lookups) - [How Django determines the lookups and transforms which are used](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/custom-lookups/#how-django-determines-the-lookups-and-transforms-which-are-used) - [自定义模板（template）的标签（tags）和过滤器（filters）](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/custom-template-tags/) - [Code layout](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/custom-template-tags/#code-layout) - [编写自定义的模板过滤器](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/custom-template-tags/#writing-custom-template-filters) - [Writing custom template tags](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/custom-template-tags/#writing-custom-template-tags) - [编写一个自定义存储系统](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/custom-file-storage/) - [部署Django](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/deployment/) - [如何使用 WSGI 进行部署](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/deployment/wsgi/) - [部署清单](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/deployment/checklist/) - [升级 Django 到最新的版本](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/upgrade-version/) - [Required Reading](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/upgrade-version/#required-reading) - [Dependencies](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/upgrade-version/#dependencies) - [Resolving deprecation warnings](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/upgrade-version/#resolving-deprecation-warnings) - [安装](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/upgrade-version/#installation) - [测试中](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/upgrade-version/#testing) - [Deployment](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/upgrade-version/#deployment) - [发送错误](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/error-reporting/) - [通过邮件方式报告](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/error-reporting/#email-reports) - [Filtering error reports](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/error-reporting/#filtering-error-reports) - [为模型提供初始化的数据](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/initial-data/) - [Providing initial data with migrations](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/initial-data/#providing-initial-data-with-migrations) - [Providing data with fixtures](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/initial-data/#providing-data-with-fixtures) - [基于 Jython 的 Django](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/jython/) - [Integrating Django with a legacy database](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/legacy-databases/) - [Give Django your database parameters](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/legacy-databases/#give-django-your-database-parameters) - [Auto-generate the models](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/legacy-databases/#auto-generate-the-models) - [Install the core Django tables](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/legacy-databases/#install-the-core-django-tables) - [Test and tweak](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/legacy-databases/#test-and-tweak) - [Outputting CSV with Django](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/outputting-csv/) - [Using the Python CSV library](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/outputting-csv/#using-the-python-csv-library) - [Using the template system](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/outputting-csv/#using-the-template-system) - [Other text-based formats](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/outputting-csv/#other-text-based-formats) - [Outputting PDFs with Django](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/outputting-pdf/) - [Install ReportLab](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/outputting-pdf/#install-reportlab) - [Write your view](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/outputting-pdf/#write-your-view) - [Other formats](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/outputting-pdf/#other-formats) - [Overriding templates](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/overriding-templates/) - [Overriding from the project's templates directory](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/overriding-templates/#overriding-from-the-project-s-templates-directory) - [Overriding from an app's template directory](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/overriding-templates/#overriding-from-an-app-s-template-directory) - [Managing static files (e.g. images, JavaScript, CSS)](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/static-files/) - [Configuring static files](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/static-files/#configuring-static-files) - [Serving static files during development](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/static-files/#serving-static-files-during-development) - [Serving files uploaded by a user during development](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/static-files/#serving-files-uploaded-by-a-user-during-development) - [测试中](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/static-files/#testing) - [Deployment](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/static-files/#deployment) - [了解更多](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/static-files/#learn-more) - [Deploying static files](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/static-files/deployment/) - [Serving static files in production](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/static-files/deployment/#serving-static-files-in-production) - [了解更多](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/static-files/deployment/#learn-more) - [如何在Windows上安装Django](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/windows/) - [安装Python](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/windows/#install-python) - [关于 `pip`](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/windows/#about-pip) - [安装 `virtualenv` 和 `virtualenvwrapper`](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/windows/#install-virtualenv-and-virtualenvwrapper) - [安装Django](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/windows/#install-django) - [Common pitfalls](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/windows/#common-pitfalls) - [Writing database migrations](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/writing-migrations/) - [Data migrations and multiple databases](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/writing-migrations/#data-migrations-and-multiple-databases) - [Migrations that add unique fields](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/writing-migrations/#migrations-that-add-unique-fields) - [Controlling the order of migrations](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/writing-migrations/#controlling-the-order-of-migrations) - [在第三方应用程序中迁移数据](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/writing-migrations/#migrating-data-between-third-party-apps) - [将非托管模型变为托管的](/zh-hans/2.1/howto/writing-migrations/#changing-an-unmanaged-model-to-managed) - [Django FAQ](/zh-hans/2.1/faq/) - [FAQ: 概述](/zh-hans/2.1/faq/general/) - [这个项目因何存在。](/zh-hans/2.1/faq/general/#why-does-this-project-exist) - [“Django”是什么意思，怎么发音？](/zh-hans/2.1/faq/general/#what-does-django-mean-and-how-do-you-pronounce-it) - [Django 稳定吗?](/zh-hans/2.1/faq/general/#is-django-stable) - [Django 可扩展吗?](/zh-hans/2.1/faq/general/#does-django-scale) - [谁在这背后？](/zh-hans/2.1/faq/general/#who-s-behind-this) - [哪些站点使用 Django?](/zh-hans/2.1/faq/general/#which-sites-use-django) - [Django 似乎是一个 MVC 框架，但是您将控制器称为“视图”，并视图称为“模板”。 为什么不使用标准命名？](/zh-hans/2.1/faq/general/#django-appears-to-be-a-mvc-framework-but-you-call-the-controller-the-view-and-the-view-the-template-how-come-you-don-t-use-the-standard-names) - [\可以做到\--为什么 Django 不能呢？](/zh-hans/2.1/faq/general/#framework-x-does-feature-y-why-doesn-t-django) - [为什么你要从头开始写所有的 Django 项目，而不是使用其他 Python 库？](/zh-hans/2.1/faq/general/#why-did-you-write-all-of-django-from-scratch-instead-of-using-other-python-libraries) - [Django 是个内容管理系统(CMS)吗?](/zh-hans/2.1/faq/general/#is-django-a-content-management-system-cms) - [我如何下载 Django 文档进行离线阅读？](/zh-hans/2.1/faq/general/#how-can-i-download-the-django-documentation-to-read-it-offline) - [如何引用 Django？](/zh-hans/2.1/faq/general/#how-do-i-cite-django) - [FAQ：安装](/zh-hans/2.1/faq/install/) - [如何开始？](/zh-hans/2.1/faq/install/#how-do-i-get-started) - [使用Django，需要做好什么准备？](/zh-hans/2.1/faq/install/#what-are-django-s-prerequisites) - [我应该使用哪个版本的 Python 来配合 Django?](/zh-hans/2.1/faq/install/#what-python-version-can-i-use-with-django) - [我应该选用什么版本的 Python 来使用 Django ？](/zh-hans/2.1/faq/install/#what-python-version-should-i-use-with-django) - [我应该使用稳定版本还是开发版本？](/zh-hans/2.1/faq/install/#should-i-use-the-stable-version-or-development-version) - [FAQ: 使用Django](/zh-hans/2.1/faq/usage/) - [为什么我在导入 DJANGO\_SETTINGS\_MODULE 时收到错误提示？](/zh-hans/2.1/faq/usage/#why-do-i-get-an-error-about-importing-django-settings-module) - [我不喜欢 Django 的模板语言，能不能不使用它？](/zh-hans/2.1/faq/usage/#i-can-t-stand-your-template-language-do-i-have-to-use-it) - [我是否必须使用你的模型/数据库层？](/zh-hans/2.1/faq/usage/#do-i-have-to-use-your-model-database-layer) - [我要怎么使用图片和文件字段？](/zh-hans/2.1/faq/usage/#how-do-i-use-image-and-file-fields) - [我如何让一个变量可用于我的所有模板之中？](/zh-hans/2.1/faq/usage/#how-do-i-make-a-variable-available-to-all-my-templates) - [FAQ:获取帮助](/zh-hans/2.1/faq/help/) - [我该如何做 X？Y为什么不工作？我可以去哪里寻求帮助？](/zh-hans/2.1/faq/help/#how-do-i-do-x-why-doesn-t-y-work-where-can-i-go-to-get-help) - [为什么我的信息没有出现在 \`django-users\`上面？](/zh-hans/2.1/faq/help/#why-hasn-t-my-message-appeared-on-django-users) - [没人在 Django-users 邮件列表上回答我的问题！我应该怎么办呢？](/zh-hans/2.1/faq/help/#nobody-on-django-users-answered-my-question-what-should-i-do) - [我认为我找到了个bug！我应该做什么呢？](/zh-hans/2.1/faq/help/#i-think-i-ve-found-a-bug-what-should-i-do) - [我认为我已经发现了个安全问题！我应该做什么？](/zh-hans/2.1/faq/help/#i-think-i-ve-found-a-security-problem-what-should-i-do) - [FAQ：数据库和模型](/zh-hans/2.1/faq/models/) - [我该如何在Django运行的过程中看到SQL查询？](/zh-hans/2.1/faq/models/#how-can-i-see-the-raw-sql-queries-django-is-running) - [我可以让Django用一个之前已经存在的数据库吗？](/zh-hans/2.1/faq/models/#can-i-use-django-with-a-pre-existing-database) - [如果我对一个模型做了改动，我该如何去更新数据库？](/zh-hans/2.1/faq/models/#if-i-make-changes-to-a-model-how-do-i-update-the-database) - [Django支持多列主键吗？](/zh-hans/2.1/faq/models/#do-django-models-support-multiple-column-primary-keys) - [Django 支持 NoSQL 数据库吗？](/zh-hans/2.1/faq/models/#does-django-support-nosql-databases) - [如何将特定于数据库的选项添加到我的 CREATE TABLE 语句中，例如将 MylSAM 指定为表类型？](/zh-hans/2.1/faq/models/#how-do-i-add-database-specific-options-to-my-create-table-statements-such-as-specifying-myisam-as-the-table-type) - [FAQ: 管理](/zh-hans/2.1/faq/admin/) - [无法登录。当我输入有效的用户名和密码后，页面再跳转到登录页面，没有显示任何错误信息。](/zh-hans/2.1/faq/admin/#i-can-t-log-in-when-i-enter-a-valid-username-and-password-it-just-brings-up-the-login-page-again-with-no-error-messages) - [我无法登陆。当我输入有效的用户名和密码后，它又跳转到了登录界面，并且显示一个“请输入正确的用户名和密码”的错误。](/zh-hans/2.1/faq/admin/#i-can-t-log-in-when-i-enter-a-valid-username-and-password-it-brings-up-the-login-page-again-with-a-please-enter-a-correct-username-and-password-error) - [在管理面板中，如何将字段的值自动设置为最后编辑它的用户？](/zh-hans/2.1/faq/admin/#how-do-i-automatically-set-a-field-s-value-to-the-user-who-last-edited-the-object-in-the-admin) - [我们如何设定管理权限，以便对象只能由创建它们的用户进行编辑？](/zh-hans/2.1/faq/admin/#how-do-i-limit-admin-access-so-that-objects-can-only-be-edited-by-the-users-who-created-them) - [管理界面的 CSS 和图片在开发模式下正常加载，但是在使用 mod\_wsgi 进行部署的情况下却无法进行加载？](/zh-hans/2.1/faq/admin/#my-admin-site-css-and-images-showed-up-fine-using-the-development-server-but-they-re-not-displaying-when-using-mod-wsgi) - [我的“list\_filter”包含一个 ManyToManyField (多对多字段)，但过滤器不显示](/zh-hans/2.1/faq/admin/#my-list-filter-contains-a-manytomanyfield-but-the-filter-doesn-t-display) - [有些对象没有在管理中出现。](/zh-hans/2.1/faq/admin/#some-objects-aren-t-appearing-in-the-admin) - [如何个性化管理员后台接口的功能？](/zh-hans/2.1/faq/admin/#how-can-i-customize-the-functionality-of-the-admin-interface) - [动态生成的管理页面太丑了。我该怎么换掉它？](/zh-hans/2.1/faq/admin/#the-dynamically-generated-admin-site-is-ugly-how-can-i-change-it) - [Admin 适配了哪些浏览器？](/zh-hans/2.1/faq/admin/#what-browsers-are-supported-for-using-the-admin) - [FAQ: 贡献代码](/zh-hans/2.1/faq/contributing/) - [如何为 Django 贡献代码?](/zh-hans/2.1/faq/contributing/#how-can-i-get-started-contributing-code-to-django) - [我几周之前提交了一个工单系统 bug 的修复。为什么忽略我的提议？](/zh-hans/2.1/faq/contributing/#i-submitted-a-bug-fix-in-the-ticket-system-several-weeks-ago-why-are-you-ignoring-my-patch) - [何时以及如何提醒团队我所关注的补丁？](/zh-hans/2.1/faq/contributing/#when-and-how-might-i-remind-the-team-of-a-patch-i-care-about) - [但是我已经提醒你好几遍了，你依然继续忽略我的补丁！](/zh-hans/2.1/faq/contributing/#but-i-ve-reminded-you-several-times-and-you-keep-ignoring-my-patch) - [错误调试](/zh-hans/2.1/faq/troubleshooting/) - [运行\`\`django-admin\`\`时遇到的问题](/zh-hans/2.1/faq/troubleshooting/#problems-running-django-admin) - [杂项](/zh-hans/2.1/faq/troubleshooting/#miscellaneous) - [API Reference](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/) - [Applications](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/applications/) - [Projects and applications](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/applications/#projects-and-applications) - [Configuring applications](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/applications/#configuring-applications) - [Application configuration](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/applications/#application-configuration) - [Application registry](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/applications/#application-registry) - [Initialization process](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/applications/#initialization-process) - [System check framework](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/checks/) - [API reference](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/checks/#api-reference) - [Builtin tags](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/checks/#builtin-tags) - [Core system checks](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/checks/#core-system-checks) - [`contrib` app checks](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/checks/#contrib-app-checks) - [Built-in class-based views API](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/class-based-views/) - [Base views](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/class-based-views/base/) - [Generic display views](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/class-based-views/generic-display/) - [Generic editing views](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/class-based-views/generic-editing/) - [Generic date views](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/class-based-views/generic-date-based/) - [Class-based views mixins](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/class-based-views/mixins/) - [Class-based generic views - flattened index](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/class-based-views/flattened-index/) - [Specification](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/class-based-views/#specification) - [Base vs Generic views](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/class-based-views/#base-vs-generic-views) - [Clickjacking Protection](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/clickjacking/) - [An example of clickjacking](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/clickjacking/#an-example-of-clickjacking) - [Preventing clickjacking](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/clickjacking/#preventing-clickjacking) - [How to use it](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/clickjacking/#how-to-use-it) - [Limitations](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/clickjacking/#limitations) - [`contrib` packages](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/contrib/) - [The Django admin site](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/contrib/admin/) - [`django.contrib.auth`](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/contrib/auth/) - [The contenttypes framework](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/contrib/contenttypes/) - [The flatpages app](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/contrib/flatpages/) - [GeoDjango](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/contrib/gis/) - [`django.contrib.humanize`](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/contrib/humanize/) - [The messages framework](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/contrib/messages/) - [`django.contrib.postgres`](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/contrib/postgres/) - [The redirects app](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/contrib/redirects/) - [The sitemap framework](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/contrib/sitemaps/) - [The "sites" framework](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/contrib/sites/) - [The `staticfiles` app](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/contrib/staticfiles/) - [The syndication feed framework](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/contrib/syndication/) - [`admin`](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/contrib/#admin) - [`auth`](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/contrib/#auth) - [`contenttypes`](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/contrib/#contenttypes) - [`flatpages`](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/contrib/#flatpages) - [`gis`](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/contrib/#gis) - [`humanize`](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/contrib/#humanize) - [`messages`](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/contrib/#messages) - [`postgres`](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/contrib/#postgres) - [`redirects`](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/contrib/#redirects) - [`sessions`](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/contrib/#sessions) - [`sites`](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/contrib/#sites) - [`sitemaps`](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/contrib/#sitemaps) - [`syndication`](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/contrib/#syndication) - [Other add-ons](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/contrib/#other-add-ons) - [Cross Site Request Forgery protection](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/csrf/) - [How to use it](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/csrf/#how-to-use-it) - [Rejected requests](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/csrf/#rejected-requests) - [How it works](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/csrf/#how-it-works) - [Caching](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/csrf/#caching) - [Testing](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/csrf/#testing) - [Limitations](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/csrf/#limitations) - [Edge cases](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/csrf/#edge-cases) - [Contrib and reusable apps](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/csrf/#contrib-and-reusable-apps) - [Settings](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/csrf/#settings) - [Frequently Asked Questions](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/csrf/#frequently-asked-questions) - [Databases](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/databases/) - [General notes](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/databases/#general-notes) - [PostgreSQL notes](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/databases/#postgresql-notes) - [MySQL notes](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/databases/#mysql-notes) - [SQLite notes](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/databases/#sqlite-notes) - [Oracle notes](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/databases/#oracle-notes) - [Using a 3rd-party database backend](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/databases/#using-a-3rd-party-database-backend) - [`django-admin` and `manage.py`](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/django-admin/) - [Usage](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/django-admin/#usage) - [Available commands](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/django-admin/#available-commands) - [Commands provided by applications](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/django-admin/#commands-provided-by-applications) - [Default options](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/django-admin/#default-options) - [Extra niceties](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/django-admin/#extra-niceties) - [Running management commands from your code](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/django-admin/#running-management-commands-from-your-code) - [Output redirection](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/django-admin/#output-redirection) - [Django Exceptions](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/exceptions/) - [Django Core Exceptions](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/exceptions/#module-django.core.exceptions) - [URL Resolver exceptions](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/exceptions/#url-resolver-exceptions) - [Database Exceptions](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/exceptions/#database-exceptions) - [Http Exceptions](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/exceptions/#http-exceptions) - [Transaction Exceptions](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/exceptions/#transaction-exceptions) - [Testing Framework Exceptions](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/exceptions/#testing-framework-exceptions) - [Python Exceptions](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/exceptions/#python-exceptions) - [File handling](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/files/) - [The `File` object](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/files/file/) - [File storage API](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/files/storage/) - [Uploaded Files and Upload Handlers](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/files/uploads/) - [Forms](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/forms/) - [The Forms API](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/forms/api/) - [Form fields](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/forms/fields/) - [Model Form Functions](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/forms/models/) - [Formset Functions](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/forms/formsets/) - [The form rendering API](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/forms/renderers/) - [Widgets](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/forms/widgets/) - [Form and field validation](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/forms/validation/) - [Middleware](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/middleware/) - [Available middleware](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/middleware/#available-middleware) - [Middleware ordering](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/middleware/#middleware-ordering) - [Migration Operations](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/migration-operations/) - [Schema Operations](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/migration-operations/#schema-operations) - [Special Operations](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/migration-operations/#special-operations) - [Writing your own](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/migration-operations/#writing-your-own) - [Models](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/models/) - [Model field reference](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/models/fields/) - [Field attribute reference](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/models/fields/#field-attribute-reference) - [Model index reference](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/models/indexes/) - [Model `_meta` API](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/models/meta/) - [Related objects reference](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/models/relations/) - [Model class reference](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/models/class/) - [Model `Meta` options](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/models/options/) - [Model instance reference](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/models/instances/) - [`QuerySet` API reference](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/models/querysets/) - [Lookup API reference](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/models/lookups/) - [Query Expressions](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/models/expressions/) - [Conditional Expressions](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/models/conditional-expressions/) - [Database Functions](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/models/database-functions/) - [Request and response objects](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/request-response/) - [Quick overview](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/request-response/#quick-overview) - [`HttpRequest` objects](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/request-response/#httprequest-objects) - [`QueryDict` objects](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/request-response/#querydict-objects) - [`HttpResponse` objects](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/request-response/#httpresponse-objects) - [`JsonResponse` objects](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/request-response/#jsonresponse-objects) - [`StreamingHttpResponse` objects](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/request-response/#streaminghttpresponse-objects) - [`FileResponse` objects](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/request-response/#fileresponse-objects) - [`SchemaEditor`](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/schema-editor/) - [Methods](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/schema-editor/#methods) - [Attributes](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/schema-editor/#attributes) - [Settings](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/settings/) - [Core Settings](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/settings/#core-settings) - [Auth](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/settings/#auth) - [Messages](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/settings/#messages) - [Sessions](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/settings/#sessions) - [Sites](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/settings/#sites) - [Static Files](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/settings/#static-files) - [Core Settings Topical Index](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/settings/#core-settings-topical-index) - [Signals](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/signals/) - [Model signals](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/signals/#module-django.db.models.signals) - [Management signals](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/signals/#management-signals) - [Request/response signals](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/signals/#module-django.core.signals) - [Test signals](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/signals/#module-django.test.signals) - [Database Wrappers](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/signals/#module-django.db.backends) - [Templates](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/templates/) - [The Django template language](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/templates/language/) - [Built-in template tags and filters](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/templates/builtins/) - [The Django template language: for Python programmers](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/templates/api/) - [`TemplateResponse` and `SimpleTemplateResponse`](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/template-response/) - [`SimpleTemplateResponse` objects](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/template-response/#simpletemplateresponse-objects) - [`TemplateResponse` objects](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/template-response/#templateresponse-objects) - [The rendering process](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/template-response/#the-rendering-process) - [Using `TemplateResponse` and `SimpleTemplateResponse`](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/template-response/#using-templateresponse-and-simpletemplateresponse) - [Unicode data](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/unicode/) - [Creating the database](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/unicode/#creating-the-database) - [General string handling](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/unicode/#general-string-handling) - [Models](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/unicode/#models) - [Templates](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/unicode/#templates) - [Files](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/unicode/#files) - [Form submission](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/unicode/#form-submission) - [`django.urls` utility functions](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/urlresolvers/) - [`reverse()`](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/urlresolvers/#reverse) - [`reverse_lazy()`](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/urlresolvers/#reverse-lazy) - [`resolve()`](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/urlresolvers/#resolve) - [`get_script_prefix()`](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/urlresolvers/#get-script-prefix) - [`django.urls` functions for use in URLconfs](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/urls/) - [`path()`](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/urls/#path) - [`re_path()`](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/urls/#re-path) - [`include()`](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/urls/#include) - [`register_converter()`](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/urls/#register-converter) - [`django.conf.urls` functions for use in URLconfs](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/urls/#module-django.conf.urls) - [`static()`](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/urls/#static) - [`url()`](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/urls/#url) - [`handler400`](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/urls/#handler400) - [`handler403`](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/urls/#handler403) - [`handler404`](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/urls/#handler404) - [`handler500`](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/urls/#handler500) - [Django Utils](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/utils/) - [`django.utils.cache`](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/utils/#module-django.utils.cache) - [`django.utils.dateparse`](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/utils/#module-django.utils.dateparse) - [`django.utils.decorators`](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/utils/#module-django.utils.decorators) - [`django.utils.encoding`](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/utils/#module-django.utils.encoding) - [`django.utils.feedgenerator`](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/utils/#module-django.utils.feedgenerator) - [`django.utils.functional`](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/utils/#module-django.utils.functional) - [`django.utils.html`](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/utils/#module-django.utils.html) - [`django.utils.http`](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/utils/#module-django.utils.http) - [`django.utils.module_loading`](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/utils/#module-django.utils.module_loading) - [`django.utils.safestring`](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/utils/#module-django.utils.safestring) - [`django.utils.text`](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/utils/#module-django.utils.text) - [`django.utils.timezone`](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/utils/#module-django.utils.timezone) - [`django.utils.translation`](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/utils/#module-django.utils.translation) - [Validators](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/validators/) - [Writing validators](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/validators/#writing-validators) - [How validators are run](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/validators/#how-validators-are-run) - [Built-in validators](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/validators/#built-in-validators) - [Built-in Views](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/views/) - [Serving files in development](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/views/#serving-files-in-development) - [Error views](/zh-hans/2.1/ref/views/#error-views) - [元文件和杂记](/zh-hans/2.1/misc/) - [API 的稳定性](/zh-hans/2.1/misc/api-stability/) - [什么是“稳定性”？](/zh-hans/2.1/misc/api-stability/#what-stable-means) - [稳定的API](/zh-hans/2.1/misc/api-stability/#stable-apis) - [例外](/zh-hans/2.1/misc/api-stability/#exceptions) - [设计理念](/zh-hans/2.1/misc/design-philosophies/) - [总体](/zh-hans/2.1/misc/design-philosophies/#overall) - [模型](/zh-hans/2.1/misc/design-philosophies/#models) - [数据库API](/zh-hans/2.1/misc/design-philosophies/#database-api) - [URL 设计](/zh-hans/2.1/misc/design-philosophies/#url-design) - [模板系统](/zh-hans/2.1/misc/design-philosophies/#template-system) - [视图](/zh-hans/2.1/misc/design-philosophies/#views) - [缓存框架](/zh-hans/2.1/misc/design-philosophies/#cache-framework) - [Django 的第三方发布包](/zh-hans/2.1/misc/distributions/) - [对于发布者](/zh-hans/2.1/misc/distributions/#for-distributors) - [术语](/zh-hans/2.1/glossary/) - [Release notes](/zh-hans/2.1/releases/) - [Final releases](/zh-hans/2.1/releases/#final-releases) - [2.1 release](/zh-hans/2.1/releases/#release) - [2.0 release](/zh-hans/2.1/releases/#id1) - [1.11 release](/zh-hans/2.1/releases/#id2) - [1.10 release](/zh-hans/2.1/releases/#id3) - [1.9 release](/zh-hans/2.1/releases/#id4) - [1.8 release](/zh-hans/2.1/releases/#id5) - [1.7 release](/zh-hans/2.1/releases/#id6) - [1.6 release](/zh-hans/2.1/releases/#id7) - [1.5 release](/zh-hans/2.1/releases/#id8) - [1.4 release](/zh-hans/2.1/releases/#id9) - [1.3 release](/zh-hans/2.1/releases/#id10) - [1.2 release](/zh-hans/2.1/releases/#id11) - [1.1 release](/zh-hans/2.1/releases/#id12) - [1.0 release](/zh-hans/2.1/releases/#id13) - [Pre-1.0 releases](/zh-hans/2.1/releases/#pre-1-0-releases) - [Security releases](/zh-hans/2.1/releases/#security-releases) - [Django internals](/zh-hans/2.1/internals/) - [建设 Django](/zh-hans/2.1/internals/contributing/) - [对新贡献者的建议](/zh-hans/2.1/internals/contributing/new-contributors/) - [报告问题和请求新功能](/zh-hans/2.1/internals/contributing/bugs-and-features/) - [Triaging tickets](/zh-hans/2.1/internals/contributing/triaging-tickets/) - [Writing code](/zh-hans/2.1/internals/contributing/writing-code/) - [编写文档](/zh-hans/2.1/internals/contributing/writing-documentation/) - [使 Django 本地化](/zh-hans/2.1/internals/contributing/localizing/) - [提交代码](/zh-hans/2.1/internals/contributing/committing-code/) - [Mailing lists](/zh-hans/2.1/internals/mailing-lists/) - [`django-users`](/zh-hans/2.1/internals/mailing-lists/#django-users) - [`django-core-mentorship`](/zh-hans/2.1/internals/mailing-lists/#django-core-mentorship) - [`django-developers`](/zh-hans/2.1/internals/mailing-lists/#django-developers) - [`django-i18n`](/zh-hans/2.1/internals/mailing-lists/#django-i18n) - [`django-announce`](/zh-hans/2.1/internals/mailing-lists/#django-announce) - [`django-updates`](/zh-hans/2.1/internals/mailing-lists/#django-updates) - [Organization of the Django Project](/zh-hans/2.1/internals/organization/) - [Principles](/zh-hans/2.1/internals/organization/#principles) - [Core team](/zh-hans/2.1/internals/organization/#core-team) - [Technical board](/zh-hans/2.1/internals/organization/#technical-board) - [Changing the organization](/zh-hans/2.1/internals/organization/#changing-the-organization) - [Django's security policies](/zh-hans/2.1/internals/security/) - [Reporting security issues](/zh-hans/2.1/internals/security/#reporting-security-issues) - [Supported versions](/zh-hans/2.1/internals/security/#supported-versions) - [How Django discloses security issues](/zh-hans/2.1/internals/security/#how-django-discloses-security-issues) - [Who receives advance notification](/zh-hans/2.1/internals/security/#who-receives-advance-notification) - [Requesting notifications](/zh-hans/2.1/internals/security/#requesting-notifications) - [Django's release process](/zh-hans/2.1/internals/release-process/) - [Official releases](/zh-hans/2.1/internals/release-process/#official-releases) - [Release cadence](/zh-hans/2.1/internals/release-process/#release-cadence) - [Deprecation policy](/zh-hans/2.1/internals/release-process/#deprecation-policy) - [Supported versions](/zh-hans/2.1/internals/release-process/#supported-versions) - [Release process](/zh-hans/2.1/internals/release-process/#release-process) - [Django Deprecation Timeline](/zh-hans/2.1/internals/deprecation/) - [3.0](/zh-hans/2.1/internals/deprecation/#deprecation-removed-in-3-0) - [2.1](/zh-hans/2.1/internals/deprecation/#deprecation-removed-in-2-1) - [2.0](/zh-hans/2.1/internals/deprecation/#deprecation-removed-in-2-0) - [1.10](/zh-hans/2.1/internals/deprecation/#deprecation-removed-in-1-10) - [1.9](/zh-hans/2.1/internals/deprecation/#deprecation-removed-in-1-9) - [1.8](/zh-hans/2.1/internals/deprecation/#deprecation-removed-in-1-8) - [1.7](/zh-hans/2.1/internals/deprecation/#deprecation-removed-in-1-7) - [1.6](/zh-hans/2.1/internals/deprecation/#deprecation-removed-in-1-6) - [1.5](/zh-hans/2.1/internals/deprecation/#deprecation-removed-in-1-5) - [1.4](/zh-hans/2.1/internals/deprecation/#deprecation-removed-in-1-4) - [1.3](/zh-hans/2.1/internals/deprecation/#deprecation-removed-in-1-3) - [The Django source code repository](/zh-hans/2.1/internals/git/) - [High-level overview](/zh-hans/2.1/internals/git/#high-level-overview) - [The master branch](/zh-hans/2.1/internals/git/#the-master-branch) - [Other branches](/zh-hans/2.1/internals/git/#other-branches) - [标签(Tags)](/zh-hans/2.1/internals/git/#id1) - [How is Django Formed?](/zh-hans/2.1/internals/howto-release-django/) - [概况](/zh-hans/2.1/internals/howto-release-django/#overview) - [Prerequisites](/zh-hans/2.1/internals/howto-release-django/#prerequisites) - [Pre-release tasks](/zh-hans/2.1/internals/howto-release-django/#pre-release-tasks) - [Preparing for release](/zh-hans/2.1/internals/howto-release-django/#preparing-for-release) - [Actually rolling the release](/zh-hans/2.1/internals/howto-release-django/#actually-rolling-the-release) - [Making the release(s) available to the public](/zh-hans/2.1/internals/howto-release-django/#making-the-release-s-available-to-the-public) - [Post-release](/zh-hans/2.1/internals/howto-release-django/#post-release) - [New stable branch tasks](/zh-hans/2.1/internals/howto-release-django/#new-stable-branch-tasks) - [Notes on setting the VERSION tuple](/zh-hans/2.1/internals/howto-release-django/#notes-on-setting-the-version-tuple) ## 索引和词汇表 - [Index](/zh-hans/2.1/genindex/) - [Module Index](/zh-hans/2.1/py-modindex/) - [术语](/zh-hans/2.1/glossary/)