{"title":"How to implement a custom template backend","version":"4.0","locale":"pt-br","docname":"howto/custom-template-backend","url":"/pt-br/4.0/howto/custom-template-backend/","canonical":"https://djangodocs.dev/pt-br/4.0/howto/custom-template-backend/","summary":"Here’s how to implement a custom template backend in order to use another template system.","html":"<h1>How to implement a custom template backend<a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#how-to-implement-a-custom-template-backend\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link para este cabeçalho</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></h1>\n<section id=\"custom-backends\">\n<h2>Custom backends<a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#custom-backends\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link para este cabeçalho</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></h2>\n<p>Here’s how to implement a custom template backend in order to use another\ntemplate system. A template backend is a class that inherits\n<code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">django.template.backends.base.BaseEngine</code>. It must implement\n<code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">get_template()</code> and optionally <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">from_string()</code>. Here’s an example for a\nfictional <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">foobar</code> template library:</p>\n<div class=\"code-block\" data-language=\"default\"><div class=\"code-block-toolbar\"><span class=\"code-block-language\">Code</span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-button\" data-copy hidden><span class=\"copy-button-label\">Copy</span></button></div><pre role=\"group\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Code code\"><code><span class=\"kn\">from</span> <span class=\"nn\">django.template</span> <span class=\"kn\">import</span> TemplateDoesNotExist<span class=\"p\">,</span> TemplateSyntaxError\n<span class=\"kn\">from</span> <span class=\"nn\">django.template.backends.base</span> <span class=\"kn\">import</span> BaseEngine\n<span class=\"kn\">from</span> <span class=\"nn\">django.template.backends.utils</span> <span class=\"kn\">import</span> csrf_input_lazy<span class=\"p\">,</span> csrf_token_lazy\n\n<span class=\"kn\">import</span> <span class=\"nn\">foobar</span>\n\n\n<span class=\"k\">class</span> <span class=\"nc\">FooBar</span><span class=\"p\">(</span>BaseEngine<span class=\"p\">):</span>\n\n    <span class=\"c1\"># Name of the subdirectory containing the templates for this engine</span>\n    <span class=\"c1\"># inside an installed application.</span>\n    app_dirname <span class=\"o\">=</span> <span class=\"s1\">&#39;foobar&#39;</span>\n\n    <span class=\"k\">def</span> <span class=\"fm\">__init__</span><span class=\"p\">(</span><span class=\"bp\">self</span><span class=\"p\">,</span> params<span class=\"p\">):</span>\n        params <span class=\"o\">=</span> params<span class=\"o\">.</span>copy<span class=\"p\">()</span>\n        options <span class=\"o\">=</span> params<span class=\"o\">.</span>pop<span class=\"p\">(</span><span class=\"s1\">&#39;OPTIONS&#39;</span><span class=\"p\">)</span><span class=\"o\">.</span>copy<span class=\"p\">()</span>\n        <span class=\"nb\">super</span><span class=\"p\">()</span><span class=\"o\">.</span><span class=\"fm\">__init__</span><span class=\"p\">(</span>params<span class=\"p\">)</span>\n\n        <span class=\"bp\">self</span><span class=\"o\">.</span>engine <span class=\"o\">=</span> foobar<span class=\"o\">.</span>Engine<span class=\"p\">(</span><span class=\"o\">**</span>options<span class=\"p\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"k\">def</span> <span class=\"nf\">from_string</span><span class=\"p\">(</span><span class=\"bp\">self</span><span class=\"p\">,</span> template_code<span class=\"p\">):</span>\n        <span class=\"k\">try</span><span class=\"p\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"k\">return</span> Template<span class=\"p\">(</span><span class=\"bp\">self</span><span class=\"o\">.</span>engine<span class=\"o\">.</span>from_string<span class=\"p\">(</span>template_code<span class=\"p\">))</span>\n        <span class=\"k\">except</span> foobar<span class=\"o\">.</span>TemplateCompilationFailed <span class=\"k\">as</span> exc<span class=\"p\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"k\">raise</span> TemplateSyntaxError<span class=\"p\">(</span>exc<span class=\"o\">.</span>args<span class=\"p\">)</span>\n\n    <span class=\"k\">def</span> <span class=\"nf\">get_template</span><span class=\"p\">(</span><span class=\"bp\">self</span><span class=\"p\">,</span> template_name<span class=\"p\">):</span>\n        <span class=\"k\">try</span><span class=\"p\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"k\">return</span> Template<span class=\"p\">(</span><span class=\"bp\">self</span><span class=\"o\">.</span>engine<span class=\"o\">.</span>get_template<span class=\"p\">(</span>template_name<span class=\"p\">))</span>\n        <span class=\"k\">except</span> foobar<span class=\"o\">.</span>TemplateNotFound <span class=\"k\">as</span> exc<span class=\"p\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"k\">raise</span> TemplateDoesNotExist<span class=\"p\">(</span>exc<span class=\"o\">.</span>args<span class=\"p\">,</span> backend<span class=\"o\">=</span><span class=\"bp\">self</span><span class=\"p\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"k\">except</span> foobar<span class=\"o\">.</span>TemplateCompilationFailed <span class=\"k\">as</span> exc<span class=\"p\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"k\">raise</span> TemplateSyntaxError<span class=\"p\">(</span>exc<span class=\"o\">.</span>args<span class=\"p\">)</span>\n\n\n<span class=\"k\">class</span> <span class=\"nc\">Template</span><span class=\"p\">:</span>\n\n    <span class=\"k\">def</span> <span class=\"fm\">__init__</span><span class=\"p\">(</span><span class=\"bp\">self</span><span class=\"p\">,</span> template<span class=\"p\">):</span>\n        <span class=\"bp\">self</span><span class=\"o\">.</span>template <span class=\"o\">=</span> template\n\n    <span class=\"k\">def</span> <span class=\"nf\">render</span><span class=\"p\">(</span><span class=\"bp\">self</span><span class=\"p\">,</span> context<span class=\"o\">=</span><span class=\"kc\">None</span><span class=\"p\">,</span> request<span class=\"o\">=</span><span class=\"kc\">None</span><span class=\"p\">):</span>\n        <span class=\"k\">if</span> context <span class=\"ow\">is</span> <span class=\"kc\">None</span><span class=\"p\">:</span>\n            context <span class=\"o\">=</span> <span class=\"p\">{}</span>\n        <span class=\"k\">if</span> request <span class=\"ow\">is</span> <span class=\"ow\">not</span> <span class=\"kc\">None</span><span class=\"p\">:</span>\n            context<span class=\"p\">[</span><span class=\"s1\">&#39;request&#39;</span><span class=\"p\">]</span> <span class=\"o\">=</span> request\n            context<span class=\"p\">[</span><span class=\"s1\">&#39;csrf_input&#39;</span><span class=\"p\">]</span> <span class=\"o\">=</span> csrf_input_lazy<span class=\"p\">(</span>request<span class=\"p\">)</span>\n            context<span class=\"p\">[</span><span class=\"s1\">&#39;csrf_token&#39;</span><span class=\"p\">]</span> <span class=\"o\">=</span> csrf_token_lazy<span class=\"p\">(</span>request<span class=\"p\">)</span>\n        <span class=\"k\">return</span> <span class=\"bp\">self</span><span class=\"o\">.</span>template<span class=\"o\">.</span>render<span class=\"p\">(</span>context<span class=\"p\">)</span>\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>See <a class=\"reference external\" href=\"https://github.com/django/deps/blob/main/final/0182-multiple-template-engines.rst\">DEP 182</a> for more information.</p>\n</section>\n<section id=\"debug-integration-for-custom-engines\">\n<span id=\"template-debug-integration\"></span><h2>Debug integration for custom engines<a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#debug-integration-for-custom-engines\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link para este cabeçalho</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></h2>\n<p>The Django debug page has hooks to provide detailed information when a template\nerror arises. Custom template engines can use these hooks to enhance the\ntraceback information that appears to users. The following hooks are available:</p>\n<section id=\"template-postmortem\">\n<span id=\"id1\"></span><h3>Template postmortem<a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#template-postmortem\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link para este cabeçalho</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></h3>\n<p>The postmortem appears when <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/pt-br/4.0/topics/templates/#django.template.TemplateDoesNotExist\" title=\"django.template.TemplateDoesNotExist\"><code class=\"xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate\">TemplateDoesNotExist</code></a> is\nraised. It lists the template engines and loaders that were used when trying to\nfind a given template. For example, if two Django engines are configured, the\npostmortem will appear like:</p>\n<img alt=\"/pt-br/4.0/_images/postmortem.png\" src=\"/pt-br/4.0/_images/postmortem.png\" />\n<p>Custom engines can populate the postmortem by passing the <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">backend</code> and\n<code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">tried</code> arguments when raising <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/pt-br/4.0/topics/templates/#django.template.TemplateDoesNotExist\" title=\"django.template.TemplateDoesNotExist\"><code class=\"xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate\">TemplateDoesNotExist</code></a>.\nBackends that use the postmortem <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"#template-origin-api\"><span class=\"std std-ref\">should specify an origin</span></a> on the template object.</p>\n</section>\n<section id=\"contextual-line-information\">\n<h3>Contextual line information<a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#contextual-line-information\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link para este cabeçalho</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></h3>\n<p>If an error happens during template parsing or rendering, Django can display\nthe line the error happened on. For example:</p>\n<img alt=\"/pt-br/4.0/_images/template-lines.png\" src=\"/pt-br/4.0/_images/template-lines.png\" />\n<p>Custom engines can populate this information by setting a <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">template_debug</code>\nattribute on exceptions raised during parsing and rendering. This attribute is\na <a class=\"reference external\" href=\"https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#dict\" title=\"(em Python v3.14)\"><code class=\"xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate\">dict</code></a> with the following values:</p>\n<ul class=\"simple\">\n<li><p><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">'name'</code>: The name of the template in which the exception occurred.</p></li>\n<li><p><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">'message'</code>: The exception message.</p></li>\n<li><p><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">'source_lines'</code>: The lines before, after, and including the line the\nexception occurred on. This is for context, so it shouldn’t contain more than\n20 lines or so.</p></li>\n<li><p><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">'line'</code>: The line number on which the exception occurred.</p></li>\n<li><p><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">'before'</code>: The content on the error line before the token that raised the\nerror.</p></li>\n<li><p><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">'during'</code>: The token that raised the error.</p></li>\n<li><p><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">'after'</code>: The content on the error line after the token that raised the\nerror.</p></li>\n<li><p><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">'total'</code>: The number of lines in <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">source_lines</code>.</p></li>\n<li><p><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">'top'</code>: The line number where <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">source_lines</code> starts.</p></li>\n<li><p><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">'bottom'</code>: The line number where <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">source_lines</code> ends.</p></li>\n</ul>\n<p>Given the above template error, <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">template_debug</code> would look like:</p>\n<div class=\"code-block\" data-language=\"default\"><div class=\"code-block-toolbar\"><span class=\"code-block-language\">Code</span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-button\" data-copy hidden><span class=\"copy-button-label\">Copy</span></button></div><pre role=\"group\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Code code\"><code><span class=\"p\">{</span>\n    <span class=\"s1\">&#39;name&#39;</span><span class=\"p\">:</span> <span class=\"s1\">&#39;/path/to/template.html&#39;</span><span class=\"p\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"s1\">&#39;message&#39;</span><span class=\"p\">:</span> <span class=\"s2\">&quot;Invalid block tag: &#39;syntax&#39;&quot;</span><span class=\"p\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"s1\">&#39;source_lines&#39;</span><span class=\"p\">:</span> <span class=\"p\">[</span>\n        <span class=\"p\">(</span><span class=\"mi\">1</span><span class=\"p\">,</span> <span class=\"s1\">&#39;some</span><span class=\"se\">\\n</span><span class=\"s1\">&#39;</span><span class=\"p\">),</span>\n        <span class=\"p\">(</span><span class=\"mi\">2</span><span class=\"p\">,</span> <span class=\"s1\">&#39;lines</span><span class=\"se\">\\n</span><span class=\"s1\">&#39;</span><span class=\"p\">),</span>\n        <span class=\"p\">(</span><span class=\"mi\">3</span><span class=\"p\">,</span> <span class=\"s1\">&#39;before</span><span class=\"se\">\\n</span><span class=\"s1\">&#39;</span><span class=\"p\">),</span>\n        <span class=\"p\">(</span><span class=\"mi\">4</span><span class=\"p\">,</span> <span class=\"s1\">&#39;Hello {</span><span class=\"si\">% s</span><span class=\"s1\">yntax error %} {{ world }}</span><span class=\"se\">\\n</span><span class=\"s1\">&#39;</span><span class=\"p\">),</span>\n        <span class=\"p\">(</span><span class=\"mi\">5</span><span class=\"p\">,</span> <span class=\"s1\">&#39;some</span><span class=\"se\">\\n</span><span class=\"s1\">&#39;</span><span class=\"p\">),</span>\n        <span class=\"p\">(</span><span class=\"mi\">6</span><span class=\"p\">,</span> <span class=\"s1\">&#39;lines</span><span class=\"se\">\\n</span><span class=\"s1\">&#39;</span><span class=\"p\">),</span>\n        <span class=\"p\">(</span><span class=\"mi\">7</span><span class=\"p\">,</span> <span class=\"s1\">&#39;after</span><span class=\"se\">\\n</span><span class=\"s1\">&#39;</span><span class=\"p\">),</span>\n        <span class=\"p\">(</span><span class=\"mi\">8</span><span class=\"p\">,</span> <span class=\"s1\">&#39;&#39;</span><span class=\"p\">),</span>\n    <span class=\"p\">],</span>\n    <span class=\"s1\">&#39;line&#39;</span><span class=\"p\">:</span> <span class=\"mi\">4</span><span class=\"p\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"s1\">&#39;before&#39;</span><span class=\"p\">:</span> <span class=\"s1\">&#39;Hello &#39;</span><span class=\"p\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"s1\">&#39;during&#39;</span><span class=\"p\">:</span> <span class=\"s1\">&#39;{</span><span class=\"si\">% s</span><span class=\"s1\">yntax error %}&#39;</span><span class=\"p\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"s1\">&#39;after&#39;</span><span class=\"p\">:</span> <span class=\"s1\">&#39; {{ world }}</span><span class=\"se\">\\n</span><span class=\"s1\">&#39;</span><span class=\"p\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"s1\">&#39;total&#39;</span><span class=\"p\">:</span> <span class=\"mi\">9</span><span class=\"p\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"s1\">&#39;bottom&#39;</span><span class=\"p\">:</span> <span class=\"mi\">9</span><span class=\"p\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"s1\">&#39;top&#39;</span><span class=\"p\">:</span> <span class=\"mi\">1</span><span class=\"p\">,</span>\n<span class=\"p\">}</span>\n</code></pre></div>\n</section>\n<section id=\"origin-api-and-3rd-party-integration\">\n<span id=\"template-origin-api\"></span><h3>Origin API and 3rd-party integration<a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#origin-api-and-3rd-party-integration\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link para este cabeçalho</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></h3>\n<p>Django templates have an <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/pt-br/4.0/ref/templates/api/#django.template.base.Origin\" title=\"django.template.base.Origin\"><code class=\"xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate\">Origin</code></a> object available\nthrough the <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">template.origin</code> attribute. This enables debug information to be\ndisplayed in the <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"#template-postmortem\"><span class=\"std std-ref\">template postmortem</span></a>, as well as\nin 3rd-party libraries, like the <a class=\"reference external\" href=\"https://github.com/jazzband/django-debug-toolbar/\">Django Debug Toolbar</a>.</p>\n<p>Custom engines can provide their own <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">template.origin</code> information by\ncreating an object that specifies the following attributes:</p>\n<ul class=\"simple\">\n<li><p><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">'name'</code>: The full path to the template.</p></li>\n<li><p><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">'template_name'</code>: The relative path to the template as passed into the\ntemplate loading methods.</p></li>\n<li><p><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">'loader_name'</code>: An optional string identifying the function or class used\nto load the template, e.g. <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">django.template.loaders.filesystem.Loader</code>.</p></li>\n</ul>\n</section>\n</section>","rootId":"how-to-implement-a-custom-template-backend","toc":[{"title":"Custom backends","anchor":"custom-backends","children":[]},{"title":"Debug integration for custom engines","anchor":"debug-integration-for-custom-engines","children":[{"title":"Template postmortem","anchor":"template-postmortem","children":[]},{"title":"Contextual line information","anchor":"contextual-line-information","children":[]},{"title":"Origin API and 3rd-party integration","anchor":"origin-api-and-3rd-party-integration","children":[]}]}],"breadcrumbs":[{"docname":"howto/index","title":"Guias de “como fazer”","url":"/pt-br/4.0/howto/"}],"prev":{"docname":"howto/custom-lookups","title":"How to write custom lookups","url":"/pt-br/4.0/howto/custom-lookups/"},"next":{"docname":"howto/custom-template-tags","title":"How to create custom template tags and filters","url":"/pt-br/4.0/howto/custom-template-tags/"},"formats":{"html":"/pt-br/4.0/howto/custom-template-backend/","markdown":"/pt-br/4.0/howto/custom-template-backend.md","json":"/pt-br/4.0/howto/custom-template-backend.json"},"source":"https://github.com/django/django/blob/stable/4.0.x/docs/howto/custom-template-backend.txt","official":"https://docs.djangoproject.com/pt-br/4.0/howto/custom-template-backend/","inVersions":["6.1","6.0","5.2","5.1","5.0","4.2","4.1","4.0","3.2","3.1"],"inLocales":["en","zh-hans","fr","ja","id","it","pt-br","ko","es","el","pl"]}