This document explains how to output CSV (Comma Separated Values) dynamically\nusing Django views. To do this, you can either use the Python CSV library or the\nDjango template system.
\nPython comes with a CSV library, csv. The key to using it with Django is\nthat the csv module’s CSV-creation capability acts on file-like objects,\nand Django’s HttpResponse objects are file-like objects.
여기 예제가 있습니다:
\nimport csv\nfrom django.http import HttpResponse\n\ndef some_view(request):\n # Create the HttpResponse object with the appropriate CSV header.\n response = HttpResponse(content_type='text/csv')\n response['Content-Disposition'] = 'attachment; filename="somefilename.csv"'\n\n writer = csv.writer(response)\n writer.writerow(['First row', 'Foo', 'Bar', 'Baz'])\n writer.writerow(['Second row', 'A', 'B', 'C', '"Testing"', "Here's a quote"])\n\n return response\nThe code and comments should be self-explanatory, but a few things deserve a\nmention:
\nThe response gets a special MIME type, text/csv. This tells\nbrowsers that the document is a CSV file, rather than an HTML file. If\nyou leave this off, browsers will probably interpret the output as HTML,\nwhich will result in ugly, scary gobbledygook in the browser window.
The response gets an additional Content-Disposition header, which\ncontains the name of the CSV file. This filename is arbitrary; call it\nwhatever you want. It’ll be used by browsers in the “Save as…” dialog, etc.
You can hook into the CSV-generation API by passing response as the first\nargument to csv.writer. The csv.writer function expects a file-like\nobject, and HttpResponse objects fit the bill.
For each row in your CSV file, call writer.writerow, passing it an\niterable.
The CSV module takes care of quoting for you, so you don’t have to worry\nabout escaping strings with quotes or commas in them. Pass writerow()\nyour raw strings, and it’ll do the right thing.
When dealing with views that generate very large responses, you might want to\nconsider using Django’s StreamingHttpResponse instead.\nFor example, by streaming a file that takes a long time to generate you can\navoid a load balancer dropping a connection that might have otherwise timed out\nwhile the server was generating the response.
In this example, we make full use of Python generators to efficiently handle\nthe assembly and transmission of a large CSV file:
\nimport csv\n\nfrom django.http import StreamingHttpResponse\n\nclass Echo:\n """An object that implements just the write method of the file-like\n interface.\n """\n def write(self, value):\n """Write the value by returning it, instead of storing in a buffer."""\n return value\n\ndef some_streaming_csv_view(request):\n """A view that streams a large CSV file."""\n # Generate a sequence of rows. The range is based on the maximum number of\n # rows that can be handled by a single sheet in most spreadsheet\n # applications.\n rows = (["Row {}".format(idx), str(idx)] for idx in range(65536))\n pseudo_buffer = Echo()\n writer = csv.writer(pseudo_buffer)\n response = StreamingHttpResponse((writer.writerow(row) for row in rows),\n content_type="text/csv")\n response['Content-Disposition'] = 'attachment; filename="somefilename.csv"'\n return response\nAlternatively, you can use the Django template system\nto generate CSV. This is lower-level than using the convenient Python csv\nmodule, but the solution is presented here for completeness.
The idea here is to pass a list of items to your template, and have the\ntemplate output the commas in a for loop.
Here’s an example, which generates the same CSV file as above:
\nfrom django.http import HttpResponse\nfrom django.template import loader\n\ndef some_view(request):\n # Create the HttpResponse object with the appropriate CSV header.\n response = HttpResponse(content_type='text/csv')\n response['Content-Disposition'] = 'attachment; filename="somefilename.csv"'\n\n # The data is hard-coded here, but you could load it from a database or\n # some other source.\n csv_data = (\n ('First row', 'Foo', 'Bar', 'Baz'),\n ('Second row', 'A', 'B', 'C', '"Testing"', "Here's a quote"),\n )\n\n t = loader.get_template('my_template_name.txt')\n c = {'data': csv_data}\n response.write(t.render(c))\n return response\nThe only difference between this example and the previous example is that this\none uses template loading instead of the CSV module. The rest of the code –\nsuch as the content_type='text/csv' – is the same.
Then, create the template my_template_name.txt, with this template code:
{% for row in data %}"{{ row.0|addslashes }}", "{{ row.1|addslashes }}", "{{ row.2|addslashes }}", "{{ row.3|addslashes }}", "{{ row.4|addslashes }}"\n{% endfor %}\nThis short template iterates over the given data and displays a line of CSV for\neach row. It uses the addslashes template filter to ensure there\naren’t any problems with quotes.
Notice that there isn’t very much specific to CSV here – just the specific\noutput format. You can use either of these techniques to output any text-based\nformat you can dream of. You can also use a similar technique to generate\narbitrary binary data; see Outputting PDFs with Django for an example.
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