{"title":"REMOTE_USER で認証する","version":"6.1","locale":"ja","docname":"howto/auth-remote-user","url":"/ja/6.1/howto/auth-remote-user/","canonical":"https://djangodocs.dev/ja/6.1/howto/auth-remote-user/","summary":"This document describes how to make use of external authentication sources in your Django applications.","html":"<h1><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">REMOTE_USER</code> で認証する<a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#how-to-authenticate-using-remote-user\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this heading</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></h1>\n<p>This document describes how to make use of external authentication sources in\nyour Django applications. This type of authentication solution is typically\nseen on intranet sites, with single sign-on solutions such as IIS and\nIntegrated Windows Authentication or Apache and <a class=\"reference external\" href=\"https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_authnz_ldap.html\">mod_authnz_ldap</a>, <a class=\"reference external\" href=\"https://www.apereo.org/projects/cas\">CAS</a>,\n<a class=\"reference external\" href=\"https://uit.stanford.edu/service/authentication\">WebAuth</a>, <a class=\"reference external\" href=\"https://sourceforge.net/projects/mod-auth-sspi\">mod_auth_sspi</a>, etc.</p>\n<p>When the web server takes care of authentication it typically provides the\nauthenticated user as <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">REMOTE_USER</code>. In Django, this value is made available\nin <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/ja/6.1/ref/request-response/#django.http.HttpRequest.META\" title=\"django.http.HttpRequest.META\"><code class=\"xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate\">request.META</code></a> (as <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">REMOTE_USER</code> when\nsupplied as an environment variable, as in WSGI, or <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">HTTP_REMOTE_USER</code> when\nsupplied via an HTTP header, as in ASGI). Django can be configured to make use\nof the <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">REMOTE_USER</code> value using the <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">RemoteUserMiddleware</code> or\n<code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">PersistentRemoteUserMiddleware</code>, and\n<a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/ja/6.1/ref/contrib/auth/#django.contrib.auth.backends.RemoteUserBackend\" title=\"django.contrib.auth.backends.RemoteUserBackend\"><code class=\"xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate\">RemoteUserBackend</code></a> classes found in\n<a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/ja/6.1/topics/auth/#module-django.contrib.auth\" title=\"django.contrib.auth: Django's authentication framework.\"><code class=\"xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate\">django.contrib.auth</code></a>.</p>\n<section id=\"configuration\">\n<h2>設定<a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#configuration\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this heading</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></h2>\n<p>最初に次のように <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/ja/6.1/ref/settings/#std-setting-MIDDLEWARE\"><code class=\"xref std std-setting docutils literal notranslate\">MIDDLEWARE</code></a> 設定に <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/ja/6.1/ref/middleware/#django.contrib.auth.middleware.RemoteUserMiddleware\" title=\"django.contrib.auth.middleware.RemoteUserMiddleware\"><code class=\"xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate\">django.contrib.auth.middleware.RemoteUserMiddleware</code></a> を加える必要があります。これは <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/ja/6.1/ref/middleware/#django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware\" title=\"django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware\"><code class=\"xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate\">django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware</code></a> の <strong>後に</strong> 追加してください:</p>\n<div class=\"code-block\" data-language=\"default\"><div class=\"code-block-toolbar\"><span class=\"code-block-language\">Code</span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-button\" data-copy hidden><span class=\"copy-button-label\">Copy</span></button></div><pre role=\"group\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Code code\"><code>MIDDLEWARE <span class=\"o\">=</span> <span class=\"p\">[</span>\n    <span class=\"s2\">&quot;...&quot;</span><span class=\"p\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"s2\">&quot;django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware&quot;</span><span class=\"p\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"s2\">&quot;django.contrib.auth.middleware.RemoteUserMiddleware&quot;</span><span class=\"p\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"s2\">&quot;...&quot;</span><span class=\"p\">,</span>\n<span class=\"p\">]</span>\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>続いて、<a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/ja/6.1/ref/settings/#std-setting-AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS\"><code class=\"xref std std-setting docutils literal notranslate\">AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS</code></a> 設定の <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/ja/6.1/ref/contrib/auth/#django.contrib.auth.backends.ModelBackend\" title=\"django.contrib.auth.backends.ModelBackend\"><code class=\"xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate\">ModelBackend</code></a> を <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/ja/6.1/ref/contrib/auth/#django.contrib.auth.backends.RemoteUserBackend\" title=\"django.contrib.auth.backends.RemoteUserBackend\"><code class=\"xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate\">RemoteUserBackend</code></a> に変更します:</p>\n<div class=\"code-block\" data-language=\"default\"><div class=\"code-block-toolbar\"><span class=\"code-block-language\">Code</span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-button\" data-copy hidden><span class=\"copy-button-label\">Copy</span></button></div><pre role=\"group\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Code code\"><code>AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS <span class=\"o\">=</span> <span class=\"p\">[</span>\n    <span class=\"s2\">&quot;django.contrib.auth.backends.RemoteUserBackend&quot;</span><span class=\"p\">,</span>\n<span class=\"p\">]</span>\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>With this setup, <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">RemoteUserMiddleware</code> will detect the username in\n<code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">request.META['REMOTE_USER']</code> (or <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">request.META['HTTP_REMOTE_USER']</code> under\nASGI) and will authenticate and auto-login that user\nusing the <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/ja/6.1/ref/contrib/auth/#django.contrib.auth.backends.RemoteUserBackend\" title=\"django.contrib.auth.backends.RemoteUserBackend\"><code class=\"xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate\">RemoteUserBackend</code></a>.</p>\n<p>この特定の設定は、デフォルトの <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">ModelBackend</code> による認証を無効にすることに注意してください。つまり、 <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">REMOTE_USER</code> の値が設定されていなければ、Django の admin interface を使ったとしても、ユーザーはログインすることができないということです。 <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">REMOTE_USER</code> が存在しない場合のフォールバックとして <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS</code> のリストに <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">'django.contrib.auth.backends.ModelBackend'</code>  を追加しておけば、この問題は解決できます。</p>\n<p><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">contrib.admin</code> 画面や <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/ja/6.1/ref/django-admin/#django-admin-createsuperuser\"><code class=\"xref std std-djadmin docutils literal notranslate\">createsuperuser</code></a> 管理コマンドなどの、Django のユーザ管理機能はリモートユーザを統合管理しません。これらのインタフェースは <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS</code> の設定にかかわらず、データベース中のユーザだけを管理します。</p>\n<aside class=\"admonition admonition-note\" role=\"note\">\n<p class=\"admonition-title\">注釈</p>\n<p><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">RemoteUserBackend</code> を <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">ModelBackend</code> から継承した後も、<code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">ModelBackend</code> によってチェックが行われ、すべてのパーミッションが維持されます。</p>\n<p><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/ja/6.1/ref/contrib/auth/#django.contrib.auth.models.User.is_active\" title=\"django.contrib.auth.models.User.is_active\"><code class=\"xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate\">is_active=False</code></a> 属性を持つユーザは認証が許可されません。許可したい場合は、<a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/ja/6.1/ref/contrib/auth/#django.contrib.auth.backends.AllowAllUsersRemoteUserBackend\" title=\"django.contrib.auth.backends.AllowAllUsersRemoteUserBackend\"><code class=\"xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate\">AllowAllUsersRemoteUserBackend</code></a> を使用してください。</p>\n</aside>\n<p>If your authentication mechanism uses a custom HTTP header and not\n<code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">REMOTE_USER</code>, you can subclass <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">RemoteUserMiddleware</code> and set the\n<code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">header</code> attribute to the desired <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">request.META</code> key. For example:</p>\n<figure class=\"code-block code-block-captioned\" data-language=\"python\"><figcaption class=\"code-block-caption\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">mysite/middleware.py</code></figcaption>\n<div class=\"code-block-toolbar\"><span class=\"code-block-language\">Python</span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-button\" data-copy hidden><span class=\"copy-button-label\">Copy</span></button></div><pre role=\"group\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Python code\"><code> <span class=\"kn\">from</span> <span class=\"nn\">django.contrib.auth.middleware</span> <span class=\"kn\">import</span> RemoteUserMiddleware\n\n\n <span class=\"k\">class</span> <span class=\"nc\">CustomHeaderRemoteUserMiddleware</span><span class=\"p\">(</span>RemoteUserMiddleware<span class=\"p\">):</span>\n     header <span class=\"o\">=</span> <span class=\"s2\">&quot;HTTP_AUTHUSER&quot;</span>\n</code></pre></figure>\n<p>このカスタムミドルウェアは、 <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/ja/6.1/ref/middleware/#django.contrib.auth.middleware.RemoteUserMiddleware\" title=\"django.contrib.auth.middleware.RemoteUserMiddleware\"><code class=\"xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate\">django.contrib.auth.middleware.RemoteUserMiddleware</code></a>: の代わりに <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/ja/6.1/ref/settings/#std-setting-MIDDLEWARE\"><code class=\"xref std std-setting docutils literal notranslate\">MIDDLEWARE</code></a> 設定で使用されます。</p>\n<div class=\"code-block\" data-language=\"default\"><div class=\"code-block-toolbar\"><span class=\"code-block-language\">Code</span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-button\" data-copy hidden><span class=\"copy-button-label\">Copy</span></button></div><pre role=\"group\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Code code\"><code>MIDDLEWARE <span class=\"o\">=</span> <span class=\"p\">[</span>\n    <span class=\"s2\">&quot;...&quot;</span><span class=\"p\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"s2\">&quot;django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware&quot;</span><span class=\"p\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"s2\">&quot;mysite.middleware.CustomHeaderRemoteUserMiddleware&quot;</span><span class=\"p\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"s2\">&quot;...&quot;</span><span class=\"p\">,</span>\n<span class=\"p\">]</span>\n</code></pre></div>\n<aside class=\"admonition admonition-warning\" role=\"note\">\n<p class=\"admonition-title\">警告</p>\n<p><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">RemoteUserMiddleware</code> must not be deployed in configurations where a\nclient can supply the header. You must be sure that your web server or\nreverse proxy always sets or strips that header based on the appropriate\nauthentication checks, never permitting an end user to submit a fake (or\n&quot;spoofed&quot;) header value.</p>\n<p>Since the HTTP headers <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">X-Auth-User</code> and <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">X-Auth_User</code> (for example)\nboth normalize to the <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">HTTP_X_AUTH_USER</code> key in <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">request.META</code>, you\nmust also check that your web server doesn't allow a spoofed header using\nunderscores in place of dashes.</p>\n<p>Under WSGI, this warning doesn't apply to <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">RemoteUserMiddleware</code> in its\ndefault configuration with <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">header = &quot;REMOTE_USER&quot;</code>, since a key that\ndoesn't start with <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">HTTP_</code> in <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">request.META</code> can only be set by your\nWSGI server, not directly from an HTTP request header.</p>\n<p>This warning applies under ASGI in all configurations, because there is\nno equivalent for a WSGI server's ability to place a trusted value in the\nenviron. ASGI deployments <em>must</em> use a reverse proxy as described above\nwhen using this middleware.</p>\n</aside>\n<p>認証メカニズムをより細かく制御したい場合は、 <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/ja/6.1/ref/contrib/auth/#django.contrib.auth.backends.RemoteUserBackend\" title=\"django.contrib.auth.backends.RemoteUserBackend\"><code class=\"xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate\">RemoteUserBackend</code></a> を継承する独自の認証バックエンドを作成し、属性やメソッドをいくつかオーバライドしてください。</p>\n</section>\n<section id=\"using-remote-user-on-login-pages-only\">\n<span id=\"persistent-remote-user-middleware-howto\"></span><h2>ログインページでのみ <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">REMOTE_USER</code> を使用する<a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#using-remote-user-on-login-pages-only\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this heading</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></h2>\n<p><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">RemoteUserMiddleware</code> 認証ミドルウェアは、 HTTP リクエストヘッダーの <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">REMOTE_USER</code> が認証されたリクエストに存在していることを想定しています。これは、<code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">htpasswd</code> や同様のメカニズムを備えた Basic 認証であれば妥当で実用的かもしれませんが、Negotiate (GSSAPI/Kerberos) や他のリソース中心的な認証メソッドでは、フロントエンド HTTP サーバ内の認証は、通常、1つまたは少数のログイン URL しか設置せず、認証の成功後にもアプリケーションが認証されたセッション自体を維持することが想定されています。</p>\n<p><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/ja/6.1/ref/middleware/#django.contrib.auth.middleware.PersistentRemoteUserMiddleware\" title=\"django.contrib.auth.middleware.PersistentRemoteUserMiddleware\"><code class=\"xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate\">PersistentRemoteUserMiddleware</code></a> は、このようなユースケースへのサポートを提供します。このミドルウェアは、ユーザーが明示的にログアウトするまで、認証されたセッションを維持しようとします。このクラスは、上述のドキュメント内の <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/ja/6.1/ref/middleware/#django.contrib.auth.middleware.RemoteUserMiddleware\" title=\"django.contrib.auth.middleware.RemoteUserMiddleware\"><code class=\"xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate\">RemoteUserMiddleware</code></a> とドロップインで交換できます。</p>\n</section>","rootId":"how-to-authenticate-using-remote-user","toc":[{"title":"設定","anchor":"configuration","children":[]},{"title":"ログインページでのみ REMOTE_USER を使用する","anchor":"using-remote-user-on-login-pages-only","children":[]}],"breadcrumbs":[{"docname":"howto/index","title":"How-to ガイド","url":"/ja/6.1/howto/"}],"prev":{"docname":"howto/static-files/deployment","title":"静的ファイルをデプロイする","url":"/ja/6.1/howto/static-files/deployment/"},"next":{"docname":"howto/csp","title":"How to use Django's Content Security Policy","url":"/ja/6.1/howto/csp/"},"formats":{"html":"/ja/6.1/howto/auth-remote-user/","markdown":"/ja/6.1/howto/auth-remote-user.md","json":"/ja/6.1/howto/auth-remote-user.json"},"source":"https://github.com/django/django/blob/stable/6.1.x/docs/howto/auth-remote-user.txt","official":"https://docs.djangoproject.com/ja/6.1/howto/auth-remote-user/","inVersions":["6.1","6.0","5.2","5.1","5.0","4.2","4.1","4.0","3.2","3.1","3.0","2.2","2.1","2.0","1.11","1.10","1.9"],"inLocales":["en","sv","zh-hans","ga","fr","ja","id","it","pt-br","ko","es","el","pl"]}