{"title":"Model クラスのリファレンス","version":"6.0","locale":"ja","docname":"ref/models/class","url":"/ja/6.0/ref/models/class/","canonical":"https://djangodocs.dev/ja/6.0/ref/models/class/","summary":"このドキュメントでは Model クラスの機能を扱います。モデルについての詳細はモデルのリファレンスガイドの完全なリストを参照してください。","html":"<h1>Model クラスのリファレンス<a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#model-class-reference\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this heading</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></h1>\n<p>このドキュメントでは <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/ja/6.0/ref/models/instances/#django.db.models.Model\" title=\"django.db.models.Model\"><code class=\"xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate\">Model</code></a> クラスの機能を扱います。モデルについての詳細は <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/ja/6.0/ref/models/\"><span class=\"doc\">モデルのリファレンスガイドの完全なリスト</span></a> を参照してください。</p>\n<section id=\"attributes\">\n<h2>属性<a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#attributes\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this heading</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></h2>\n<section id=\"doesnotexist\">\n<h3><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">DoesNotExist</code><a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#doesnotexist\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this heading</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></h3>\n<dl class=\"py exception\">\n<dt class=\"sig sig-object py\" id=\"django.db.models.Model.DoesNotExist\">\n<em class=\"property\"><span class=\"k\">exception</span> </em><span class=\"sig-prename descclassname\">Model.</span><span class=\"sig-name descname\">DoesNotExist</span><a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#django.db.models.Model.DoesNotExist\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this definition</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></dt>\n<dd><p>この例外は、期待したオブジェクトが見つからない場合に ORM が発生させます。例えば <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/ja/6.0/ref/models/querysets/#django.db.models.query.QuerySet.get\" title=\"django.db.models.query.QuerySet.get\"><code class=\"xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate\">QuerySet.get()</code></a> で、指定されたルックアップに対応するオブジェクトが見つからない場合に発生します。</p>\n<p>Django は各モデルクラスの属性として <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">DoesNotExist</code> 例外を提供し、見つからなかったオブジェクトのクラスを特定することで、特定のモデルクラスの例外をキャッチできるようにします。この例外は <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/ja/6.0/ref/exceptions/#django.core.exceptions.ObjectDoesNotExist\" title=\"django.core.exceptions.ObjectDoesNotExist\"><code class=\"xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate\">django.core.exceptions.ObjectDoesNotExist</code></a> のサブクラスです。</p>\n</dd></dl>\n\n</section>\n<section id=\"multipleobjectsreturned\">\n<h3><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">MultipleObjectsReturned</code><a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#multipleobjectsreturned\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this heading</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></h3>\n<dl class=\"py exception\">\n<dt class=\"sig sig-object py\" id=\"django.db.models.Model.MultipleObjectsReturned\">\n<em class=\"property\"><span class=\"k\">exception</span> </em><span class=\"sig-prename descclassname\">Model.</span><span class=\"sig-name descname\">MultipleObjectsReturned</span><a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#django.db.models.Model.MultipleObjectsReturned\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this definition</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></dt>\n<dd><p>この例外は、<a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/ja/6.0/ref/models/querysets/#django.db.models.query.QuerySet.get\" title=\"django.db.models.query.QuerySet.get\"><code class=\"xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate\">QuerySet.get()</code></a> によって、指定されたルックアップに対して複数のオブジェクトが見つかった場合に発生します。</p>\n<p>Django は各モデルクラスの属性として <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">MultipleObjectsReturned</code> 例外を提供し、複数のオブジェクトが見つかったオブジェクトクラスを特定することで、特定のモデルクラスの例外をキャッチできるようにします。この例外は <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/ja/6.0/ref/exceptions/#django.core.exceptions.MultipleObjectsReturned\" title=\"django.core.exceptions.MultipleObjectsReturned\"><code class=\"xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate\">django.core.exceptions.MultipleObjectsReturned</code></a> のサブクラスです。</p>\n</dd></dl>\n\n</section>\n<section id=\"notupdated\">\n<h3><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">NotUpdated</code><a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#notupdated\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this heading</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></h3>\n<aside class=\"version-note version-added\" data-version=\"6.0\" role=\"note\">\n<p class=\"version-note-title\">New in Django 6.0</p></aside>\n<dl class=\"py exception\">\n<dt class=\"sig sig-object py\" id=\"django.db.models.Model.NotUpdated\">\n<em class=\"property\"><span class=\"k\">exception</span> </em><span class=\"sig-prename descclassname\">Model.</span><span class=\"sig-name descname\">NotUpdated</span><a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#django.db.models.Model.NotUpdated\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this definition</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></dt>\n<dd><p>This exception is raised when <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/ja/6.0/ref/models/instances/#ref-models-force-insert\"><span class=\"std std-ref\">a forced update</span></a> of a <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/ja/6.0/ref/models/instances/#django.db.models.Model\" title=\"django.db.models.Model\"><code class=\"xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate\">Model</code></a> instance\ndoes not affect any rows.</p>\n<p>Django provides a <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">NotUpdated</code> exception as an attribute of each model\nclass to identify the class of object that could not be updated, allowing\nyou to catch exceptions for a particular model class. The exception is a\nsubclass of <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/ja/6.0/ref/exceptions/#django.core.exceptions.ObjectNotUpdated\" title=\"django.core.exceptions.ObjectNotUpdated\"><code class=\"xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate\">django.core.exceptions.ObjectNotUpdated</code></a> and inherits\nfrom <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/ja/6.0/ref/exceptions/#django.db.DatabaseError\" title=\"django.db.DatabaseError\"><code class=\"xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate\">django.db.DatabaseError</code></a> for backward compatibility reasons.</p>\n</dd></dl>\n\n</section>\n<section id=\"objects\">\n<h3><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">objects</code><a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#objects\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this heading</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></h3>\n<dl class=\"py attribute\">\n<dt class=\"sig sig-object py\" id=\"django.db.models.Model.objects\">\n<span class=\"sig-prename descclassname\">Model.</span><span class=\"sig-name descname\">objects</span><a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#django.db.models.Model.objects\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this definition</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></dt>\n<dd><p>抽象クラスでない <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/ja/6.0/ref/models/instances/#django.db.models.Model\" title=\"django.db.models.Model\"><code class=\"xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate\">Model</code></a> クラスには、 <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/ja/6.0/topics/db/managers/#django.db.models.Manager\" title=\"django.db.models.Manager\"><code class=\"xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate\">Manager</code></a> インスタンスが追加されていなければなりません。Django はモデルクラスに少なくともデフォルトの <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">Manager</code> が指定されていることを保証します。独自の <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">Manager</code> を追加しない場合、Django はデフォルトの <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/ja/6.0/topics/db/managers/#django.db.models.Manager\" title=\"django.db.models.Manager\"><code class=\"xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate\">Manager</code></a> インスタンスを含む <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\">objects</code> 属性を追加します。独自の <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/ja/6.0/topics/db/managers/#django.db.models.Manager\" title=\"django.db.models.Manager\"><code class=\"xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate\">Manager</code></a> インスタンス属性を追加すると、デフォルトのインスタンスは表示されなくなります。次の例を見てください：</p>\n<div class=\"code-block\" data-language=\"default\"><div class=\"code-block-toolbar\"><span class=\"code-block-language\">Code</span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-button\" data-copy hidden><span class=\"copy-button-label\">Copy</span></button></div><pre role=\"group\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Code code\"><code><span class=\"kn\">from</span> <span class=\"nn\">django.db</span> <span class=\"kn\">import</span> models\n\n\n<span class=\"k\">class</span> <span class=\"nc\">Person</span><span class=\"p\">(</span>models<span class=\"o\">.</span>Model<span class=\"p\">):</span>\n    <span class=\"c1\"># Add manager with another name</span>\n    people <span class=\"o\">=</span> models<span class=\"o\">.</span>Manager<span class=\"p\">()</span>\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>モデルマネージャの詳細については <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/ja/6.0/topics/db/managers/\"><span class=\"doc\">マネージャ</span></a> と <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/ja/6.0/topics/db/queries/#retrieving-objects\"><span class=\"std std-ref\">オブジェクトの取得</span></a> を参照してください。</p>\n</dd></dl>\n\n</section>\n</section>","rootId":"model-class-reference","toc":[{"title":"属性","anchor":"attributes","children":[{"title":"DoesNotExist","anchor":"doesnotexist","children":[]},{"title":"MultipleObjectsReturned","anchor":"multipleobjectsreturned","children":[]},{"title":"NotUpdated","anchor":"notupdated","children":[]},{"title":"objects","anchor":"objects","children":[]}]}],"breadcrumbs":[{"docname":"ref/index","title":"API リファレンス","url":"/ja/6.0/ref/"},{"docname":"ref/models/index","title":"モデル","url":"/ja/6.0/ref/models/"}],"prev":{"docname":"ref/models/relations","title":"リレーション先オブジェクトのリファレンス","url":"/ja/6.0/ref/models/relations/"},"next":{"docname":"ref/models/options","title":"モデルの Meta オプション","url":"/ja/6.0/ref/models/options/"},"formats":{"html":"/ja/6.0/ref/models/class/","markdown":"/ja/6.0/ref/models/class.md","json":"/ja/6.0/ref/models/class.json"},"source":"https://github.com/django/django/blob/stable/6.0.x/docs/ref/models/class.txt","official":"https://docs.djangoproject.com/ja/6.0/ref/models/class/","inVersions":["6.1","6.0","5.2","5.1","5.0","4.2","4.1","4.0","3.2","3.1","3.0","2.2","2.1","2.0","1.11","1.10","1.9"],"inLocales":["en","sv","zh-hans","ga","fr","ja","id","it","pt-br","ko","es","el","pl"]}