{"title":"Django のインストール方法","version":"2.2","locale":"ja","docname":"topics/install","url":"/ja/2.2/topics/install/","canonical":"https://djangodocs.dev/ja/2.2/topics/install/","summary":"このドキュメントを読めば、Django をセットアップして、起動することができます。 Python をインストールする Link to this heading # Django は Python のウェブフレームワークです。詳細は :ref: ` faq-python-version-support`を参照してください。…","html":"<h1>Django のインストール方法<a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#how-to-install-django\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this heading</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></h1>\n<p>このドキュメントを読めば、Django をセットアップして、起動することができます。</p>\n<section id=\"install-python\">\n<h2>Python をインストールする<a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#install-python\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this heading</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></h2>\n<p>Django は Python のウェブフレームワークです。詳細は :ref:<a href=\"#id1\"><span class=\"problematic\" id=\"id2\">`</span></a>faq-python-version-support`を参照してください。</p>\n<p>最新版のPythonを <a class=\"reference external\" href=\"https://www.python.org/downloads/\">https://www.python.org/downloads/</a> もしくはOSのパッケージ管理ツールで取得してください。</p>\n<aside class=\"admonition-django-on-jython admonition\">\n<p class=\"admonition-title\">Django on Jython</p>\n<p><a class=\"reference external\" href=\"http://www.jython.org/\">Jython</a> (a Python implementation for the Java platform) is not compatible\nwith Python 3, so Django ≥ 2.0 cannot run on Jython.</p>\n</aside>\n<aside class=\"admonition-python-on-windows admonition\">\n<p class=\"admonition-title\">Python on Windows</p>\n<p>もし Windows を使っていてこれから Django を始めるなら、 <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/ja/2.2/howto/windows/\"><span class=\"doc\">Windows での Django のインストール方法</span></a> を読むとよいでしょう。</p>\n</aside>\n</section>\n<section id=\"install-apache-and-mod-wsgi\">\n<h2>Apache と <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">mod_wsgi</span></code> のインストール<a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#install-apache-and-mod-wsgi\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this heading</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></h2>\n<p>もし単に Django を使って実験したいだけなら、このセクションは飛ばしてください。 Django には軽量 web サーバーが含まれており、テスト用にそれが使えます。本番環境にデプロイするときまで、 Apache をセットアップする必要はありません。</p>\n<p>If you want to use Django on a production site, use <a class=\"reference external\" href=\"https://httpd.apache.org/\">Apache</a> with\n<a class=\"reference external\" href=\"https://modwsgi.readthedocs.io/en/develop/\">mod_wsgi</a>. mod_wsgi operates in one of two modes: embedded\nmode or daemon mode. In embedded mode, mod_wsgi is similar to\nmod_perl -- it embeds Python within Apache and loads Python code into\nmemory when the server starts. Code stays in memory throughout the\nlife of an Apache process, which leads to significant performance\ngains over other server arrangements. In daemon mode, mod_wsgi spawns\nan independent daemon process that handles requests. The daemon\nprocess can run as a different user than the Web server, possibly\nleading to improved security. The daemon process can be restarted\nwithout restarting the entire Apache Web server, possibly making\nrefreshing your codebase more seamless. Consult the mod_wsgi\ndocumentation to determine which mode is right for your setup. Make\nsure you have Apache installed with the mod_wsgi module activated.\nDjango will work with any version of Apache that supports mod_wsgi.</p>\n<p>インストール完了後の mod_wsgi の設定方法に関する情報については、<a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/ja/2.2/howto/deployment/wsgi/modwsgi/\"><span class=\"doc\">Django を Apache と mod_swgi とともに使うには？</span></a> を読んでください。</p>\n<p>何らかの理由により mod_wsgi が使えなかったとしても、心配はいりません。Django は他にもさまざまな開発オプションをサポートしています。そのうちの一つは <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/ja/2.2/howto/deployment/wsgi/uwsgi/\"><span class=\"doc\">uWSGI</span></a> で、<a class=\"reference external\" href=\"https://nginx.org/\">nginx</a> と非常に上手く連携できます。さらに、Django は WSGI の仕様 (<span class=\"target\" id=\"index-2\"></span><a class=\"pep reference external\" href=\"https://peps.python.org/pep-3333/\"><strong>PEP 3333</strong></a>) を満たしているので、各種のサーバープラットフォーム上で動作することが保証されています。</p>\n</section>\n<section id=\"get-your-database-running\">\n<span id=\"database-installation\"></span><h2>データベースを動かす<a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#get-your-database-running\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this heading</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></h2>\n<p>Django のデータベース API 機能を使う予定なら、 データベースサーバーが動いている必要があります。 Django はたくさんのデータベースサーバーをサポートしており、また <a class=\"reference external\" href=\"https://www.postgresql.org/\">PostgreSQL</a>, <a class=\"reference external\" href=\"https://www.mysql.com/\">MySQL</a>, <a class=\"reference external\" href=\"https://www.oracle.com/\">Oracle</a>, <a class=\"reference external\" href=\"https://www.sqlite.org/\">SQLite</a> からは公式にサポートされています。</p>\n<p>If you are developing a simple project or something you don't plan to deploy\nin a production environment, SQLite is generally the simplest option as it\ndoesn't require running a separate server. However, SQLite has many differences\nfrom other databases, so if you are working on something substantial, it's\nrecommended to develop with the same database that you plan on using in\nproduction.</p>\n<p>公式にサポートされているデータベースの他に、サードパーティ製のバックエンドもあります（これらを使うと、他のデータベースを Django から使えます）。</p>\n<p>バックエンドに加えて、 Python のデータベースバインディングをインストールする必要があります。</p>\n<ul class=\"simple\">\n<li><p>もし PostgreSQL を使うなら、 <a class=\"reference external\" href=\"http://initd.org/psycopg/\">psycopg2</a> パッケージが必要になります。詳細は <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/ja/2.2/ref/databases/#postgresql-notes\"><span class=\"std std-ref\">PostgreSQL notes</span></a> を見てください。</p></li>\n<li><p>MySQL を使うなら、 <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">mysqlclient</span></code> のような <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/ja/2.2/ref/databases/#mysql-db-api-drivers\"><span class=\"std std-ref\">DB API driver</span></a> が必要になります。詳細は <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/ja/2.2/ref/databases/#mysql-notes\"><span class=\"std std-ref\">notes for the MySQL backend</span></a> を見てください。</p></li>\n<li><p>SQLite を使うなら、 <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/ja/2.2/ref/databases/#sqlite-notes\"><span class=\"std std-ref\">SQLite backend notes</span></a> を読むと良いでしょう。</p></li>\n<li><p>Oracle を使うなら <a class=\"reference external\" href=\"https://oracle.github.io/python-cx_Oracle/\">cx_Oracle</a> のコピーが必要ですが、 <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/ja/2.2/ref/databases/#oracle-notes\"><span class=\"std std-ref\">notes for the Oracle backend</span></a> を読んで、 Oracle と <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">cx_Oracle</span></code> の両方について、 Django がサポートするバージョンを確認してください。</p></li>\n<li><p>もし非公式のサードパーティ製バックエンドを使う場合、その他の動作要件についてはそのドキュメントを確認してください。</p></li>\n</ul>\n<p>もし Django の <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">manage.py</span> <span class=\"pre\">migrate</span></code> コマンドを使って自動的にデータベースのテーブルを作る (Django のインストールとプロジェクト作成のあとに) つもりなら、そのデータベースに対して Django が create table, alter table のパーミッションを持つ必要があります。一方、手動でテーブルを作るつもりなら、 Django に対して <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">SELECT</span></code>, <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">INSERT</span></code>, <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">UPDATE</span></code>, <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">DELETE</span></code> のパーミッションを与えるだけでOKです。これらのパーミッションを付与してデータベースユーザを作成したあと、プロジェクトの設定ファイルで詳細を指定することになります。詳細については <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/ja/2.2/ref/settings/#std-setting-DATABASES\"><code class=\"xref std std-setting docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">DATABASES</span></code></a> を見てください。</p>\n<p>データベースのクエリをテストするために Django の <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/ja/2.2/topics/testing/\"><span class=\"doc\">testing framework</span></a> を使う場合、テスト用データベースを作成するためのパーミッションが Django に必要です。</p>\n</section>\n<section id=\"install-the-django-code\">\n<span id=\"install-django-code\"></span><h2>Install the Django code<a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#install-the-django-code\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this heading</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></h2>\n<p>Installation instructions are slightly different depending on whether you're\ninstalling a distribution-specific package, downloading the latest official\nrelease, or fetching the latest development version.</p>\n<p>It's easy, no matter which way you choose.</p>\n<section id=\"installing-an-official-release-with-pip\">\n<span id=\"installing-official-release\"></span><h3>Installing an official release with <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">pip</span></code><a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#installing-an-official-release-with-pip\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this heading</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></h3>\n<p>This is the recommended way to install Django.</p>\n<ol class=\"arabic\">\n<li><p>Install <a class=\"reference external\" href=\"https://pip.pypa.io/\">pip</a>. The easiest is to use the <a class=\"reference external\" href=\"https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/installing/#installing-with-get-pip-py\">standalone pip installer</a>. If your\ndistribution already has <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">pip</span></code> installed, you might need to update it if\nit's outdated. If it's outdated, you'll know because installation won't\nwork.</p></li>\n<li><p>Take a look at <a class=\"reference external\" href=\"https://virtualenv.pypa.io/\">virtualenv</a> and <a class=\"reference external\" href=\"https://virtualenvwrapper.readthedocs.io/en/latest/\">virtualenvwrapper</a>. These tools provide\nisolated Python environments, which are more practical than installing\npackages systemwide. They also allow installing packages without\nadministrator privileges. The <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/ja/2.2/intro/contributing/\"><span class=\"doc\">contributing tutorial</span></a> walks through how to create a virtualenv.</p></li>\n<li><p>After you've created and activated a virtual environment, enter the command:</p>\n<div class=\"console\" data-console><div class=\"console-panel\" data-platform=\"unix\"><p class=\"console-label\" id=\"console-0-unix-label\">Linux / macOS</p><div class=\"code-block\" data-language=\"console\"><div class=\"code-block-toolbar\"><span class=\"code-block-language\">Shell</span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-button\" data-copy hidden><span class=\"copy-button-label\">Copy</span></button></div><pre role=\"group\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Shell code\"><code><span class=\"gp\">$ </span>pip<span class=\"w\"> </span>install<span class=\"w\"> </span>Django\n</code></pre></div>\n</div><div class=\"console-panel\" data-platform=\"windows\"><p class=\"console-label\" id=\"console-0-windows-label\">Windows</p><div class=\"code-block\" data-language=\"doscon\"><div class=\"code-block-toolbar\"><span class=\"code-block-language\">Windows</span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-button\" data-copy hidden><span class=\"copy-button-label\">Copy</span></button></div><pre role=\"group\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Windows shell\"><code><span class=\"gp\">...\\&gt;</span> pip install Django\n</code></pre></div></div></div>\n</li>\n</ol>\n</section>\n<section id=\"installing-a-distribution-specific-package\">\n<span id=\"installing-distribution-package\"></span><h3>Installing a distribution-specific package<a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#installing-a-distribution-specific-package\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this heading</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></h3>\n<p>Check the <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/ja/2.2/misc/distributions/\"><span class=\"doc\">distribution specific notes</span></a> to see if\nyour platform/distribution provides official Django packages/installers.\nDistribution-provided packages will typically allow for automatic installation\nof dependencies and easy upgrade paths; however, these packages will rarely\ncontain the latest release of Django.</p>\n</section>\n<section id=\"installing-the-development-version\">\n<span id=\"installing-development-version\"></span><h3>Installing the development version<a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#installing-the-development-version\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this heading</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></h3>\n<aside class=\"admonition-tracking-django-development admonition\">\n<p class=\"admonition-title\">Tracking Django development</p>\n<p>If you decide to use the latest development version of Django,\nyou'll want to pay close attention to <a class=\"reference external\" href=\"https://code.djangoproject.com/timeline\">the development timeline</a>,\nand you'll want to keep an eye on the <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/ja/2.2/releases/#development-release-notes\"><span class=\"std std-ref\">release notes for the\nupcoming release</span></a>. This will help you stay\non top of any new features you might want to use, as well as any changes\nyou'll need to make to your code when updating your copy of Django.\n(For stable releases, any necessary changes are documented in the\nrelease notes.)</p>\n</aside>\n<p>If you'd like to be able to update your Django code occasionally with the\nlatest bug fixes and improvements, follow these instructions:</p>\n<ol class=\"arabic\">\n<li><p>Make sure that you have <a class=\"reference external\" href=\"https://git-scm.com/\">Git</a> installed and that you can run its commands\nfrom a shell. (Enter <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">git</span> <span class=\"pre\">help</span></code> at a shell prompt to test this.)</p></li>\n<li><p>Check out Django's main development branch like so:</p>\n<div class=\"console\" data-console><div class=\"console-panel\" data-platform=\"unix\"><p class=\"console-label\" id=\"console-1-unix-label\">Linux / macOS</p><div class=\"code-block\" data-language=\"console\"><div class=\"code-block-toolbar\"><span class=\"code-block-language\">Shell</span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-button\" data-copy hidden><span class=\"copy-button-label\">Copy</span></button></div><pre role=\"group\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Shell code\"><code><span class=\"gp\">$ </span>git<span class=\"w\"> </span>clone<span class=\"w\"> </span>https://github.com/django/django.git\n</code></pre></div>\n</div><div class=\"console-panel\" data-platform=\"windows\"><p class=\"console-label\" id=\"console-1-windows-label\">Windows</p><div class=\"code-block\" data-language=\"doscon\"><div class=\"code-block-toolbar\"><span class=\"code-block-language\">Windows</span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-button\" data-copy hidden><span class=\"copy-button-label\">Copy</span></button></div><pre role=\"group\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Windows shell\"><code><span class=\"gp\">...\\&gt;</span> git clone https://github.com/django/django.git\n</code></pre></div></div></div>\n<p>This will create a directory <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">django</span></code> in your current directory.</p>\n</li>\n<li><p>Make sure that the Python interpreter can load Django's code. The most\nconvenient way to do this is to use <a class=\"reference external\" href=\"https://virtualenv.pypa.io/\">virtualenv</a>, <a class=\"reference external\" href=\"https://virtualenvwrapper.readthedocs.io/en/latest/\">virtualenvwrapper</a>, and\n<a class=\"reference external\" href=\"https://pip.pypa.io/\">pip</a>. The <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/ja/2.2/intro/contributing/\"><span class=\"doc\">contributing tutorial</span></a> walks through\nhow to create a virtualenv.</p></li>\n<li><p>After setting up and activating the virtualenv, run the following command:</p>\n<div class=\"console\" data-console><div class=\"console-panel\" data-platform=\"unix\"><p class=\"console-label\" id=\"console-2-unix-label\">Linux / macOS</p><div class=\"code-block\" data-language=\"console\"><div class=\"code-block-toolbar\"><span class=\"code-block-language\">Shell</span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-button\" data-copy hidden><span class=\"copy-button-label\">Copy</span></button></div><pre role=\"group\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Shell code\"><code><span class=\"gp\">$ </span>pip<span class=\"w\"> </span>install<span class=\"w\"> </span>-e<span class=\"w\"> </span>django/\n</code></pre></div>\n</div><div class=\"console-panel\" data-platform=\"windows\"><p class=\"console-label\" id=\"console-2-windows-label\">Windows</p><div class=\"code-block\" data-language=\"doscon\"><div class=\"code-block-toolbar\"><span class=\"code-block-language\">Windows</span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-button\" data-copy hidden><span class=\"copy-button-label\">Copy</span></button></div><pre role=\"group\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Windows shell\"><code><span class=\"gp\">...\\&gt;</span> pip install -e django\\\n</code></pre></div></div></div>\n<p>This will make Django's code importable, and will also make the\n<code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">django-admin</span></code> utility command available. In other words, you're all\nset!</p>\n</li>\n</ol>\n<p>When you want to update your copy of the Django source code, just run the\ncommand <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">git</span> <span class=\"pre\">pull</span></code> from within the <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">django</span></code> directory. When you do this,\nGit will automatically download any changes.</p>\n</section>\n</section>","rootId":"how-to-install-django","toc":[{"title":"Python をインストールする","anchor":"install-python","children":[]},{"title":"Apache と mod_wsgi のインストール","anchor":"install-apache-and-mod-wsgi","children":[]},{"title":"データベースを動かす","anchor":"get-your-database-running","children":[]},{"title":"Install the Django code","anchor":"install-the-django-code","children":[{"title":"Installing an official release with pip","anchor":"installing-an-official-release-with-pip","children":[]},{"title":"Installing a distribution-specific package","anchor":"installing-a-distribution-specific-package","children":[]},{"title":"Installing the development version","anchor":"installing-the-development-version","children":[]}]}],"breadcrumbs":[{"docname":"topics/index","title":"Django を使う","url":"/ja/2.2/topics/"}],"prev":{"docname":"topics/index","title":"Django を使う","url":"/ja/2.2/topics/"},"next":{"docname":"topics/db/index","title":"モデルとデータベース","url":"/ja/2.2/topics/db/"},"formats":{"html":"/ja/2.2/topics/install/","markdown":"/ja/2.2/topics/install.md","json":"/ja/2.2/topics/install.json"},"source":"https://github.com/django/django/blob/stable/2.2.x/docs/topics/install.txt","official":"https://docs.djangoproject.com/ja/2.2/topics/install/","inVersions":["6.1","6.0","5.2","5.1","5.0","4.2","4.1","4.0","3.2","3.1","3.0","2.2","2.1","2.0","1.11","1.10","1.9"],"inLocales":["en","zh-hans","fr","ja","id","pt-br","ko","es","el","pl"]}