---
title: "Django で PDF を出力する"
version: 2.2
locale: ja
source: https://docs.djangoproject.com/ja/2.2/howto/outputting-pdf/
canonical: https://djangodocs.dev/ja/2.2/howto/outputting-pdf/
---
# Django で PDF を出力する

This document explains how to output PDF files dynamically using Django views.
This is made possible by the excellent, open-source [ReportLab](https://www.reportlab.com/opensource/) Python PDF
library.

The advantage of generating PDF files dynamically is that you can create
customized PDFs for different purposes -- say, for different users or different
pieces of content.

For example, Django was used at [kusports.com](http://www.kusports.com/) to generate customized,
printer-friendly NCAA tournament brackets, as PDF files, for people
participating in a March Madness contest.

## ReportLab をインストールする

The ReportLab library is [available on PyPI](https://pypi.org/project/reportlab/). A [user guide](https://www.reportlab.com/docs/reportlab-userguide.pdf) (not
coincidentally, a PDF file) is also available for download.
You can install ReportLab with `pip`:

```console
$ pip install reportlab
```

*Windows*

```doscon
...\> pip install reportlab
```

Test your installation by importing it in the Python interactive interpreter:

```
>>> import reportlab
```

If that command doesn't raise any errors, the installation worked.

## Write your view

The key to generating PDFs dynamically with Django is that the ReportLab API
acts on file-like objects, and Django's [`FileResponse`](/ja/2.2/ref/request-response/#django.http.FileResponse)
objects accept file-like objects.

Here's a "Hello World" example:

```
import io
from django.http import FileResponse
from reportlab.pdfgen import canvas

def some_view(request):
    # Create a file-like buffer to receive PDF data.
    buffer = io.BytesIO()

    # Create the PDF object, using the buffer as its "file."
    p = canvas.Canvas(buffer)

    # Draw things on the PDF. Here's where the PDF generation happens.
    # See the ReportLab documentation for the full list of functionality.
    p.drawString(100, 100, "Hello world.")

    # Close the PDF object cleanly, and we're done.
    p.showPage()
    p.save()

    # FileResponse sets the Content-Disposition header so that browsers
    # present the option to save the file.
    buffer.seek(0)
    return FileResponse(buffer, as_attachment=True, filename='hello.pdf')
```

コードとコメントが自分自身の意味を説明しているはずですが、いくつかの点には言及しておくべきでしょう。

- The response will automatically set the MIME type `application/pdf`
  based on the filename extension. This tells browsers that the document is a
  PDF file, rather than an HTML file or a generic application/octet-stream
  binary content.
- When `as_attachment=True` is passed to `FileResponse`, it sets the
  appropriate `Content-Disposition` header and that tells Web browsers to
  pop-up a dialog box prompting/confirming how to handle the document even if a
  default is set on the machine. If the `as_attachment` parameter is omitted,
  browsers will handle the PDF using whatever program/plugin they've been
  configured to use for PDFs.
- You can provide an arbitrary `filename` parameter. It'll be used by browsers
  in the "Save as..." dialog.
- Hooking into the ReportLab API is easy: The same buffer passed as the first
  argument to `canvas.Canvas` can be fed to the
  [`FileResponse`](/ja/2.2/ref/request-response/#django.http.FileResponse) class.
- Note that all subsequent PDF-generation methods are called on the PDF
  object (in this case, `p`) -- not on `buffer`.
- Finally, it's important to call `showPage()` and `save()` on the PDF
  file.

> **Note**
>
> ReportLab is not thread-safe. Some of our users have reported odd issues
> with building PDF-generating Django views that are accessed by many people
> at the same time.

## Other formats

Notice that there isn't a lot in these examples that's PDF-specific -- just the
bits using `reportlab`. You can use a similar technique to generate any
arbitrary format that you can find a Python library for. Also see
[Django で CSV を出力する](/ja/2.2/howto/outputting-csv/) for another example and some techniques you can use
when generated text-based formats.

> **See also**
>
> Django Packages provides a [comparison of packages](https://djangopackages.org/grids/g/pdf/) that help generate PDF files
> from Django.