{"title":"Come autenticarsi usando REMOTE_USER","version":"6.1","locale":"it","docname":"howto/auth-remote-user","url":"/it/6.1/howto/auth-remote-user/","canonical":"https://djangodocs.dev/it/6.1/howto/auth-remote-user/","summary":"This document describes how to make use of external authentication sources in your Django applications. This type of authentication solution is typically seen on…","html":"<h1>Come autenticarsi usando <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">REMOTE_USER</span></code><a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#how-to-authenticate-using-remote-user\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this heading</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></h1>\n<p>This document describes how to make use of external authentication sources in\nyour Django applications. This type of authentication solution is typically\nseen on intranet sites, with single sign-on solutions such as IIS and\nIntegrated Windows Authentication or Apache and <a class=\"reference external\" href=\"https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_authnz_ldap.html\">mod_authnz_ldap</a>, <a class=\"reference external\" href=\"https://www.apereo.org/projects/cas\">CAS</a>,\n<a class=\"reference external\" href=\"https://uit.stanford.edu/service/authentication\">WebAuth</a>, <a class=\"reference external\" href=\"https://sourceforge.net/projects/mod-auth-sspi\">mod_auth_sspi</a>, etc.</p>\n<p>When the web server takes care of authentication it typically provides the\nauthenticated user as <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">REMOTE_USER</span></code>. In Django, this value is made available\nin <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/it/6.1/ref/request-response/#django.http.HttpRequest.META\" title=\"django.http.HttpRequest.META\"><code class=\"xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">request.META</span></code></a> (as <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">REMOTE_USER</span></code> when\nsupplied as an environment variable, as in WSGI, or <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">HTTP_REMOTE_USER</span></code> when\nsupplied via an HTTP header, as in ASGI). Django can be configured to make use\nof the <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">REMOTE_USER</span></code> value using the <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">RemoteUserMiddleware</span></code> or\n<code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">PersistentRemoteUserMiddleware</span></code>, and\n<a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/it/6.1/ref/contrib/auth/#django.contrib.auth.backends.RemoteUserBackend\" title=\"django.contrib.auth.backends.RemoteUserBackend\"><code class=\"xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">RemoteUserBackend</span></code></a> classes found in\n<a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/it/6.1/topics/auth/#module-django.contrib.auth\" title=\"django.contrib.auth: Django's authentication framework.\"><code class=\"xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">django.contrib.auth</span></code></a>.</p>\n<section id=\"configuration\">\n<h2>Configurazione<a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#configuration\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this heading</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></h2>\n<p>In primo luogo, devi aggiungere la classe <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/it/6.1/ref/middleware/#django.contrib.auth.middleware.RemoteUserMiddleware\" title=\"django.contrib.auth.middleware.RemoteUserMiddleware\"><code class=\"xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">django.contrib.auth.middleware.RemoteUserMiddleware</span></code></a> nel file settings.py <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/it/6.1/ref/settings/#std-setting-MIDDLEWARE\"><code class=\"xref std std-setting docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">MIDDLEWARE</span></code></a>  posizionato <strong>dopo</strong> la classe <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/it/6.1/ref/middleware/#django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware\" title=\"django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware\"><code class=\"xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware</span></code></a>:</p>\n<div class=\"code-block\" data-language=\"default\"><div class=\"code-block-toolbar\"><span class=\"code-block-language\">Code</span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-button\" data-copy hidden><span class=\"copy-button-label\">Copy</span></button></div><pre role=\"group\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Code code\"><code><span class=\"n\">MIDDLEWARE</span> <span class=\"o\">=</span> <span class=\"p\">[</span>\n    <span class=\"s2\">&quot;...&quot;</span><span class=\"p\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"s2\">&quot;django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware&quot;</span><span class=\"p\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"s2\">&quot;django.contrib.auth.middleware.RemoteUserMiddleware&quot;</span><span class=\"p\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"s2\">&quot;...&quot;</span><span class=\"p\">,</span>\n<span class=\"p\">]</span>\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>Poi, devi sostituire <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/it/6.1/ref/contrib/auth/#django.contrib.auth.backends.ModelBackend\" title=\"django.contrib.auth.backends.ModelBackend\"><code class=\"xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">ModelBackend</span></code></a> con <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/it/6.1/ref/contrib/auth/#django.contrib.auth.backends.RemoteUserBackend\" title=\"django.contrib.auth.backends.RemoteUserBackend\"><code class=\"xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">RemoteUserBackend</span></code></a> nella impostazione di <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/it/6.1/ref/settings/#std-setting-AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS\"><code class=\"xref std std-setting docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS</span></code></a></p>\n<div class=\"code-block\" data-language=\"default\"><div class=\"code-block-toolbar\"><span class=\"code-block-language\">Code</span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-button\" data-copy hidden><span class=\"copy-button-label\">Copy</span></button></div><pre role=\"group\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Code code\"><code><span class=\"n\">AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS</span> <span class=\"o\">=</span> <span class=\"p\">[</span>\n    <span class=\"s2\">&quot;django.contrib.auth.backends.RemoteUserBackend&quot;</span><span class=\"p\">,</span>\n<span class=\"p\">]</span>\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>With this setup, <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">RemoteUserMiddleware</span></code> will detect the username in\n<code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">request.META['REMOTE_USER']</span></code> (or <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">request.META['HTTP_REMOTE_USER']</span></code> under\nASGI) and will authenticate and auto-login that user\nusing the <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/it/6.1/ref/contrib/auth/#django.contrib.auth.backends.RemoteUserBackend\" title=\"django.contrib.auth.backends.RemoteUserBackend\"><code class=\"xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">RemoteUserBackend</span></code></a>.</p>\n<p>Sii cosciente che questa particolare configurazione disabilita l’autenticazione con il <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">ModelBackend</span></code> di default. Questo significa che se il valore di  <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">REMOTE_USER</span></code> non è impostato, l’utente non potrà fare log in, anche utilizzando l’interfaccia di amministrazione di Django. Aggiungendo <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">'django.contrib.auth.backends.ModelBackend'</span></code> all’elenco <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS</span></code> si userà <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">ModelBackend</span></code> come ripiego se è assente <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">REMOTE_USER</span></code> , risolvendo questo inconveniente.</p>\n<p>La gestione utenti di Django, come le view in <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">contrib.admin</span></code> e il comando di gestione <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/it/6.1/ref/django-admin/#django-admin-createsuperuser\"><code class=\"xref std std-djadmin docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">createsuperuser</span></code></a> , non si integrano con gli utenti remoti. Queste interfacce lavorano con gli utenti memorizzati nel database, indipendentemente dagli <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS</span></code>.</p>\n<aside class=\"admonition admonition-note\" role=\"note\">\n<p class=\"admonition-title\">Nota</p>\n<p>Poiché il <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">RemoteUserBackend</span></code> eredita da <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">ModelBackend</span></code>, avrai ancora tutto il controllo sui permessi che è implementato in <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">ModelBackend</span></code>.</p>\n<p>Gli utenti con l’attributo <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/it/6.1/ref/contrib/auth/#django.contrib.auth.models.User.is_active\" title=\"django.contrib.auth.models.User.is_active\"><code class=\"xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">is_active=False</span></code></a> non avranno il permesso di autenticarsi. Usa <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/it/6.1/ref/contrib/auth/#django.contrib.auth.backends.AllowAllUsersRemoteUserBackend\" title=\"django.contrib.auth.backends.AllowAllUsersRemoteUserBackend\"><code class=\"xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">AllowAllUsersRemoteUserBackend</span></code></a> se vuoi permettere l’autenticazione.</p>\n</aside>\n<p>If your authentication mechanism uses a custom HTTP header and not\n<code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">REMOTE_USER</span></code>, you can subclass <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">RemoteUserMiddleware</span></code> and set the\n<code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">header</span></code> attribute to the desired <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">request.META</span></code> key. For example:</p>\n<figure class=\"code-block code-block-captioned\" data-language=\"python\"><figcaption class=\"code-block-caption\"><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">mysite/middleware.py</span></code></figcaption>\n<div class=\"code-block-toolbar\"><span class=\"code-block-language\">Python</span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-button\" data-copy hidden><span class=\"copy-button-label\">Copy</span></button></div><pre role=\"group\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Python code\"><code> <span class=\"kn\">from</span><span class=\"w\"> </span><span class=\"nn\">django.contrib.auth.middleware</span><span class=\"w\"> </span><span class=\"kn\">import</span> <span class=\"n\">RemoteUserMiddleware</span>\n\n\n <span class=\"k\">class</span><span class=\"w\"> </span><span class=\"nc\">CustomHeaderRemoteUserMiddleware</span><span class=\"p\">(</span><span class=\"n\">RemoteUserMiddleware</span><span class=\"p\">):</span>\n     <span class=\"n\">header</span> <span class=\"o\">=</span> <span class=\"s2\">&quot;HTTP_AUTHUSER&quot;</span>\n</code></pre></figure>\n<p>This custom middleware is then used in the <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/it/6.1/ref/settings/#std-setting-MIDDLEWARE\"><code class=\"xref std std-setting docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">MIDDLEWARE</span></code></a> setting\ninstead of <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/it/6.1/ref/middleware/#django.contrib.auth.middleware.RemoteUserMiddleware\" title=\"django.contrib.auth.middleware.RemoteUserMiddleware\"><code class=\"xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">django.contrib.auth.middleware.RemoteUserMiddleware</span></code></a>:</p>\n<div class=\"code-block\" data-language=\"default\"><div class=\"code-block-toolbar\"><span class=\"code-block-language\">Code</span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-button\" data-copy hidden><span class=\"copy-button-label\">Copy</span></button></div><pre role=\"group\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Code code\"><code><span class=\"n\">MIDDLEWARE</span> <span class=\"o\">=</span> <span class=\"p\">[</span>\n    <span class=\"s2\">&quot;...&quot;</span><span class=\"p\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"s2\">&quot;django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware&quot;</span><span class=\"p\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"s2\">&quot;mysite.middleware.CustomHeaderRemoteUserMiddleware&quot;</span><span class=\"p\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"s2\">&quot;...&quot;</span><span class=\"p\">,</span>\n<span class=\"p\">]</span>\n</code></pre></div>\n<aside class=\"admonition admonition-warning\" role=\"note\">\n<p class=\"admonition-title\">Avvertimento</p>\n<p><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">RemoteUserMiddleware</span></code> must not be deployed in configurations where a\nclient can supply the header. You must be sure that your web server or\nreverse proxy always sets or strips that header based on the appropriate\nauthentication checks, never permitting an end user to submit a fake (or\n«spoofed») header value.</p>\n<p>Since the HTTP headers <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">X-Auth-User</span></code> and <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">X-Auth_User</span></code> (for example)\nboth normalize to the <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">HTTP_X_AUTH_USER</span></code> key in <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">request.META</span></code>, you\nmust also check that your web server doesn’t allow a spoofed header using\nunderscores in place of dashes.</p>\n<p>Under WSGI, this warning doesn’t apply to <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">RemoteUserMiddleware</span></code> in its\ndefault configuration with <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">header</span> <span class=\"pre\">=</span> <span class=\"pre\">&quot;REMOTE_USER&quot;</span></code>, since a key that\ndoesn’t start with <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">HTTP_</span></code> in <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">request.META</span></code> can only be set by your\nWSGI server, not directly from an HTTP request header.</p>\n<p>This warning applies under ASGI in all configurations, because there is\nno equivalent for a WSGI server’s ability to place a trusted value in the\nenviron. ASGI deployments <em>must</em> use a reverse proxy as described above\nwhen using this middleware.</p>\n</aside>\n<p>Se hai necessità di più controllo, puoi creare il tuo backend di autenticazione che eredita da <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/it/6.1/ref/contrib/auth/#django.contrib.auth.backends.RemoteUserBackend\" title=\"django.contrib.auth.backends.RemoteUserBackend\"><code class=\"xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">RemoteUserBackend</span></code></a> e sostituisce uno o più dei suoi attributi e metodi.</p>\n</section>\n<section id=\"using-remote-user-on-login-pages-only\">\n<span id=\"persistent-remote-user-middleware-howto\"></span><h2>Usare <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">REMOTE_USER</span></code> solo sulle pagine di login<a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#using-remote-user-on-login-pages-only\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this heading</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></h2>\n<p>Il <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">RemoteUserMiddleware</span></code> presuppone che l’intestazione HTTP <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">REMOTE_USER</span></code> sia presente in tutte le richieste che necessitano di autenticazione. Può essere quindi usato quando si ha a che fare con il Basic HTTP Auth con <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">htpasswd</span></code> o altri semplici meccanismi; quando invece si usa Negotiate (GSSAPI/Kerberos) o un altro metodo di autenticazione che richiede maggiori risorse, l’autenticazione nel server HTTP di front-end è normalmente utilizzata in ambienti ristretti con pochi URL di accesso, e dopo un’autenticazione riuscita, si suppone che l’applicazione mantenga autonomamente la sessione autenticata.</p>\n<p><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/it/6.1/ref/middleware/#django.contrib.auth.middleware.PersistentRemoteUserMiddleware\" title=\"django.contrib.auth.middleware.PersistentRemoteUserMiddleware\"><code class=\"xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">PersistentRemoteUserMiddleware</span></code></a> fornisce supporto per questo caso d’uso. Mantiene la sessione autenticata fino ad un logout esplicito dell’utente. La classe può essere usata in sostituzione in cascata di <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/it/6.1/ref/middleware/#django.contrib.auth.middleware.RemoteUserMiddleware\" title=\"django.contrib.auth.middleware.RemoteUserMiddleware\"><code class=\"xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">RemoteUserMiddleware</span></code></a> nella documentazione di cui sopra.</p>\n</section>","rootId":"how-to-authenticate-using-remote-user","toc":[{"title":"Configurazione","anchor":"configuration","children":[]},{"title":"Usare REMOTE_USER solo sulle pagine di login","anchor":"using-remote-user-on-login-pages-only","children":[]}],"breadcrumbs":[{"docname":"howto/index","title":"How-to guides","url":"/it/6.1/howto/"}],"prev":{"docname":"howto/static-files/deployment","title":"Come distribuire file statici","url":"/it/6.1/howto/static-files/deployment/"},"next":{"docname":"howto/csp","title":"How to use Django’s Content Security Policy","url":"/it/6.1/howto/csp/"},"formats":{"html":"/it/6.1/howto/auth-remote-user/","markdown":"/it/6.1/howto/auth-remote-user.md","json":"/it/6.1/howto/auth-remote-user.json"},"source":"https://github.com/django/django/blob/stable/6.1.x/docs/howto/auth-remote-user.txt","official":"https://docs.djangoproject.com/it/6.1/howto/auth-remote-user/","inVersions":["6.1","6.0","5.2","5.1","5.0","4.2","4.1","4.0","3.2"],"inLocales":["en","sv","zh-hans","ga","fr","ja","id","it","pt-br","ko","es","el","pl"]}