--- title: "Indeks model khusus PostgreSQL" version: 6.1 locale: id source: https://docs.djangoproject.com/id/6.1/ref/contrib/postgres/indexes/ canonical: https://djangodocs.dev/id/6.1/ref/contrib/postgres/indexes/ --- # Indeks model khusus PostgreSQL Berikut adalah [indexes](/id/6.1/ref/models/indexes/) khusus PostgreSQL tersedia dari modul `django.contrib.postgres.indexes`. ## `BloomIndex` #### `class BloomIndex(*expressions, length=None, columns=(), **options)` Creates a [bloom](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/bloom.html) index. To use this index access you need to activate the [bloom](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/bloom.html) extension on PostgreSQL. You can install it using the [`BloomExtension`](/id/6.1/ref/contrib/postgres/operations/#django.contrib.postgres.operations.BloomExtension) migration operation. Provide an integer number of bits from 1 to 4096 to the `length` parameter to specify the length of each index entry. PostgreSQL's default is 80. The `columns` argument takes a tuple or list of up to 32 values that are integer number of bits from 1 to 4095. ## `BrinIndex` #### `class BrinIndex(*expressions, autosummarize=None, pages_per_range=None, **options)` Buat [BRIN index](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/brin.html). Lihat parameter `autosummarize` menjadi `True` untuk mengadakan [automatic summarization](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/brin.html#BRIN-OPERATION) untuk dilakukan oleh autovacuum. Argumen `pages_per_range` megnambil integer positif. ## `BTreeIndex` #### `class BTreeIndex(*expressions, fillfactor=None, deduplicate_items=None, **options)` Membuat sebuah indeks B-Tree. Sediakan nilai integer dari 10 ke 100 pada parameter [fillfactor](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-createindex.html#SQL-CREATEINDEX-STORAGE-PARAMETERS) untuk mengatur bagaimana halaman indeks dibungkus. Awalan PostgreSQL adalah 90. Provide a boolean value to the [deduplicate\_items](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/btree.html#BTREE-DEDUPLICATION) parameter to control whether deduplication is enabled. PostgreSQL enables deduplication by default. ## `GinIndex` #### `class GinIndex(*expressions, fastupdate=None, gin_pending_list_limit=None, **options)` Membuat sebuah [gin index](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/gin.html). To use this index on data types not in the [built-in operator classes](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/gin.html#GIN-BUILTIN-OPCLASSES), you need to activate the [btree\_gin extension](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/btree-gin.html) on PostgreSQL. You can install it using the [`BtreeGinExtension`](/id/6.1/ref/contrib/postgres/operations/#django.contrib.postgres.operations.BtreeGinExtension) migration operation. Setel parameter `fastupdate` menjadi `False` untuk meniadakan [GIN Fast Update Technique](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/gin.html#GIN-FAST-UPDATE) yang diadakan secara awalan di PostgreSQL. Provide an integer number of kilobytes to the [gin\_pending\_list\_limit](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/runtime-config-client.html#GUC-GIN-PENDING-LIST-LIMIT) parameter to tune the maximum size of the GIN pending list which is used when `fastupdate` is enabled. ## `GistIndex` #### `class GistIndex(*expressions, buffering=None, fillfactor=None, **options)` Membuat sebuah [GiST index](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/gist.html). Indeks-indeks ini otomatis dibuat pada bidang spasial dengan [`spatial_index=True`](/id/6.1/ref/contrib/gis/model-api/#django.contrib.gis.db.models.BaseSpatialField.spatial_index). Mereka juga berguna pada jenis lain, seperti [`HStoreField`](/id/6.1/ref/contrib/postgres/fields/#django.contrib.postgres.fields.HStoreField) atau [range fields](/id/6.1/ref/contrib/postgres/fields/#range-fields). To use this index on data types not in the built-in [gist operator classes](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/gist.html#GIST-BUILTIN-OPCLASSES), you need to activate the [btree\_gist extension](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/btree-gist.html) on PostgreSQL. You can install it using the [`BtreeGistExtension`](/id/6.1/ref/contrib/postgres/operations/#django.contrib.postgres.operations.BtreeGistExtension) migration operation. Setel parameter `buffering` menjadi `True` atau `False` untuk secara manual mengadakan atau meniadakan [buffering build](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/gist.html#GIST-BUFFERING-BUILD) dari indeks. Sediakan nilai integer dari 10 ke 100 pada parameter [fillfactor](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-createindex.html#SQL-CREATEINDEX-STORAGE-PARAMETERS) untuk mengatur bagaimana halaman indeks dibungkus. Awalan PostgreSQL adalah 90. ## `HashIndex` #### `class HashIndex(*expressions, fillfactor=None, **options)` Membuat sebuah indeks campuran. Sediakan nilai integer dari 10 ke 100 pada parameter [fillfactor](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-createindex.html#SQL-CREATEINDEX-STORAGE-PARAMETERS) untuk mengatur bagaimana halaman indeks dibungkus. Awalan PostgreSQL adalah 90. ## `SpGistIndex` #### `class SpGistIndex(*expressions, fillfactor=None, **options)` Membuat sebuah [SP-GiST index](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/spgist.html). Sediakan nilai integer dari 10 ke 100 pada parameter [fillfactor](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-createindex.html#SQL-CREATEINDEX-STORAGE-PARAMETERS) untuk mengatur bagaimana halaman indeks dibungkus. Awalan PostgreSQL adalah 90. ## `OpClass()` expressions #### `class OpClass(expression, name)` An `OpClass()` expression represents the `expression` with a custom [operator class](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/indexes-opclass.html) that can be used to define functional indexes, functional unique constraints, or exclusion constraints. To use it, you need to add `'django.contrib.postgres'` in your [`INSTALLED_APPS`](/id/6.1/ref/settings/#std-setting-INSTALLED_APPS). Set the `name` parameter to the name of the [operator class](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/indexes-opclass.html). Sebagai contoh: ``` Index( OpClass(Lower("username"), name="varchar_pattern_ops"), name="lower_username_idx", ) ``` creates an index on `Lower('username')` using `varchar_pattern_ops`. ``` UniqueConstraint( OpClass(Upper("description"), name="text_pattern_ops"), name="upper_description_unique", ) ``` creates a unique constraint on `Upper('description')` using `text_pattern_ops`. ``` ExclusionConstraint( name="exclude_overlapping_ops", expressions=[ (OpClass("circle", name="circle_ops"), RangeOperators.OVERLAPS), ], ) ``` creates an exclusion constraint on `circle` using `circle_ops`.