This document describes Django's file access APIs for files such as those\nuploaded by a user. The lower level APIs are general enough that you could use\nthem for other purposes. If you want to handle "static files" (JS, CSS, etc.),\nsee Bagaimana mengelola berkas statik (misalnya gambar, JavaScript, CSS).
\nSecara awalan, Django menyimpan berkas-berkas secara lokal, menggunakan pengaturan MEDIA_ROOT dan MEDIA_URL. Contoh-contoh dibawah menganggap bahwa anda sedang menggunakan awalan-awalan ini.
However, Django provides ways to write custom file storage systems that\nallow you to completely customize where and how Django stores files. The\nsecond half of this document describes how these storage systems work.
\nKetika anda menggunakan FileField atau ImageField, Django menyediakan sekumpulan dari API anda dapat gunakan untuk berhbungan dengan berkas itu.
Pertimbangkan model berikut, menggunakan ImageField untuk menyimpan sebuah foto:
from django.db import models\n\n\nclass Car(models.Model):\n name = models.CharField(max_length=255)\n price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=5, decimal_places=2)\n photo = models.ImageField(upload_to="cars")\n specs = models.FileField(upload_to="specs")\nAny Car instance will have a photo attribute that you can use to get at\nthe details of the attached photo:
>>> car = Car.objects.get(name="57 Chevy")\n>>> car.photo\n<ImageFieldFile: cars/chevy.jpg>\n>>> car.photo.name\n'cars/chevy.jpg'\n>>> car.photo.path\n'/media/cars/chevy.jpg'\n>>> car.photo.url\n'https://media.example.com/cars/chevy.jpg'\nObyek ini -- car.photo dalam contoh -- adalah obyek File, yang berarti itu mempunyai semua metode-metode dan atribut-atribut digambarkan dibawah.
For example, you can change the file name by setting the file's\nname to a path relative to the file storage's\nlocation (MEDIA_ROOT if you are using the default\nFileSystemStorage):
>>> import os\n>>> from django.conf import settings\n>>> initial_path = car.photo.path\n>>> car.photo.name = "cars/chevy_ii.jpg"\n>>> new_path = settings.MEDIA_ROOT + car.photo.name\n>>> # Move the file on the filesystem\n>>> os.rename(initial_path, new_path)\n>>> car.save()\n>>> car.photo.path\n'/media/cars/chevy_ii.jpg'\n>>> car.photo.path == new_path\nTrue\nTo save an existing file on disk to a FileField:
>>> from pathlib import Path\n>>> from django.core.files import File\n>>> path = Path("/some/external/specs.pdf")\n>>> car = Car.objects.get(name="57 Chevy")\n>>> with path.open(mode="rb") as f:\n... car.specs = File(f, name=path.name)\n... car.save()\n...\nFileLink to this heading#Di bagian dalam, Django menggunakan sebuah instance django.core.files.File kapanpun itu butuh untuk mewakili sebuah berkas.
Most of the time you'll use a File that Django's given you (i.e. a file\nattached to a model as above, or perhaps an uploaded file).
If you need to construct a File yourself, the easiest way is to create one\nusing a Python built-in file object:
>>> from django.core.files import File\n\n# Create a Python file object using open()\n>>> f = open("/path/to/hello.world", "w")\n>>> myfile = File(f)\nSekarang anda dapat menggunakan atribut-atribut terdokumentasi apapun dan metode-metode dari kelas File.
Be aware that files created in this way are not automatically closed.\nThe following approach may be used to close files automatically:
\n>>> from django.core.files import File\n\n# Create a Python file object using open() and the with statement\n>>> with open("/path/to/hello.world", "w") as f:\n... myfile = File(f)\n... myfile.write("Hello World")\n...\n>>> myfile.closed\nTrue\n>>> f.closed\nTrue\nClosing files is especially important when accessing file fields in a loop\nover a large number of objects. If files are not manually closed after\naccessing them, the risk of running out of file descriptors may arise. This\nmay lead to the following error:
\nOSError: [Errno 24] Too many open files\nBehind the scenes, Django delegates decisions about how and where to store files\nto a file storage system. This is the object that actually understands things\nlike file systems, opening and reading files, etc.
\nDjango's default file storage is\n'django.core.files.storage.FileSystemStorage'. If you don't\nexplicitly provide a storage system in the default key of the\nSTORAGES setting, this is the one that will be used.
Lihat dibawah untuk rincian dari sistem penyimpanan berkas awalan siap-pakai, dan lihat Bagaimana menulis kelas penyimpanan disesuaikan untuk informasi pada menulis sistem penyimpanan berkas anda sendiri.
\nThough most of the time you'll want to use a File object (which delegates to\nthe proper storage for that file), you can use file storage systems directly.\nYou can create an instance of some custom file storage class, or -- often more\nuseful -- you can use the global default storage system:
>>> from django.core.files.base import ContentFile\n>>> from django.core.files.storage import default_storage\n\n>>> path = default_storage.save("path/to/file", ContentFile(b"new content"))\n>>> path\n'path/to/file'\n\n>>> default_storage.size(path)\n11\n>>> default_storage.open(path).read()\nb'new content'\n\n>>> default_storage.delete(path)\n>>> default_storage.exists(path)\nFalse\nLihat API penyimpanan berkas untuk API penyimpanan berkas.
\nDjango dibekali dengan kelas django.core.files.storage.FileSystemStorage yang menerapkan penyimpanan berkas sistem berkas lokal.
Sebagai contoh, kode berikut akan menyimpan berkas-berkas terunggah dibawah /media/photos meskipun dari apa pengaturan MEDIA_ROOT:
from django.core.files.storage import FileSystemStorage\nfrom django.db import models\n\nfs = FileSystemStorage(location="/media/photos")\n\n\nclass Car(models.Model):\n ...\n photo = models.ImageField(storage=fs)\nCustom storage systems 1 bekerja cara sama: anda dapat melewatkan mereka sebagai argumen storage pada sebuah FileField.
You can use a callable as the storage\nparameter for FileField or\nImageField. This allows you to modify the used\nstorage at runtime, selecting different storages for different environments,\nfor example.
Your callable will be evaluated when your models classes are loaded, and must\nreturn an instance of Storage.
Sebagai contoh:
\nfrom django.conf import settings\nfrom django.db import models\nfrom .storages import MyLocalStorage, MyRemoteStorage\n\n\ndef select_storage():\n return MyLocalStorage() if settings.DEBUG else MyRemoteStorage()\n\n\nclass MyModel(models.Model):\n my_file = models.FileField(storage=select_storage)\nIn order to set a storage defined in the STORAGES setting you can\nuse storages:
from django.core.files.storage import storages\n\n\ndef select_storage():\n return storages["mystorage"]\n\n\nclass MyModel(models.Model):\n upload = models.FileField(storage=select_storage)\n