---
title: "django-admin dan manage.py"
version: 5.1
locale: id
source: https://docs.djangoproject.com/id/5.1/ref/django-admin/
canonical: https://djangodocs.dev/id/5.1/ref/django-admin/
---
# `django-admin` dan `manage.py`

`django-admin` adalah kegunaan baris-perintah Django utnuk tugas-tugas administratif. Dokumen ini ringkasa semua itu dapat lakukan.

In addition, `manage.py` is automatically created in each Django project. It
does the same thing as `django-admin` but also sets the
[`DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE`](/id/5.1/topics/settings/#envvar-DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE) environment variable so that it points to your
project's `settings.py` file.

The `django-admin` script should be on your system path if you installed
Django via `pip`. If it's not in your path, ensure you have your virtual
environment activated.

Umumnya, ketika bekerja pada proyek Django tunggal, itu lebih mudah menggunakan `manage.py` daripada `django-admin`. Jika anda butuh mengganti diantara banyak berkas-berkas pengaturan Django, gunakan `django-admin` dengan pilihan baris perintah [`DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE`](/id/5.1/topics/settings/#envvar-DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE) atau [`--settings`](#cmdoption-settings).

Contoh-contoh baris-perintah sepanjang dokumen ini menggunakan `django-admin` untuk menjadi konsisten, tetapi contoh apapun dapat menggunakan `manage.py` atau `python -m django` juga.

## Penggunaan

```console
$ django-admin <command> [options]
$ manage.py <command> [options]
$ python -m django <command> [options]
```

*Windows*

```doscon
...\> django-admin <command> [options]
...\> manage.py <command> [options]
...\> py -m django <command> [options]
```

`command` harys berupa satu dari perintah terdaftar dalam dokumen ini. `options`, yaitu pilihan, harus berupa nol atau lebih dari pilihan tersedia untuk perintah yang diberikan.

### Mendapatkan bantuan dijalankan

#### `django-admin help`

Menjalankan `django-admin help` untuk menampilkan informasi penggunaan dan daftar dari perintah disediakan oleh setiap aplikasi.

Jalankan `django-admin help --commands` untuk menampilkan daftar dari perintah tersedia.

Menjalankan `django-admin help <command>` untuk menampilkan gambaran dari perintah yang diberikan dan daftar dari pilihan yang tersedia.

### Nama aplikasi

Banyak perintah mengambil daftar dari "app names." Sebuah "app name" adalah nama dasar dari paket mengandung model-model anda. Sebagai contoh, jika [`INSTALLED_APPS`](/id/5.1/ref/settings/#std-setting-INSTALLED_APPS) anda mengandung string `'mysite.blog'`, nama aplikasi adalah `blog`.

### Menentukan versi

#### `django-admin version`

Jalankan `django-admin version` untuk menjalankan versi Django saat ini.

The output follows the schema described in [**PEP 440**](https://peps.python.org/pep-0440/):

```text
1.4.dev17026
1.4a1
1.4
```

### Menampilkan keluaran mencari kesalahan

Use [`--verbosity`](#cmdoption-verbosity), where it is supported, to specify the amount of
notification and debug information that `django-admin` prints to the console.

## Perintah tersedia

### `check`

#### `django-admin check [app_label [app_label ...]]`

Menggunakan [system check framework](/id/5.1/ref/checks/) untuk memeriksa keseluruhan proyek Django untuk masalah-masalah umum.

By default, all apps will be checked. You can check a subset of apps by
providing a list of app labels as arguments:

```console
django-admin check auth admin myapp
```

#### `--tag TAGS, -t TAGS`

The system check framework performs many different types of checks that are
[categorized with tags](/id/5.1/ref/checks/#system-check-builtin-tags). You can use these
tags to restrict the checks performed to just those in a particular category.
For example, to perform only models and compatibility checks, run:

```console
django-admin check --tag models --tag compatibility
```

#### `--database DATABASE`

Specifies the database to run checks requiring database access:

```console
django-admin check --database default --database other
```

By default, these checks will not be run.

#### `--list-tags`

Daftarkan semua etiket tersedia.

#### `--deploy`

Mengaktifkan beberapa pemeriksaan tambahan yang hanya bersangkutan dalam pengaturan pengembangan.

You can use this option in your local development environment, but since your
local development settings module may not have many of your production settings,
you will probably want to point the `check` command at a different settings
module, either by setting the [`DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE`](/id/5.1/topics/settings/#envvar-DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE) environment
variable, or by passing the `--settings` option:

```console
django-admin check --deploy --settings=production_settings
```

Atau anda dapat menjalankan itu langsung pada produksi atau tahap pengembangan untuk memeriksa bahwa pengaturan benar adalah digunakan (menghilangkan `--settings`). Anda bahkan dapat membuat itu bagian dari deretan percobaan kesatuan anda.

#### `--fail-level {CRITICAL,ERROR,WARNING,INFO,DEBUG}`

Menentukan tingkat pesan yang akan menyebabkan perintah keluar dengan keadaan bukan-nol. Awalan adalah `ERROR`.

### `compilemessages`

#### `django-admin compilemessages`

Menyusun berkas-berkas `.po` dibuat oleh [`makemessages`](#django-admin-makemessages) untuk berkas-berkas `.mo` untuk digunakan dengan dukungan gettext siap-pakai. Lihat [Internasionalisasi dan lokalisasi](/id/5.1/topics/i18n/).

#### `--locale LOCALE, -l LOCALE`

Menentukan lokal-loka untuk diolah. Jika tidak disediakan, semua lokal-lokal adalah terolah.

#### `--exclude EXCLUDE, -x EXCLUDE`

Menentukan lokal untuk tidak menyertakan dari pengolahan. jika tidak disediakan, tidak ada lokal tidak disertakan.

#### `--use-fuzzy, -f`

Includes [fuzzy translations](https://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/manual/html_node/Fuzzy-Entries.html) into compiled files.

Contoh penggunaan:

```console
django-admin compilemessages --locale=pt_BR
django-admin compilemessages --locale=pt_BR --locale=fr -f
django-admin compilemessages -l pt_BR
django-admin compilemessages -l pt_BR -l fr --use-fuzzy
django-admin compilemessages --exclude=pt_BR
django-admin compilemessages --exclude=pt_BR --exclude=fr
django-admin compilemessages -x pt_BR
django-admin compilemessages -x pt_BR -x fr
```

#### `--ignore PATTERN, -i PATTERN`

Ignores directories matching the given [`glob`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/glob.html#module-glob)-style pattern. Use
multiple times to ignore more.

Contoh penggunaan:

```console
django-admin compilemessages --ignore=cache --ignore=outdated/*/locale
```

### `createcachetable`

#### `django-admin createcachetable`

Membuat tabel-tabel penyimpanan sementara untuk digunakan dengan backend penyimpanan sementara basisdata menggunakan informasi dari berkas pengaturan anda. Lihat [Kerangka kerja penyimpanan Django](/id/5.1/topics/cache/) untuk informasi lebih.

#### `--database DATABASE`

Menentukan basisdata dimana tabel-tabel penyimpanan sementara akan dibuat. Awalan pada `default`.

#### `--dry-run`

Mencetak SQL yang akan dijalankan tanpa sebenarnya menjalankan itu, sehingga anda dapat menyesuaikan itu atau menggunakan kerangka kerja perpindahan.

### `dbshell`

#### `django-admin dbshell`

Jalankan baris-perintah klien untuk mesin basisdata ditentukan dalam pengaturan [`ENGINE`](/id/5.1/ref/settings/#std-setting-DATABASE-ENGINE) anda, dengan parameter penghubung [`USER`](/id/5.1/ref/settings/#std-setting-USER), [`PASSWORD`](/id/5.1/ref/settings/#std-setting-PASSWORD), dll., dilakukan dalam pengaturan anda.

- Untuk PostgreSQL, ini menjalankan klien baris-perintah `psql`.
- Untuk MySQL, ini menjalankan klien baris-perintah `mysql`.
- Untuk SQLite, ini menjalankan klien baris-perintah `sqlite3`.
- Untuk Oracle, ini menjalankan klien baris-perintah `sqlplus`.

This command assumes the programs are on your `PATH` so that a call to
the program name (`psql`, `mysql`, `sqlite3`, `sqlplus`) will find the
program in the right place. There's no way to specify the location of the
program manually.

#### `--database DATABASE`

Menentukan basisdalam kedalam dimana membuka sebuah cangkang. Awalan pada `default`.

#### `-- ARGUMENTS`

Any arguments following a `--` divider will be passed on to the underlying
command-line client. For example, with PostgreSQL you can use the `psql`
command's `-c` flag to execute a raw SQL query directly:

```console
$ django-admin dbshell -- -c 'select current_user'
 current_user
--------------
 postgres
(1 row)
```

*Windows*

```doscon
...\> django-admin dbshell -- -c 'select current_user'
 current_user
--------------
 postgres
(1 row)
```

On MySQL/MariaDB, you can do this with the `mysql` command's `-e` flag:

```console
$ django-admin dbshell -- -e "select user()"
+----------------------+
| user()               |
+----------------------+
| djangonaut@localhost |
+----------------------+
```

*Windows*

```doscon
...\> django-admin dbshell -- -e "select user()"
+----------------------+
| user()               |
+----------------------+
| djangonaut@localhost |
+----------------------+
```

> **Note**
>
> Be aware that not all options set in the [`OPTIONS`](/id/5.1/ref/settings/#std-setting-OPTIONS) part of your
> database configuration in [`DATABASES`](/id/5.1/ref/settings/#std-setting-DATABASES) are passed to the
> command-line client, e.g. `'isolation_level'`.

### `diffsettings`

#### `django-admin diffsettings`

Menampilkan perbedaan diantara berkas pengaturan saat ini dan pengaturan awalan Django (atau berkas pengaturan lain ditentukan oleh [`--default`](#cmdoption-diffsettings-default)).

Pengaturan yang tidak muncul dalam awalan diikuti oleh `"###"`. Sebagai contoh, pengaturan awalan tidak menentukan [`ROOT_URLCONF`](/id/5.1/ref/settings/#std-setting-ROOT_URLCONF), jadi [`ROOT_URLCONF`](/id/5.1/ref/settings/#std-setting-ROOT_URLCONF) diikuti oleh `"###"` dalam keluaran dari `diffsettings`.

#### `--all`

Menampilkan semua pengaturan, bahkan jika mereka memiliki nilai awalan Django. Pengaturan seperti itu diawali oleh `"###"`.

#### `--default MODULE`

Modul pengaturan untuk membandingkan terhadap pengaturan saat ini. Biarkan kosong untuk membandingkan terhadap pengaturan awalan Django.

#### `--output {hash,unified}`

Menentukan bentuk keluaran. Nilai-nilai tersedia adalah `hash` dan `unified`. `hash` adalah suasana awalan yang menampilkan keluaran yang digambarkan diatas. `unified` menampilkan keluaran mirip pada `diff -u`. Pengaturan awalan diawali dengan tanda kurang, diikuti dengan merubah pengaturan diawali dengan sebuah tanda tambah.

### `dumpdata`

#### `django-admin dumpdata [app_label[.ModelName] [app_label[.ModelName] ...]]`

Keluaran pada standar pengeluaran semua data dalam basisdata terkait dengan aplikasi bernama.

Jika tidak ada nama aplikasi disediakan, semua aplikasi terpasang akan dibuang.

Keluaran dari `dumpdata` dapat digunakan sebagai masukan untuk [`loaddata`](#django-admin-loaddata).

When result of `dumpdata` is saved as a file, it can serve as a
[fixture](/id/5.1/topics/db/fixtures/#fixtures-explanation) for
[tests](/id/5.1/topics/testing/tools/#topics-testing-fixtures) or as an
[initial data](/id/5.1/howto/initial-data/#initial-data-via-fixtures).

Note that `dumpdata` uses the default manager on the model for selecting the
records to dump. If you're using a [custom manager](/id/5.1/topics/db/managers/#custom-managers) as
the default manager and it filters some of the available records, not all of the
objects will be dumped.

#### `--all, -a`

Menggunakan pengelola dasar Django, membuang rekaman yang mungkin sebaliknya disaring atau dirubah oleh pengelola penyesuaian.

#### `--format FORMAT`

Menentukan bentuk serialisasi dari keluaran. Awalan pada JSON. Bentuk-bentuk didukung didaftarkan dalam [Bentuk-bentuk serialisasi](/id/5.1/topics/serialization/#serialization-formats).

#### `--indent INDENT`

Menentukan angka dari lekukan ruang untuk digunakan dalam keluaran. Awalan pada `None` yang menampilkan semua data dalam baris tunggal.

#### `--exclude EXCLUDE, -e EXCLUDE`

Prevents specific applications or models (specified in the form of
`app_label.ModelName`) from being dumped. If you specify a model name, then
only that model will be excluded, rather than the entire application. You can
also mix application names and model names.

If you want to exclude multiple applications, pass `--exclude` more than
once:

```console
django-admin dumpdata --exclude=auth --exclude=contenttypes
```

#### `--database DATABASE`

Menentukan basisdata dari data mana akan dibuang. Awalan pada `default`.

#### `--natural-foreign`

Uses the `natural_key()` model method to serialize any foreign key and
many-to-many relationship to objects of the type that defines the method. If
you're dumping `contrib.auth` `Permission` objects or
`contrib.contenttypes` `ContentType` objects, you should probably use this
flag. See the [natural keys](/id/5.1/topics/serialization/#topics-serialization-natural-keys)
documentation for more details on this and the next option.

#### `--natural-primary`

Menghilangkan primary key dalam penserialan data dari obyek ini sejak itu dapat dihitung selama pendeserialisasi.

#### `--pks PRIMARY_KEYS`

Outputs only the objects specified by a comma separated list of primary keys.
This is only available when dumping one model. By default, all the records of
the model are output.

#### `--output OUTPUT, -o OUTPUT`

Menentukan sebuah berkas untuk menulis data terserialisasi. Secara awalan, data pergi ke keluaran standar.

Ketika pilihan ini disetel dan `--verbosity` lebih besar dari 0 (awalan), sebuah batang kemajuan ditampilkan dalam terminal.

#### Fixtures compression

The output file can be compressed with one of the `bz2`, `gz`, `lzma`, or
`xz` formats by ending the filename with the corresponding extension.
For example, to output the data as a compressed JSON file:

```console
django-admin dumpdata -o mydata.json.gz
```

### `flush`

#### `django-admin flush`

Removes all data from the database and re-executes any post-synchronization
handlers. The table of which migrations have been applied is not cleared.

If you would rather start from an empty database and rerun all migrations, you
should drop and recreate the database and then run [`migrate`](#django-admin-migrate) instead.

#### `--noinput, --no-input`

Menekan semua permintaan pengguna.

#### `--database DATABASE`

Menentukan basisdata untuk dialirkan. Awalan pada `default`.

### `inspectdb`

#### `django-admin inspectdb [table [table ...]]`

Introspects the database tables in the database pointed-to by the
[`NAME`](/id/5.1/ref/settings/#std-setting-NAME) setting and outputs a Django model module (a `models.py`
file) to standard output.

You may choose what tables or views to inspect by passing their names as
arguments. If no arguments are provided, models are created for views only if
the [`--include-views`](#cmdoption-inspectdb-include-views) option is used. Models for partition tables are
created on PostgreSQL if the [`--include-partitions`](#cmdoption-inspectdb-include-partitions) option is used.

Gunakan ini jika anda mempunyai sebuah basisdata warisan dengan dimana anda akan menggunakan Django. Tulisan akan will memeriksa basisdata dan membuat sebuah model untuk setiap tabel dalam itu.

As you might expect, the created models will have an attribute for every field
in the table. Note that `inspectdb` has a few special cases in its field-name
output:

- If `inspectdb` cannot map a column's type to a model field type, it'll
  use `TextField` and will insert the Python comment
  `'This field type is a guess.'` next to the field in the generated
  model. The recognized fields may depend on apps listed in
  [`INSTALLED_APPS`](/id/5.1/ref/settings/#std-setting-INSTALLED_APPS). For example, [`django.contrib.postgres`](/id/5.1/ref/contrib/postgres/#module-django.contrib.postgres) adds
  recognition for several PostgreSQL-specific field types.
- If the database column name is a Python reserved word (such as
  `'pass'`, `'class'` or `'for'`), `inspectdb` will append
  `'_field'` to the attribute name. For example, if a table has a column
  `'for'`, the generated model will have a field `'for_field'`, with
  the `db_column` attribute set to `'for'`. `inspectdb` will insert
  the Python comment
  `'Field renamed because it was a Python reserved word.'` next to the
  field.

This feature is meant as a shortcut, not as definitive model generation. After
you run it, you'll want to look over the generated models yourself to make
customizations. In particular, you'll need to rearrange models' order, so that
models that refer to other models are ordered properly.

Django doesn't create database defaults when a
[`default`](/id/5.1/ref/models/fields/#django.db.models.Field.default) is specified on a model field.
Similarly, database defaults aren't translated to model field defaults or
detected in any fashion by `inspectdb`.

By default, `inspectdb` creates unmanaged models. That is, `managed = False`
in the model's `Meta` class tells Django not to manage each table's creation,
modification, and deletion. If you do want to allow Django to manage the
table's lifecycle, you'll need to change the
[`managed`](/id/5.1/ref/models/options/#django.db.models.Options.managed) option to `True` (or remove
it because `True` is its default value).

#### Catatan khusus-basisdata

##### Oracle

- Model-model dibuat untuk mewujudkan tampilan jika [`--include-views`](#cmdoption-inspectdb-include-views) digunakan.

##### PostgreSQL

- Model-model dibuat untuk tabel-tabel asing.
- Model-model dibuat untuk mewujudkan tampilan jika [`--include-views`](#cmdoption-inspectdb-include-views) digunakan.
- Model dibuat untuk penyekatan tabel jika [`--include-partitions`](#cmdoption-inspectdb-include-partitions) digunakan.

#### `--database DATABASE`

Menentukan basisdata untuk mawas diri. Awalan pada `default`.

#### `--include-partitions`

Jika pilihan ini disediakan, model juga dibuat untuk penyekatan.

Hanya mendukung untuk PostgreSQL dijalankan.

#### `--include-views`

Jika pilihan ini disediakan, model juga dibuat untuk tampilan basisdata.

### `loaddata`

#### `django-admin loaddata fixture [fixture ...]`

Searches for and loads the contents of the named
[fixture](/id/5.1/topics/db/fixtures/#fixtures-explanation) into the database.

#### `--database DATABASE`

Menentukan basisdata dimana data akan dimuat. Awalan pada `default`.

#### `--ignorenonexistent, -i`

Ignores fields and models that may have been removed since the fixture was
originally generated.

#### `--app APP_LABEL`

Specifies a single app to look for fixtures in rather than looking in all apps.

#### `--format FORMAT`

Menentukan [serialization format](/id/5.1/topics/serialization/#serialization-formats) (misalnya, `json` atau `xml`) untuk fixture [read from stdin](#loading-fixtures-stdin).

#### `--exclude EXCLUDE, -e EXCLUDE`

Excludes loading the fixtures from the given applications and/or models (in the
form of `app_label` or `app_label.ModelName`). Use the option multiple
times to exclude more than one app or model.

#### memuat fixture dari `stdin`

You can use a dash as the fixture name to load input from `sys.stdin`. For
example:

```console
django-admin loaddata --format=json -
```

When reading from `stdin`, the [`--format`](#cmdoption-loaddata-format) option
is required to specify the [serialization format](/id/5.1/topics/serialization/#serialization-formats)
of the input (e.g., `json` or `xml`).

Loading from `stdin` is useful with standard input and output redirections.
For example:

```console
django-admin dumpdata --format=json --database=test app_label.ModelName | django-admin loaddata --format=json --database=prod -
```

Perintah [`dumpdata`](#django-admin-dumpdata) dapat digunakan untuk membangkitkan masukan untuk `loaddata`.

> **See also**
>
> For more detail about fixtures see the [Perlengkapan](/id/5.1/topics/db/fixtures/#fixtures-explanation) topic.

### `makemessages`

#### `django-admin makemessages`

Runs over the entire source tree of the current directory and pulls out all
strings marked for translation. It creates (or updates) a message file in the
conf/locale (in the Django tree) or locale (for project and application)
directory. After making changes to the messages files you need to compile them
with [`compilemessages`](#django-admin-compilemessages) for use with the builtin gettext support. See
the [i18n documentation](/id/5.1/topics/i18n/translation/#how-to-create-language-files) for details.

This command doesn't require configured settings. However, when settings aren't
configured, the command can't ignore the [`MEDIA_ROOT`](/id/5.1/ref/settings/#std-setting-MEDIA_ROOT) and
[`STATIC_ROOT`](/id/5.1/ref/settings/#std-setting-STATIC_ROOT) directories or include [`LOCALE_PATHS`](/id/5.1/ref/settings/#std-setting-LOCALE_PATHS).

#### `--all, -a`

Perbaharui berkas pesan untuk semua bahasa tersedia.

#### `--extension EXTENSIONS, -e EXTENSIONS`

Specifies a list of file extensions to examine (default: `html`, `txt`,
`py` or `js` if [`--domain`](#cmdoption-makemessages-domain) is `djangojs`).

Contoh penggunaan:

```console
django-admin makemessages --locale=de --extension xhtml
```

Separate multiple extensions with commas or use `-e` or `--extension`
multiple times:

```console
django-admin makemessages --locale=de --extension=html,txt --extension xml
```

#### `--locale LOCALE, -l LOCALE`

Menentukan lokal untuk diolah.

#### `--exclude EXCLUDE, -x EXCLUDE`

Menentukan lokal untuk tidak menyertakan dari pengolahan. jika tidak disediakan, tidak ada lokal tidak disertakan.

Contoh penggunaan:

```console
django-admin makemessages --locale=pt_BR
django-admin makemessages --locale=pt_BR --locale=fr
django-admin makemessages -l pt_BR
django-admin makemessages -l pt_BR -l fr
django-admin makemessages --exclude=pt_BR
django-admin makemessages --exclude=pt_BR --exclude=fr
django-admin makemessages -x pt_BR
django-admin makemessages -x pt_BR -x fr
```

#### `--domain DOMAIN, -d DOMAIN`

Menentukan ranah dari berkas pesan. Pilihan didukung adalah:

- Berkas-berkas `django` for all `*.py`, `*.html` and .txt\`\`(awal)
- `djangojs` untuk berkas-berkas `*.js`

#### `--symlinks, -s`

Follows symlinks to directories when looking for new translation strings.

Contoh penggunaan:

```console
django-admin makemessages --locale=de --symlinks
```

#### `--ignore PATTERN, -i PATTERN`

Ignores files or directories matching the given [`glob`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/glob.html#module-glob)-style pattern. Use
multiple times to ignore more.

Pola ini digunakan secara awalan: `'CVS'`, `'.*'`, `'*~'`, `'*.pyc'`.

Contoh penggunaan:

```console
django-admin makemessages --locale=en_US --ignore=apps/* --ignore=secret/*.html
```

#### `--no-default-ignore`

Meniadakan nilai awalan dari `--ignore`.

#### `--no-wrap`

Disables breaking long message lines into several lines in language files.

#### `--no-location`

Suppresses writing '`#: filename:line`’ comment lines in language files.
Using this option makes it harder for technically skilled translators to
understand each message's context.

#### `--add-location [{full,file,never}]`

Controls `#: filename:line` comment lines in language files. If the option
is:

- `full` (the default if not given): the lines include both file name and
  line number.
- `file`: nomor baris dihilangkan.
- `never`: baris-baris ditekan (sama seperti [`--no-location`](#cmdoption-makemessages-no-location)).

Dibtuhkan `gettext` 0.19 atau terbaru.

#### `--no-obsolete`

Removes obsolete message strings from the `.po` files.

#### `--keep-pot`

Prevents deleting the temporary `.pot` files generated before creating the
`.po` file. This is useful for debugging errors which may prevent the final
language files from being created.

> **See also**
>
> Lihat [Menyesuaikan perintah makemessages](/id/5.1/topics/i18n/translation/#customizing-makemessages) untuk petunjuk pada bagaimana menyesuaikan kata kunci yang [`makemessages`](#django-admin-makemessages) lewatkan ke `xgettext`.

### `makemigrations`

#### `django-admin makemigrations [app_label [app_label ...]]`

Creates new migrations based on the changes detected to your models.
Migrations, their relationship with apps and more are covered in depth in
[the migrations documentation](/id/5.1/topics/migrations/).

Providing one or more app names as arguments will limit the migrations created
to the app(s) specified and any dependencies needed (the table at the other end
of a `ForeignKey`, for example).

To add migrations to an app that doesn't have a `migrations` directory, run
`makemigrations` with the app's `app_label`.

#### `--noinput, --no-input`

Suppresses all user prompts. If a suppressed prompt cannot be resolved
automatically, the command will exit with error code 3.

#### `--empty`

Outputs an empty migration for the specified apps, for manual editing. This is
for advanced users and should not be used unless you are familiar with the
migration format, migration operations, and the dependencies between your
migrations.

#### `--dry-run`

Shows what migrations would be made without actually writing any migrations
files to disk. Using this option along with `--verbosity 3` will also show
the complete migrations files that would be written.

#### `--merge`

Mengadakan perbaikan dari pertentangan perpindahan.

#### `--name NAME, -n NAME`

Allows naming the generated migration(s) instead of using a generated name. The
name must be a valid Python [identifier](https://docs.python.org/3/reference/lexical_analysis.html#identifiers).

#### `--no-header`

Membangkitkan berkas-berkas perpindahan tanpa versi Django dan kepala timestamp.

#### `--check`

Makes `makemigrations` exit with a non-zero status when model changes without
migrations are detected. Implies `--dry-run`.

#### `--scriptable`

Diverts log output and input prompts to `stderr`, writing only paths of
generated migration files to `stdout`.

#### `--update`

Merges model changes into the latest migration and optimize the resulting
operations.

The updated migration will have a generated name. In order to preserve the
previous name, set it using `--name`.

### `migrate`

#### `django-admin migrate [app_label] [migration_name]`

Synchronizes the database state with the current set of models and migrations.
Migrations, their relationship with apps and more are covered in depth in
[the migrations documentation](/id/5.1/topics/migrations/).

Kebiasaan dari perintah ini berubah tergantung pada argumen disediakan:

- Tidak ada argumen: Semua aplikasi mempunyai semua perpindahan mereka berjalan.
- `<app_label>`: The specified app has its migrations run, up to the most
  recent migration. This may involve running other apps' migrations too, due
  to dependencies.
- `<app_label> <migrationname>`: Brings the database schema to a state where
  the named migration is applied, but no later migrations in the same app are
  applied. This may involve unapplying migrations if you have previously
  migrated past the named migration. You can use a prefix of the migration
  name, e.g. `0001`, as long as it's unique for the given app name. Use the
  name `zero` to migrate all the way back i.e. to revert all applied
  migrations for an app.

> **Warning**
>
> When unapplying migrations, all dependent migrations will also be
> unapplied, regardless of `<app_label>`. You can use `--plan` to check
> which migrations will be unapplied.

#### `--database DATABASE`

Menentukan basisdata untuk perpindahan. Awal ke `default`.

#### `--fake`

Marks the migrations up to the target one (following the rules above) as
applied, but without actually running the SQL to change your database schema.

This is intended for advanced users to manipulate the
current migration state directly if they're manually applying changes;
be warned that using `--fake` runs the risk of putting the migration state
table into a state where manual recovery will be needed to make migrations
run correctly.

#### `--fake-initial`

Mengizinkan Django melewti perpindahan inisial applikasi jika semua tabel basisdata dengan nama-nama dari semua model dibuat oleh semua tindakan [`CreateModel`](/id/5.1/ref/migration-operations/#django.db.migrations.operations.CreateModel) dalam perpindahan itu yang sudah ada. Pilihan ini diperntukkan penggunaan ketika perpindahan penjalanan pertama terhadap basisdata yang sudah ada sebelumnya menggunakan perpindahan. Pilihan ini bukan, bagaimanapun, diperiksa untuk pencocokan skema basisdata diluar pencocokan nama-nama tabel dan sehinggaa hanya aman digunakan jika anda percaya diri bahwa skema yang ada cocok apa yang direkam dalam perpindahan inisial anda.

#### `--plan`

Shows the migration operations that will be performed for the given `migrate`
command.

#### `--run-syncdb`

Allows creating tables for apps without migrations. While this isn't
recommended, the migrations framework is sometimes too slow on large projects
with hundreds of models.

#### `--noinput, --no-input`

Suppresses all user prompts. An example prompt is asking about removing stale
content types.

#### `--check`

Makes `migrate` exit with a non-zero status when unapplied migrations are
detected.

#### `--prune`

Deletes nonexistent migrations from the `django_migrations` table. This is
useful when migration files replaced by a squashed migration have been removed.
See [Menginjak perpindahan](/id/5.1/topics/migrations/#migration-squashing) for more details.

### `optimizemigration`

#### `django-admin optimizemigration app_label migration_name`

Optimizes the operations for the named migration and overrides the existing
file. If the migration contains functions that must be manually copied, the
command creates a new migration file suffixed with `_optimized` that is meant
to replace the named migration.

#### `--check`

Makes `optimizemigration` exit with a non-zero status when a migration can be
optimized.

### `runserver`

#### `django-admin runserver [addrport]`

Starts a lightweight development web server on the local machine. By default,
the server runs on port 8000 on the IP address `127.0.0.1`. You can pass in an
IP address and port number explicitly.

If you run this script as a user with normal privileges (recommended), you
might not have access to start a port on a low port number. Low port numbers
are reserved for the superuser (root).

Peladen ini menggunakan obyek aplikasi WSGI ditentukan oleh pengaturan [`WSGI_APPLICATION`](/id/5.1/ref/settings/#std-setting-WSGI_APPLICATION).

> **Warning**
>
> DO NOT USE THIS SERVER IN A PRODUCTION SETTING.
>
> This lightweight development server has not gone through security audits or
> performance tests, hence is unsuitable for production. Making this server
> able to handle a production environment is outside the scope of Django.

The development server automatically reloads Python code for each request, as
needed. You don't need to restart the server for code changes to take effect.
However, some actions like adding files don't trigger a restart, so you'll
have to restart the server in these cases.

If you're using Linux or MacOS and install both [pywatchman](https://pypi.org/project/pywatchman/) and the
[Watchman](https://facebook.github.io/watchman/) service, kernel signals will be used to autoreload the server
(rather than polling file modification timestamps each second). This offers
better performance on large projects, reduced response time after code changes,
more robust change detection, and a reduction in power usage. Django supports
`pywatchman` 1.2.0 and higher.

> **Direktori besar dengan banyak berkas mungkin menyebabkan masalah-masalah penampilan**
>
> When using Watchman with a project that includes large non-Python
> directories like `node_modules`, it's advisable to ignore this directory
> for optimal performance. See the [watchman documentation](https://facebook.github.io/watchman/docs/config#ignore_dirs) for information
> on how to do this.

> **Watchman timeout**
>
> #### `DJANGO_WATCHMAN_TIMEOUT`
>
>
>
>
> The default timeout of `Watchman` client is 5 seconds. You can change it
> by setting the [`DJANGO_WATCHMAN_TIMEOUT`](#envvar-DJANGO_WATCHMAN_TIMEOUT) environment variable.

When you start the server, and each time you change Python code while the
server is running, the system check framework will check your entire Django
project for some common errors (see the [`check`](#django-admin-check) command). If any
errors are found, they will be printed to standard output. You can use the
`--skip-checks` option to skip running system checks.

You can run as many concurrent servers as you want, as long as they're on
separate ports by executing `django-admin runserver` more than once.

Note that the default IP address, `127.0.0.1`, is not accessible from other
machines on your network. To make your development server viewable to other
machines on the network, use its own IP address (e.g. `192.168.2.1`), `0`
(shortcut for `0.0.0.0`), `0.0.0.0`, or `::` (with IPv6 enabled).

Anda dapat menyediakan sebuah alamat IPv6 dikelilingi oleh tanda kurung (misalnya `[200a::1]:8000`). Ini akan otomatis mengadakan dukungan IPv6.

Sebuah nama rumah mengandung karakter hanya-ASCII dapat juga digunakan.

Jika [staticfiles](/id/5.1/ref/contrib/staticfiles/) aplikasi bantuan diadakan (awalan dalam proyek baru) perintah [`runserver`](#django-admin-runserver) akan ditimpa dengan perintah [runserver](/id/5.1/ref/contrib/staticfiles/#staticfiles-runserver) nya sendiri.

Logging of each request and response of the server is sent to the
[django.server](/id/5.1/ref/logging/#django-server-logger) logger.

#### `--noreload`

Disables the auto-reloader. This means any Python code changes you make while
the server is running will *not* take effect if the particular Python modules
have already been loaded into memory.

#### `--nothreading`

Disables use of threading in the development server. The server is
multithreaded by default.

#### `--ipv6, -6`

Menggunakan IPv6 untuk peladen pengembangan. Ini merubah alamat IP awal dari `127.0.0.1` ke `::1`.

#### Contoh dari menggunakan port dan alamat berbeda

Port 8000 on IP address `127.0.0.1`:

```console
django-admin runserver
```

Port 8000 on IP address `1.2.3.4`:

```console
django-admin runserver 1.2.3.4:8000
```

Port 7000 on IP address `127.0.0.1`:

```console
django-admin runserver 7000
```

Port 7000 on IP address `1.2.3.4`:

```console
django-admin runserver 1.2.3.4:7000
```

Port 8000 on IPv6 address `::1`:

```console
django-admin runserver -6
```

Port 7000 on IPv6 address `::1`:

```console
django-admin runserver -6 7000
```

Port 7000 on IPv6 address `2001:0db8:1234:5678::9`:

```console
django-admin runserver [2001:0db8:1234:5678::9]:7000
```

Port 8000 on IPv4 address of host `localhost`:

```console
django-admin runserver localhost:8000
```

Port 8000 on IPv6 address of host `localhost`:

```console
django-admin runserver -6 localhost:8000
```

#### Melayani berkas-berkas statis dengan peladen pengembangan

By default, the development server doesn't serve any static files for your site
(such as CSS files, images, things under [`MEDIA_URL`](/id/5.1/ref/settings/#std-setting-MEDIA_URL) and so forth). If
you want to configure Django to serve static media, read
[Bagaimana mengelola berkas statik (misalnya gambar, JavaScript, CSS)](/id/5.1/howto/static-files/).

#### Serving with ASGI in development

Django's `runserver` command provides a WSGI server. In order to run under
ASGI you will need to use an [ASGI server](/id/5.1/howto/deployment/asgi/).
The Django Daphne project provides [Integrasi dengan runserver](/id/5.1/howto/deployment/asgi/daphne/#daphne-runserver) that you can use.

### `sendtestemail`

#### `django-admin sendtestemail [email [email ...]]`

Sends a test email (to confirm email sending through Django is working) to the
recipient(s) specified. For example:

```console
django-admin sendtestemail foo@example.com bar@example.com
```

Ada sepasang pilihan, dan anda mungkin menggunakan perpaduan apapun dari mereka bersama-sama:

#### `--managers`

Mails the email addresses specified in [`MANAGERS`](/id/5.1/ref/settings/#std-setting-MANAGERS) using
[`mail_managers()`](/id/5.1/topics/email/#django.core.mail.mail_managers).

#### `--admins`

Menyuarti alamat surel ditentukan dalam [`ADMINS`](/id/5.1/ref/settings/#std-setting-ADMINS) menggunakan [`mail_admins()`](/id/5.1/topics/email/#django.core.mail.mail_admins).

### `sendtestemail`

#### `django-admin shell`

Mulai penterjemah interaktif Python.

#### `--interface {ipython,bpython,python}, -i {ipython,bpython,python}`

Specifies the shell to use. By default, Django will use [IPython](https://ipython.org/) or [bpython](https://bpython-interpreter.org/) if
either is installed. If both are installed, specify which one you want like so:

IPython:

```console
django-admin shell -i ipython
```

bpython:

```console
django-admin shell -i bpython
```

If you have a "rich" shell installed but want to force use of the "plain"
Python interpreter, use `python` as the interface name, like so:

```console
django-admin shell -i python
```

#### `--no-startup`

Disables reading the startup script for the "plain" Python interpreter. By
default, the script pointed to by the [`PYTHONSTARTUP`](https://docs.python.org/3/using/cmdline.html#envvar-PYTHONSTARTUP) environment
variable or the `~/.pythonrc.py` script is read.

#### `--command COMMAND, -c COMMAND`

Lets you pass a command as a string to execute it as Django, like so:

```console
django-admin shell --command="import django; print(django.__version__)"
```

Anda dapat juga melewatkan kode pada masukan standar untuk menjalankan itu. Sebagai contoh:

```console
$ django-admin shell <<EOF
> import django
> print(django.__version__)
> EOF
```

Pada Windows, REPL adalah keluaran karena batas penerapan dari [`select.select()`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/select.html#select.select) pada serambi itu.

### `showmigrations`

#### `django-admin showmigrations [app_label [app_label ...]]`

Tampilkan semua perpindahan di sebuah proyek. Anda dapat memilih dari satu dari dua bentuk:

#### `--list, -l`

Lists all of the apps Django knows about, the migrations available for each
app, and whether or not each migration is applied (marked by an `[X]` next to
the migration name). For a `--verbosity` of 2 and above, the applied
datetimes are also shown.

Aplikasi-aplikasi tanpa perpindahan juga didaftarkan, tetapi `(no migrations)` dicetak dibawah mereka.

Ini adalah bentuk keluaran awal.

#### `--plan, -p`

Shows the migration plan Django will follow to apply migrations. Like
`--list`, applied migrations are marked by an `[X]`. For a `--verbosity`
of 2 and above, all dependencies of a migration will also be shown.

`app_label`s arguments limit the output, however, dependencies of provided
apps may also be included.

#### `--database DATABASE`

Menentukan basisdata untuk diuji. Awalan `default`.

### `sqlflush`

#### `django-admin sqlflush`

Cetak pernyataan SQL yang akan dijalankan untuk perintah [`flush`](#django-admin-flush).

#### `--database DATABASE`

Menentukan basisdata untuk dimana mencetak SQL. Awal ke `default`.

### `sqlflush`

#### `django-admin sqlmigrate app_label migration_name`

Prints the SQL for the named migration. This requires an active database
connection, which it will use to resolve constraint names; this means you must
generate the SQL against a copy of the database you wish to later apply it on.

catat bahwa `sqlmigrate` tidak mewarnai keluarannya.

#### `--backwards`

Generates the SQL for unapplying the migration. By default, the SQL created is
for running the migration in the forwards direction.

#### `--database DATABASE`

Menentukan basisdata dimana untuk membangkitkan SQL. Awalan pada `default`.

### `sqlsequencereset`

#### `django-admin sqlsequencereset app_label [app_label ...]`

Mencetak pernyataan SQL untuk menyetel kembali urutan untuk nama aplikasi yang diberikan.

Sequences are indexes used by some database engines to track the next available
number for automatically incremented fields.

Use this command to generate SQL which will fix cases where a sequence is out
of sync with its automatically incremented field data.

#### `--database DATABASE`

Menentukan basisdata untuk dimana mencetak SQL. Awal ke `default`.

### `squashmigrations`

#### `django-admin squashmigrations app_label [start_migration_name] migration_name`

Squashes the migrations for `app_label` up to and including `migration_name`
down into fewer migrations, if possible. The resulting squashed migrations
can live alongside the unsquashed ones safely. For more information,
please read [Menginjak perpindahan](/id/5.1/topics/migrations/#migration-squashing).

When `start_migration_name` is given, Django will only include migrations
starting from and including this migration. This helps to mitigate the
squashing limitation of [`RunPython`](/id/5.1/ref/migration-operations/#django.db.migrations.operations.RunPython) and
[`django.db.migrations.operations.RunSQL`](/id/5.1/ref/migration-operations/#django.db.migrations.operations.RunSQL) migration operations.

#### `--no-optimize`

Disables the optimizer when generating a squashed migration. By default, Django
will try to optimize the operations in your migrations to reduce the size of
the resulting file. Use this option if this process is failing or creating
incorrect migrations, though please also file a Django bug report about the
behavior, as optimization is meant to be safe.

#### `--noinput, --no-input`

Menekan semua permintaan pengguna.

#### `--squashed-name SQUASHED_NAME`

Sets the name of the squashed migration. When omitted, the name is based on the
first and last migration, with `_squashed_` in between.

#### `--no-header`

Generate squashed migration file without Django version and timestamp header.

### `startapp`

#### `django-admin startapp name [directory]`

Membuat sebuah direktori aplikasi Django untuk nama aplikasi yang diberikan dalam direktori saat ini atau tujuan yang diberikan.

By default, [the new directory](https://github.com/django/django/blob/stable/5.1.x/django/conf/app_template) contains a
`models.py` file and other app template files. If only the app name is given,
the app directory will be created in the current working directory.

Jika tujuan pilihan disediakan, Django akan menggunakan direktori yang ada tersebut daripada membuat satu yang baru. Anda dapat menggunakan '.' untuk menyatakan direktori kerja saat ini.

Sebagai contoh:

```console
django-admin startapp myapp /Users/jezdez/Code/myapp
```

#### `--template TEMPLATE`

Provides the path to a directory with a custom app template file, or a path to
an uncompressed archive (`.tar`) or a compressed archive (`.tar.gz`,
`.tar.bz2`, `.tar.xz`, `.tar.lzma`, `.tgz`, `.tbz2`, `.txz`,
`.tlz`, `.zip`) containing the app template files.

For example, this would look for an app template in the given directory when
creating the `myapp` app:

```console
django-admin startapp --template=/Users/jezdez/Code/my_app_template myapp
```

Django juga akan menerima URL (`http`, `https`, `ftp`) untuk menekan arsip dengan berkas cetakan aplikasi, mengunduh dan mengeluarkan mereka dengan cepat.

For example, taking advantage of GitHub's feature to expose repositories as
zip files, you can use a URL like:

```console
django-admin startapp --template=https://github.com/githubuser/django-app-template/archive/main.zip myapp
```

#### `--extension EXTENSIONS, -e EXTENSIONS`

Menentukan ekstensi berkas mana dalam cetakan aplikasi harus dibangun dengan mesin cetakan. Awalan pada `py`.

#### `--name FILES, -n FILES`

Menentukan berkas-berkas mana dalam cetakan aplikasi (sebagai tambahan ke pencocokan tersebut `-extension`) harus dibangun dengan mesin cetakan. Awalan pada sebuah list kosong.

#### `--exclude DIRECTORIES, -x DIRECTORIES`

Specifies which directories in the app template should be excluded, in addition
to `.git` and `__pycache__`. If this option is not provided, directories
named `__pycache__` or starting with `.` will be excluded.

[`template context`](/id/5.1/ref/templates/api/#django.template.Context) digunakan untuk semua pencocokan berkas adalah:

- Pilihan apapun dilewatkan ke perintah `startapp` (diantara pilihan yang didukugn perintah)
- `app_name` -- nama aplikasi diloloskan ke perintah
- `app_directory` -- jalur penuh dari aplikasi dibuat baru saja
- `camel_case_app_name` -- nama aplikasi dalam bentuk casing onta
- `docs_version` -- versi dari dokumentasi: `'dev'` atau `'1.x'`
- `django_version` -- the version of Django, e.g. `'2.0.3'`

> **Warning**
>
> When the app template files are rendered with the Django template
> engine (by default all `*.py` files), Django will also replace all
> stray template variables contained. For example, if one of the Python files
> contains a docstring explaining a particular feature related
> to template rendering, it might result in an incorrect example.
>
> To work around this problem, you can use the [`templatetag`](/id/5.1/ref/templates/builtins/#std-templatetag-templatetag)
> template tag to "escape" the various parts of the template syntax.
>
> In addition, to allow Python template files that contain Django template
> language syntax while also preventing packaging systems from trying to
> byte-compile invalid `*.py` files, template files ending with `.py-tpl`
> will be renamed to `.py`.

> **Warning**
>
> The contents of custom app (or project) templates should always be
> audited before use: Such templates define code that will become
> part of your project, and this means that such code will be trusted
> as much as any app you install, or code you write yourself.
> Further, even rendering the templates is, effectively, executing
> code that was provided as input to the management command. The
> Django template language may provide wide access into the system,
> so make sure any custom template you use is worthy of your trust.

### `startproject`

#### `django-admin startproject name [directory]`

Membuat struktur direktori proyek Django untuk nama proyek yang diberikan dalam direktori saat ini atau tujuanyang diberikan.

By default, [the new directory](https://github.com/django/django/blob/stable/5.1.x/django/conf/project_template) contains
`manage.py` and a project package (containing a `settings.py` and other
files).

If only the project name is given, both the project directory and project
package will be named `<projectname>` and the project directory
will be created in the current working directory.

If the optional destination is provided, Django will use that existing
directory as the project directory, and create `manage.py` and the project
package within it. Use '.' to denote the current working directory.

Sebagai contoh:

```console
django-admin startproject myproject /Users/jezdez/Code/myproject_repo
```

#### `--template TEMPLATE`

Menentukan sebuah direktori, jalur berkas, atau URL dari penyesuaian cetakan proyek. Lihat dokumentasi [`startapp --template`](#cmdoption-startapp-template) untuk contoh-contoh dan penggunaan.

#### `--extension EXTENSIONS, -e EXTENSIONS`

Menentukan berkas-berkas tambahan mana dalam proyek harus dibangun dengan mesin cetakan. Awalan pada `py`.

#### `--name FILES, -n FILES`

Specifies which files in the project template (in addition to those matching
`--extension`) should be rendered with the template engine. Defaults to an
empty list.

#### `--exclude DIRECTORIES, -x DIRECTORIES`

Specifies which directories in the project template should be excluded, in
addition to `.git` and `__pycache__`. If this option is not provided,
directories named `__pycache__` or starting with `.` will be excluded.

[`template context`](/id/5.1/ref/templates/api/#django.template.Context) digunakan adalah:

- Pilihan apapun dilewatkan pada perintah `startproject` (diantara pilihan yang didukung perintah)
- `project_name` -- nama proyek diloloskan ke perintah
- `project_directory` -- jalur penuh dari proyek dibuat baru
- `secret_key` -- kunci acak untuk pengaturan [`SECRET_KEY`](/id/5.1/ref/settings/#std-setting-SECRET_KEY)
- `docs_version` -- versi dari dokumentasi: `'dev'` atau `'1.x'`
- `django_version` -- the version of Django, e.g. `'2.0.3'`

Please also see the [rendering warning](#render-warning) and
[trusted code warning](#trusted-code-warning) as mentioned for
[`startapp`](#django-admin-startapp).

### `test`

#### `django-admin test [test_label [test_label ...]]`

Jalankan percobaan untuk semua aplikasi terpasang. Lihat [Percobaan di Django](/id/5.1/topics/testing/) untuk informasi lebih.

#### `--failfast`

Berhenti menjalankan percobaan dan melaporkan kegagalan segera setelah percobaan gagal.

#### `--testrunner TESTRUNNER`

Mengendalikan kelas pejalan percobaan yang digunakan untuk menjalankan percobaan. Nilai ini menimpa nilai disediakan oleh pengaturan [`TEST_RUNNER`](/id/5.1/ref/settings/#std-setting-TEST_RUNNER).

#### `--noinput, --no-input`

Suppresses all user prompts. A typical prompt is a warning about deleting an
existing test database.

#### Pilihan pejalan percobaan

The `test` command receives options on behalf of the specified
[`--testrunner`](#cmdoption-test-testrunner). These are the options of the default test runner:
[`DiscoverRunner`](/id/5.1/topics/testing/advanced/#django.test.runner.DiscoverRunner).

#### `--keepdb`

Preserves the test database between test runs. This has the advantage of
skipping both the create and destroy actions which can greatly decrease the
time to run tests, especially those in a large test suite. If the test database
does not exist, it will be created on the first run and then preserved for each
subsequent run. Unless the [`MIGRATE`](/id/5.1/ref/settings/#std-setting-TEST_MIGRATE) test setting is
`False`, any unapplied migrations will also be applied to the test database
before running the test suite.

#### `--shuffle [SEED]`

Randomizes the order of tests before running them. This can help detect tests
that aren't properly isolated. The test order generated by this option is a
deterministic function of the integer seed given. When no seed is passed, a
seed is chosen randomly and printed to the console. To repeat a particular test
order, pass a seed. The test orders generated by this option preserve Django's
[guarantees on test order](/id/5.1/topics/testing/overview/#order-of-tests). They also keep tests grouped
by test case class.

The shuffled orderings also have a special consistency property useful when
narrowing down isolation issues. Namely, for a given seed and when running a
subset of tests, the new order will be the original shuffling restricted to the
smaller set. Similarly, when adding tests while keeping the seed the same, the
order of the original tests will be the same in the new order.

#### `--reverse, -r`

Sorts test cases in the opposite execution order. This may help in debugging
the side effects of tests that aren't properly isolated. [Grouping by test
class](/id/5.1/topics/testing/overview/#order-of-tests) is preserved when using this option. This can be used
in conjunction with `--shuffle` to reverse the order for a particular seed.

#### `--debug-mode`

Setel pengaturan [`DEBUG`](/id/5.1/ref/settings/#std-setting-DEBUG) menjadi `True` sebelum menjalankan percobaan. Ini mungkin membantu mengatasi masalah kegagalan percobaan.

#### `--debug-sql, -d`

Mengadakan [SQL logging](/id/5.1/ref/logging/#django-db-logger) untuk percobaan gagal. Jika `--verbosity` adalah `2`, kemudian permintaan dalam melewatkan percobaan juga keluaran.

#### `--parallel [N]`

#### `DJANGO_TEST_PROCESSES`

Runs tests in separate parallel processes. Since modern processors have
multiple cores, this allows running tests significantly faster.

Using `--parallel` without a value, or with the value `auto`, runs one test
process per core according to [`multiprocessing.cpu_count()`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/multiprocessing.html#multiprocessing.cpu_count). You can
override this by passing the desired number of processes, e.g.
`--parallel 4`, or by setting the [`DJANGO_TEST_PROCESSES`](#envvar-DJANGO_TEST_PROCESSES) environment
variable.

Django distributes test cases — [`unittest.TestCase`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/unittest.html#unittest.TestCase) subclasses — to
subprocesses. If there are fewer test case classes than configured processes,
Django will reduce the number of processes accordingly.

Each process gets its own database. You must ensure that different test case
classes don't access the same resources. For instance, test case classes that
touch the filesystem should create a temporary directory for their own use.

> **Note**
>
> If you have test classes that cannot be run in parallel, you can use
> `SerializeMixin` to run them sequentially. See [Enforce running test
> classes sequentially](/id/5.1/topics/testing/advanced/#topics-testing-enforce-run-sequentially).

This option requires the third-party `tblib` package to display tracebacks
correctly:

```console
$ python -m pip install tblib
```

Fitur ini tidak tersedia pada Windows. Itu tidak bekerja dengan salah satu backend basisdata Oracle.

If you want to use [`pdb`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/pdb.html#module-pdb) while debugging tests, you must disable parallel
execution (`--parallel=1`). You'll see something like `bdb.BdbQuit` if you
don't.

> **Warning**
>
> When test parallelization is enabled and a test fails, Django may be
> unable to display the exception traceback. This can make debugging
> difficult. If you encounter this problem, run the affected test without
> parallelization to see the traceback of the failure.
>
> Ini adalah batasan yang diketahui. Itu muncul dari kebutuhan menserialkan obyek untuk menukarkan mereka diantara pengolahan. Lihat [What can be pickled and unpickled?](https://docs.python.org/3/library/pickle.html#pickle-picklable) untuk rincian.

#### `--tag TAGS`

Runs only tests [marked with the specified tags](/id/5.1/topics/testing/tools/#topics-tagging-tests).
May be specified multiple times and combined with [`test --exclude-tag`](#cmdoption-test-exclude-tag).

Tests that fail to load are always considered matching.

#### `--exclude-tag EXCLUDE_TAGS`

Excludes tests [marked with the specified tags](/id/5.1/topics/testing/tools/#topics-tagging-tests).
May be specified multiple times and combined with [`test --tag`](#cmdoption-test-tag).

#### `-k TEST_NAME_PATTERNS`

Runs test methods and classes matching test name patterns, in the same way as
[`unittest's -k option`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/unittest.html#cmdoption-unittest-k). Can be specified multiple times.

#### `--pdb`

Spawns a `pdb` debugger at each test error or failure. If you have it
installed, `ipdb` is used instead.

#### `--buffer, -b`

Discards output (`stdout` and `stderr`) for passing tests, in the same way
as [`unittest's --buffer option`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/unittest.html#cmdoption-unittest-b).

#### `--no-faulthandler`

Django automatically calls [`faulthandler.enable()`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/faulthandler.html#faulthandler.enable) when starting the
tests, which allows it to print a traceback if the interpreter crashes. Pass
`--no-faulthandler` to disable this behavior.

#### `--timing`

Outputs timings, including database setup and total run time.

#### `--durations N`

> **New in Django 5.0**

Shows the N slowest test cases (N=0 for all).

> **Python 3.12 and later**
>
> This feature is only available for Python 3.12 and later.

### `testserver`

#### `django-admin testserver [fixture [fixture ...]]`

Runs a Django development server (as in [`runserver`](#django-admin-runserver)) using data from
the given fixture(s).

For example, this command:

```console
django-admin testserver mydata.json
```

...akan melakukan langkah-langkah berikut:

1. Buat basisdata percobaan, seperti digambarkan di [Basisdata percobaan](/id/5.1/topics/testing/overview/#the-test-database).
2. Populate the test database with fixture data from the given fixtures.
   (For more on fixtures, see the documentation for [`loaddata`](#django-admin-loaddata) above.)
3. Runs the Django development server (as in [`runserver`](#django-admin-runserver)), pointed at
   this newly created test database instead of your production database.

Ini sangat berguna di sejumlah jalan:

- When you're writing [unit tests](/id/5.1/topics/testing/overview/) of how your views
  act with certain fixture data, you can use `testserver` to interact with
  the views in a web browser, manually.
- Let's say you're developing your Django application and have a "pristine"
  copy of a database that you'd like to interact with. You can dump your
  database to a [fixture](/id/5.1/topics/db/fixtures/#fixtures-explanation) (using the
  [`dumpdata`](#django-admin-dumpdata) command, explained above), then use `testserver` to run
  your web application with that data.  With this arrangement, you have the
  flexibility of messing up your data in any way, knowing that whatever data
  changes you're making are only being made to a test database.

Note that this server does *not* automatically detect changes to your Python
source code (as [`runserver`](#django-admin-runserver) does). It does, however, detect changes to
templates.

#### `--addrport ADDRPORT`

Specifies a different port, or IP address and port, from the default of
`127.0.0.1:8000`. This value follows exactly the same format and serves
exactly the same function as the argument to the [`runserver`](#django-admin-runserver) command.

Contoh:

To run the test server on port 7000 with `fixture1` and `fixture2`:

```console
django-admin testserver --addrport 7000 fixture1 fixture2
django-admin testserver fixture1 fixture2 --addrport 7000
```

(The above statements are equivalent. We include both of them to demonstrate
that it doesn't matter whether the options come before or after the fixture
arguments.)

To run on 1.2.3.4:7000 with a `test` fixture:

```console
django-admin testserver --addrport 1.2.3.4:7000 test
```

#### `--noinput, --no-input`

Suppresses all user prompts. A typical prompt is a warning about deleting an
existing test database.

## Perintah disediakan oleh aplikasi

Some commands are only available when the `django.contrib` application that
[implements](/id/5.1/howto/custom-management-commands/) them has been
[`enabled`](/id/5.1/ref/settings/#std-setting-INSTALLED_APPS). This section describes them grouped by
their application.

### `django.contrib.auth`

#### `changepassword`

#### `django-admin changepassword [<username>]`

Perintah ini hanya tersedia jika [authentication system](/id/5.1/topics/auth/) (`django.contrib.auth`) Django dipasang.

Allows changing a user's password. It prompts you to enter a new password twice
for the given user. If the entries are identical, this immediately becomes the
new password. If you do not supply a user, the command will attempt to change
the password whose username matches the current user.

#### `--database DATABASE`

Menentukan basisdata untuk permintaan untuk pengguna. Awal ke `default`.

Contoh penggunaan:

```console
django-admin changepassword ringo
```

#### `createsuperuser`

#### `django-admin createsuperuser`

#### `DJANGO_SUPERUSER_PASSWORD`

Perintah ini hanya tersedia jika [authentication system](/id/5.1/topics/auth/) (`django.contrib.auth`) Django dipasang.

Creates a superuser account (a user who has all permissions). This is
useful if you need to create an initial superuser account or if you need to
programmatically generate superuser accounts for your site(s).

When run interactively, this command will prompt for a password for
the new superuser account. When run non-interactively, you can provide
a password by setting the [`DJANGO_SUPERUSER_PASSWORD`](#envvar-DJANGO_SUPERUSER_PASSWORD) environment
variable. Otherwise, no password will be set, and the superuser account will
not be able to log in until a password has been manually set for it.

In non-interactive mode, the
[`USERNAME_FIELD`](/id/5.1/topics/auth/customizing/#django.contrib.auth.models.CustomUser.USERNAME_FIELD) and required
fields (listed in
[`REQUIRED_FIELDS`](/id/5.1/topics/auth/customizing/#django.contrib.auth.models.CustomUser.REQUIRED_FIELDS)) fall back to
`DJANGO_SUPERUSER_<uppercase_field_name>` environment variables, unless they
are overridden by a command line argument. For example, to provide an `email`
field, you can use `DJANGO_SUPERUSER_EMAIL` environment variable.

#### `--noinput, --no-input`

Suppresses all user prompts. If a suppressed prompt cannot be resolved
automatically, the command will exit with error code 1.

#### `--username USERNAME`

#### `--email EMAIL`

The username and email address for the new account can be supplied by
using the `--username` and `--email` arguments on the command
line. If either of those is not supplied, `createsuperuser` will prompt for
it when running interactively.

#### `--database DATABASE`

Specifies the database into which the superuser object will be saved.

You can subclass the management command and override `get_input_data()` if you
want to customize data input and validation. Consult the source code for
details on the existing implementation and the method's parameters. For example,
it could be useful if you have a `ForeignKey` in
[`REQUIRED_FIELDS`](/id/5.1/topics/auth/customizing/#django.contrib.auth.models.CustomUser.REQUIRED_FIELDS) and want to
allow creating an instance instead of entering the primary key of an existing
instance.

### `django.contrib.contenttypes`

#### `remove_stale_contenttypes`

#### `django-admin remove_stale_contenttypes`

Printah ini hanya tersedia jika [contenttypes app](/id/5.1/ref/contrib/contenttypes/) ([`django.contrib.contenttypes`](/id/5.1/ref/contrib/contenttypes/#module-django.contrib.contenttypes)) Django terpasang.

Deletes stale content types (from deleted models) in your database. Any objects
that depend on the deleted content types will also be deleted. A list of
deleted objects will be displayed before you confirm it's okay to proceed with
the deletion.

#### `--database DATABASE`

Menentukan basisdata untuk digunakan. Awalan pada `default`.

#### `--include-stale-apps`

Deletes stale content types including ones from previously installed apps that
have been removed from [`INSTALLED_APPS`](/id/5.1/ref/settings/#std-setting-INSTALLED_APPS). Defaults to `False`.

### `django.contrib.gis`

#### `ogrinspect`

Perintah ini hanya tersedia jika [GeoDjango](/id/5.1/ref/contrib/gis/) (`django.contrib.gis`) terpasang.

Silahkan mengacu ke [`description`](/id/5.1/ref/contrib/gis/commands/#django-admin-ogrinspect) nya di dokumentasi GeoDjango.

### `django.contrib.sessions`

#### `clearsessions`

#### `django-admin clearsessions`

Dapat berjalan sebagai sebuah pekerjaan cron job atau langsung membersihkan sesi kadaluarsa.

### `django.contrib.staticfiles`

#### `collectstatic`

Perintah ini hanya tersedia jika:doc:static files application \</howto/static-files/index\> (`django.contrib.staticfiles`) terpasang.

Silahkan mengacu ke [`description`](/id/5.1/ref/contrib/staticfiles/#django-admin-collectstatic) in the [staticfiles](/id/5.1/ref/contrib/staticfiles/) nya di dokumentasi.

#### `findstatic`

Perintah ini hanya tersedia jika:doc:static files application \</howto/static-files/index\> (`django.contrib.staticfiles`) terpasang.

Harap mengacu pada [`description`](/id/5.1/ref/contrib/staticfiles/#django-admin-findstatic) nya dalam dokumentasi the [staticfiles](/id/5.1/ref/contrib/staticfiles/) .

## Pilihan awal

Although some commands may allow their own custom options, every command
allows for the following options by default:

#### `--pythonpath PYTHONPATH`

Adds the given filesystem path to the Python [`sys.path`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.path) module
attribute. If this isn't provided, `django-admin` will use the
[`PYTHONPATH`](https://docs.python.org/3/using/cmdline.html#envvar-PYTHONPATH) environment variable.

Pilihan ini tidak diperlukan dalam `manage.py`, karena itu merawat pengaturan jalur Python untuk anda.

Contoh penggunaan:

```console
django-admin migrate --pythonpath='/home/djangoprojects/myproject'
```

#### `--settings SETTINGS`

Specifies the settings module to use. The settings module should be in Python
package syntax, e.g. `mysite.settings`. If this isn't provided,
`django-admin` will use the [`DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE`](/id/5.1/topics/settings/#envvar-DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE) environment
variable.

Pilihan ini belum diperlukan di `manage.py`, karena itu menggunakan `settings.py` dari proyek saat ini secara awal.

Contoh penggunaan:

```console
django-admin migrate --settings=mysite.settings
```

#### `--traceback`

Displays a full stack trace when a [`CommandError`](/id/5.1/howto/custom-management-commands/#django.core.management.CommandError)
is raised. By default, `django-admin` will show an error message when a
`CommandError` occurs and a full stack trace for any other exception.

This option is ignored by [`runserver`](#django-admin-runserver).

Contoh penggunaan:

```console
django-admin migrate --traceback
```

#### `--verbosity {0,1,2,3}, -v {0,1,2,3}`

Menentukan jumlah pemberitahuan dan informasi mencari kesalahan yang perintah harus cetak ke konsol.

- `0` berarti tidak ada keluaran.
- `1` berarti keluaran biasa(awalan).
- `2` berarti keluaran bertele-tele.
- `3` berarti keluaran bertele-tele *sangat*.

This option is ignored by [`runserver`](#django-admin-runserver).

Contoh penggunaan:

```console
django-admin migrate --verbosity 2
```

#### `--no-color`

Disables colorized command output.  Some commands format their output to be
colorized. For example, errors will be printed to the console in red and SQL
statements will be syntax highlighted.

Contoh penggunaan:

```console
django-admin runserver --no-color
```

#### `--force-color`

Forces colorization of the command output if it would otherwise be disabled
as discussed in [Pewarnaan sintaksis](#syntax-coloring). For example, you may want to pipe
colored output to another command.

#### `--skip-checks`

Skips running system checks prior to running the command. This option is only
available if the
[`requires_system_checks`](/id/5.1/howto/custom-management-commands/#django.core.management.BaseCommand.requires_system_checks) command
attribute is not an empty list or tuple.

Contoh penggunaan:

```console
django-admin migrate --skip-checks
```

## Kecermatan tambahan

### Pewarnaan sintaksis

#### `DJANGO_COLORS`

The `django-admin` / `manage.py` commands will use pretty
color-coded output if your terminal supports ANSI-colored output. It
won't use the color codes if you're piping the command's output to
another program unless the [`--force-color`](#cmdoption-force-color) option is used.

#### Windows support

On Windows 10, the [Windows Terminal](https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/p/windows-terminal-preview/9n0dx20hk701) application, [VS Code](https://code.visualstudio.com), and PowerShell
(where virtual terminal processing is enabled) allow colored output, and are
supported by default.

Under Windows, the legacy `cmd.exe` native console doesn't support ANSI
escape sequences so by default there is no color output. In this case either of
two third-party libraries are needed:

- Install [colorama](https://pypi.org/project/colorama/), a Python package that translates ANSI color codes
  into Windows API calls. Django commands will detect its presence and will
  make use of its services to color output just like on Unix-based platforms.
  `colorama` can be installed via pip:

  ```doscon
  ...\> py -m pip install "colorama >= 0.4.6"
  ```
- Install [ANSICON](http://adoxa.altervista.org/ansicon/), a third-party tool that allows `cmd.exe` to process
  ANSI color codes. Django commands will detect its presence and will make use
  of its services to color output just like on Unix-based platforms.

Other modern terminal environments on Windows, that support terminal colors,
but which are not automatically detected as supported by Django, may "fake" the
installation of `ANSICON` by setting the appropriate environmental variable,
`ANSICON="on"`.

#### Custom colors

Penggunaan warna untuk penyorotan sintaksis dapat disesuaikan. Django mengirim dengan tida warna palet:

- `dark`, cocok pada terminals yang menunjukkan teks putih pada latar belakang hitam. Ini adalah palet awalan.
- `light`, cocok pada to terminal yang menunjukkan teks hitam pada latar belakang putih.
- `nocolor`, yang meniadakan penyorotan sintaksis.

You select a palette by setting a [`DJANGO_COLORS`](#envvar-DJANGO_COLORS) environment
variable to specify the palette you want to use. For example, to
specify the `light` palette under a Unix or OS/X BASH shell, you
would run the following at a command prompt:

```shell
export DJANGO_COLORS="light"
```

Anda dapat menyesuaikan warna yang digunakan. Django menentukan sejumlah peran dimana warna digunakan.

- `error` \- Sebuah kesalahan besar.
- `notice` \- Sebuah kesalahan kecil.
- `success` \- Sebuah berhasil.
- `warning` \- Sebuah peringatan.
- `sql_field` \- nama dari bidang model di SQL.
- `sql_coltype` \- Jenis dari bidang model di SQL.
- `sql_keyword` \- Sebuah kata kunci SQL.
- `sql_table` \- Nama dari sebuah model di SQL.
- `http_info` \- A 1XX HTTP Informational server response.
- `http_success` \- A 2XX HTTP Success server response.
- `http_not_modified` \- A 304 HTTP Not Modified server response.
- `http_redirect` \- A 3XX HTTP Redirect server response other than 304.
- `http_not_found` \- A 404 HTTP Not Found server response.
- `http_bad_request` \- A 4XX HTTP Bad Request server response other than 404.
- `http_server_error` \- A 5XX HTTP Server Error response.
- `migrate_heading` \- A heading in a migrations management command.
- `migrate_label` \- Sebuah nama perpindahan.

Each of these roles can be assigned a specific foreground and
background color, from the following list:

- `hitam`
- `merah`
- `hijau`
- `kuning`
- `biru`
- `magenta`
- `cyan`
- `putih`

Setiap warna ini dapat dirubah menggunakan pilihan tampilan berikut:

- `tebal`
- `garis bawah`
- `kedip`
- `reverse`
- `conceal`

Sebuah spesifikasi warna mengikuti satu dari pola berikut:

- `role=fg`
- `role=fg/bg`
- `role=fg,option,option`
- `role=fg/bg,option,option`

where `role` is the name of a valid color role, `fg` is the
foreground color, `bg` is the background color and each `option`
is one of the color modifying options. Multiple color specifications
are then separated by a semicolon. For example:

```shell
export DJANGO_COLORS="error=yellow/blue,blink;notice=magenta"
```

would specify that errors be displayed using blinking yellow on blue,
and notices displayed using magenta. All other color roles would be
left uncolored.

Colors can also be specified by extending a base palette. If you put
a palette name in a color specification, all the colors implied by that
palette will be loaded. So:

```shell
export DJANGO_COLORS="light;error=yellow/blue,blink;notice=magenta"
```

would specify the use of all the colors in the light color palette,
*except* for the colors for errors and notices which would be
overridden as specified.

### Bash completion

If you use the Bash shell, consider installing the Django bash completion
script, which lives in [extras/django\_bash\_completion](https://github.com/django/django/blob/stable/5.1.x/extras/django_bash_completion) in the Django source
distribution. It enables tab-completion of `django-admin` and
`manage.py` commands, so you can, for instance...

- Ketik `django-admin`.
- Tekan \[TAB\] untuk melihat semua pilihan tersedia.
- Ketik `sql`, kemudian \[TAB\], untuk melihat semua pilihan tersedia yang namanya dimulai dengan `sql`.

Lihat [Bagaimana membuat perintah django-admin yang disesuaikan](/id/5.1/howto/custom-management-commands/) untuk bagaimana menambahkan tindakan disesuaikan.

### Black formatting

The Python files created by [`startproject`](#django-admin-startproject), [`startapp`](#django-admin-startapp),
[`optimizemigration`](#django-admin-optimizemigration), [`makemigrations`](#django-admin-makemigrations), and
[`squashmigrations`](#django-admin-squashmigrations) are formatted using the `black` command if it is
present on your `PATH`.

If you have `black` globally installed, but do not wish it used for the
current project, you can set the `PATH` explicitly:

```shell
PATH=path/to/venv/bin django-admin makemigrations
```

For commands using `stdout` you can pipe the output to `black` if needed:

```shell
django-admin inspectdb | black -
```

# Menjalankan pengelolaan perintah dari kode anda

#### `django.core.management.call_command(name, *args, **options)`

To call a management command from code use `call_command()`.

**`name`**

  nama dari perintah untuk memanggil atau memerintah obyek. Melewatkan nama dipilih meskipun obyek diwajibkan untuk percobaan.

**`*args`**

  a list of arguments accepted by the command. Arguments are passed to the
  argument parser, so you can use the same style as you would on the command
  line. For example, `call_command('flush', '--verbosity=0')`.

**`**options`**

  named options accepted on the command-line. Options are passed to the command
  without triggering the argument parser, which means you'll need to pass the
  correct type. For example, `call_command('flush', verbosity=0)` (zero must
  be an integer rather than a string).

Contoh:

```
from django.core import management
from django.core.management.commands import loaddata

management.call_command("flush", verbosity=0, interactive=False)
management.call_command("loaddata", "test_data", verbosity=0)
management.call_command(loaddata.Command(), "test_data", verbosity=0)
```

Note that command options that take no arguments are passed as keywords
with `True` or `False`, as you can see with the `interactive` option above.

Named arguments can be passed by using either one of the following syntaxes:

```
# Similar to the command line
management.call_command("dumpdata", "--natural-foreign")

# Named argument similar to the command line minus the initial dashes and
# with internal dashes replaced by underscores
management.call_command("dumpdata", natural_foreign=True)

# `use_natural_foreign_keys` is the option destination variable
management.call_command("dumpdata", use_natural_foreign_keys=True)
```

Some command options have different names when using `call_command()` instead
of `django-admin` or `manage.py`. For example, `django-admin
createsuperuser --no-input` translates to `call_command('createsuperuser',
interactive=False)`. To find what keyword argument name to use for
`call_command()`, check the command's source code for the `dest` argument
passed to `parser.add_argument()`.

Command options which take multiple options are passed a list:

```
management.call_command("dumpdata", exclude=["contenttypes", "auth"])
```

The return value of the `call_command()` function is the same as the return
value of the `handle()` method of the command.

## Pengalihan keluaran

Note that you can redirect standard output and error streams as all commands
support the `stdout` and `stderr` options. For example, you could write:

```
with open("/path/to/command_output", "w") as f:
    management.call_command("dumpdata", stdout=f)
```