{"title":"Bagaimana menyediakan data awal untuk model","version":"5.0","locale":"id","docname":"howto/initial-data","url":"/id/5.0/howto/initial-data/","canonical":"https://djangodocs.dev/id/5.0/howto/initial-data/","summary":"Terkadang berguna mengisi terlebih dahulu basisdata anda dengan data berkode keras ketika anda pertama kali mensetel aplikasi. Anda dapat menyediakan data awal…","html":"<h1>Bagaimana menyediakan data awal untuk model<a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#how-to-provide-initial-data-for-models\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this heading</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></h1>\n<p>Terkadang berguna mengisi terlebih dahulu basisdata anda dengan data berkode keras ketika anda pertama kali mensetel aplikasi. Anda dapat menyediakan data awal dengan perpindahan atau perlengkapan.</p>\n<section id=\"provide-initial-data-with-migrations\">\n<h2>Provide initial data with migrations<a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#provide-initial-data-with-migrations\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this heading</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></h2>\n<p>To automatically load initial data for an app, create a\n<a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/id/5.0/topics/migrations/#data-migrations\"><span class=\"std std-ref\">data migration</span></a>. Migrations are run when setting up the\ntest database, so the data will be available there, subject to <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/id/5.0/topics/testing/overview/#test-case-serialized-rollback\"><span class=\"std std-ref\">some\nlimitations</span></a>.</p>\n</section>\n<section id=\"provide-data-with-fixtures\">\n<span id=\"initial-data-via-fixtures\"></span><h2>Provide data with fixtures<a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#provide-data-with-fixtures\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this heading</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></h2>\n<p>You can also provide data using <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/id/5.0/topics/db/fixtures/#fixtures-explanation\"><span class=\"std std-ref\">fixtures</span></a>,\nhowever, this data isn't loaded automatically, except if you use\n<a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/id/5.0/topics/testing/tools/#django.test.TransactionTestCase.fixtures\" title=\"django.test.TransactionTestCase.fixtures\"><code class=\"xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">TransactionTestCase.fixtures</span></code></a>.</p>\n<p>Perlengkapan tetap adalah sebuah kumpulan dari data yang Django ketahui bagaimana diimpor kedalam sebuah basisdata. Kebanyakan jalan mudah dari pembuatan perlengkapan tetap jika anda telah mendapatkan beberapa data adalah untuk menggunakan perintah  <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/id/5.0/ref/django-admin/#django-admin-dumpdata\"><code class=\"xref std std-djadmin docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">manage.py</span> <span class=\"pre\">dumpdata</span></code></a>. Atau, anda dapat menulis perlengkapan tetap dengan tangan; perlengkapan tetap dapat ditulis sebagai dokumen JSON, XML atau YAML (dengan <a class=\"reference external\" href=\"https://pyyaml.org/\">PyYAML</a> terpasang). <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/id/5.0/topics/serialization/\"><span class=\"doc\">serialization documentation</span></a> mempunyai lebih rincian tentang setiap dari ini <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/id/5.0/topics/serialization/#serialization-formats\"><span class=\"std std-ref\">serialization formats</span></a> yang didukung.</p>\n<p>Sebagai contoh, meskipun, inilah yang perlengkapan untuk model <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">Person</span></code> mungkin terlihat seperti dalam JSON:</p>\n<div class=\"code-block\" data-language=\"js\"><div class=\"code-block-toolbar\"><span class=\"code-block-language\">Js</span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-button\" data-copy hidden><span class=\"copy-button-label\">Copy</span></button></div><pre role=\"group\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Js code\"><code><span class=\"p\">[</span>\n<span class=\"w\">  </span><span class=\"p\">{</span>\n<span class=\"w\">    </span><span class=\"s2\">&quot;model&quot;</span><span class=\"o\">:</span><span class=\"w\"> </span><span class=\"s2\">&quot;myapp.person&quot;</span><span class=\"p\">,</span>\n<span class=\"w\">    </span><span class=\"s2\">&quot;pk&quot;</span><span class=\"o\">:</span><span class=\"w\"> </span><span class=\"mf\">1</span><span class=\"p\">,</span>\n<span class=\"w\">    </span><span class=\"s2\">&quot;fields&quot;</span><span class=\"o\">:</span><span class=\"w\"> </span><span class=\"p\">{</span>\n<span class=\"w\">      </span><span class=\"s2\">&quot;first_name&quot;</span><span class=\"o\">:</span><span class=\"w\"> </span><span class=\"s2\">&quot;John&quot;</span><span class=\"p\">,</span>\n<span class=\"w\">      </span><span class=\"s2\">&quot;last_name&quot;</span><span class=\"o\">:</span><span class=\"w\"> </span><span class=\"s2\">&quot;Lennon&quot;</span>\n<span class=\"w\">    </span><span class=\"p\">}</span>\n<span class=\"w\">  </span><span class=\"p\">},</span>\n<span class=\"w\">  </span><span class=\"p\">{</span>\n<span class=\"w\">    </span><span class=\"s2\">&quot;model&quot;</span><span class=\"o\">:</span><span class=\"w\"> </span><span class=\"s2\">&quot;myapp.person&quot;</span><span class=\"p\">,</span>\n<span class=\"w\">    </span><span class=\"s2\">&quot;pk&quot;</span><span class=\"o\">:</span><span class=\"w\"> </span><span class=\"mf\">2</span><span class=\"p\">,</span>\n<span class=\"w\">    </span><span class=\"s2\">&quot;fields&quot;</span><span class=\"o\">:</span><span class=\"w\"> </span><span class=\"p\">{</span>\n<span class=\"w\">      </span><span class=\"s2\">&quot;first_name&quot;</span><span class=\"o\">:</span><span class=\"w\"> </span><span class=\"s2\">&quot;Paul&quot;</span><span class=\"p\">,</span>\n<span class=\"w\">      </span><span class=\"s2\">&quot;last_name&quot;</span><span class=\"o\">:</span><span class=\"w\"> </span><span class=\"s2\">&quot;McCartney&quot;</span>\n<span class=\"w\">    </span><span class=\"p\">}</span>\n<span class=\"w\">  </span><span class=\"p\">}</span>\n<span class=\"p\">]</span>\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>Dan ini adalah yang perlengkapan tetap sama seperti YAML:</p>\n<div class=\"code-block\" data-language=\"yaml\"><div class=\"code-block-toolbar\"><span class=\"code-block-language\">YAML</span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-button\" data-copy hidden><span class=\"copy-button-label\">Copy</span></button></div><pre role=\"group\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"YAML code\"><code><span class=\"p p-Indicator\">-</span><span class=\"w\"> </span><span class=\"nt\">model</span><span class=\"p\">:</span><span class=\"w\"> </span><span class=\"l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain\">myapp.person</span>\n<span class=\"w\">  </span><span class=\"nt\">pk</span><span class=\"p\">:</span><span class=\"w\"> </span><span class=\"l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain\">1</span>\n<span class=\"w\">  </span><span class=\"nt\">fields</span><span class=\"p\">:</span>\n<span class=\"w\">    </span><span class=\"nt\">first_name</span><span class=\"p\">:</span><span class=\"w\"> </span><span class=\"l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain\">John</span>\n<span class=\"w\">    </span><span class=\"nt\">last_name</span><span class=\"p\">:</span><span class=\"w\"> </span><span class=\"l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain\">Lennon</span>\n<span class=\"p p-Indicator\">-</span><span class=\"w\"> </span><span class=\"nt\">model</span><span class=\"p\">:</span><span class=\"w\"> </span><span class=\"l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain\">myapp.person</span>\n<span class=\"w\">  </span><span class=\"nt\">pk</span><span class=\"p\">:</span><span class=\"w\"> </span><span class=\"l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain\">2</span>\n<span class=\"w\">  </span><span class=\"nt\">fields</span><span class=\"p\">:</span>\n<span class=\"w\">    </span><span class=\"nt\">first_name</span><span class=\"p\">:</span><span class=\"w\"> </span><span class=\"l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain\">Paul</span>\n<span class=\"w\">    </span><span class=\"nt\">last_name</span><span class=\"p\">:</span><span class=\"w\"> </span><span class=\"l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain\">McCartney</span>\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>Anda akan menyimpan data ini dalam sebuah direktori <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">fixtures</span></code> didalam aplikasi anda.</p>\n<p>You can load data by calling <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/id/5.0/ref/django-admin/#django-admin-loaddata\"><code class=\"xref std std-djadmin docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">manage.py</span> <span class=\"pre\">loaddata</span></code></a>\n<code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">&lt;fixturename&gt;</span></code>, where <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">&lt;fixturename&gt;</span></code> is the name of the fixture file\nyou've created. Each time you run <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/id/5.0/ref/django-admin/#django-admin-loaddata\"><code class=\"xref std std-djadmin docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">loaddata</span></code></a>, the data will be read\nfrom the fixture and reloaded into the database. Note this means that if you\nchange one of the rows created by a fixture and then run <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/id/5.0/ref/django-admin/#django-admin-loaddata\"><code class=\"xref std std-djadmin docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">loaddata</span></code></a>\nagain, you'll wipe out any changes you've made.</p>\n<section id=\"tell-django-where-to-look-for-fixture-files\">\n<h3>Tell Django where to look for fixture files<a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#tell-django-where-to-look-for-fixture-files\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this heading</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></h3>\n<p>By default, Django looks for fixtures in the <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">fixtures</span></code> directory inside each\napp for, so the command <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">loaddata</span> <span class=\"pre\">sample</span></code> will find the file\n<code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">my_app/fixtures/sample.json</span></code>. This works with relative paths as well, so\n<code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">loaddata</span> <span class=\"pre\">my_app/sample</span></code> will find the file\n<code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">my_app/fixtures/my_app/sample.json</span></code>.</p>\n<p>Django also looks for fixtures in the list of directories provided in the\n<a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/id/5.0/ref/settings/#std-setting-FIXTURE_DIRS\"><code class=\"xref std std-setting docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">FIXTURE_DIRS</span></code></a> setting.</p>\n<p>To completely prevent default search form happening, use an absolute path to\nspecify the location of your fixture file, e.g. <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">loaddata</span> <span class=\"pre\">/path/to/sample</span></code>.</p>\n<aside class=\"admonition-namespace-your-fixture-files admonition\">\n<p class=\"admonition-title\">Namespace your fixture files</p>\n<p>Django will use the first fixture file it finds whose name matches, so if\nyou have fixture files with the same name in different applications, you\nwill be unable to distinguish between them in your <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">loaddata</span></code> commands.\nThe easiest way to avoid this problem is by <em>namespacing</em> your fixture\nfiles. That is, by putting them inside a directory named for their\napplication, as in the relative path example above.</p>\n</aside>\n<aside class=\"admonition admonition-seealso\">\n<p class=\"admonition-title\">Lihat juga</p>\n<p>Perlengkapan tetap juga digunakan oleh <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/id/5.0/topics/testing/tools/#topics-testing-fixtures\"><span class=\"std std-ref\">testing framework</span></a> untuk membantu mengatur kelesarasan lingkungan percobaan.</p>\n</aside>\n</section>\n</section>","rootId":"how-to-provide-initial-data-for-models","toc":[{"title":"Provide initial data with migrations","anchor":"provide-initial-data-with-migrations","children":[]},{"title":"Provide data with fixtures","anchor":"provide-data-with-fixtures","children":[{"title":"Tell Django where to look for fixture files","anchor":"tell-django-where-to-look-for-fixture-files","children":[]}]}],"breadcrumbs":[{"docname":"howto/index","title":"Panduan \"Bagaimana\"","url":"/id/5.0/howto/"}],"prev":{"docname":"howto/error-reporting","title":"Bagaimana mengelola pelaporan kesalahan","url":"/id/5.0/howto/error-reporting/"},"next":{"docname":"howto/legacy-databases","title":"Bagaimana menggabungkan Django dengan basisdata warisan","url":"/id/5.0/howto/legacy-databases/"},"formats":{"html":"/id/5.0/howto/initial-data/","markdown":"/id/5.0/howto/initial-data.md","json":"/id/5.0/howto/initial-data.json"},"source":"https://github.com/django/django/blob/stable/5.0.x/docs/howto/initial-data.txt","official":"https://docs.djangoproject.com/id/5.0/howto/initial-data/","inVersions":["6.1","6.0","5.2","5.1","5.0","4.2","4.1","4.0","3.2","3.1","3.0","2.2","2.1","2.0","1.11","1.10","1.9"],"inLocales":["en","zh-hans","fr","ja","id","it","pt-br","ko","es","el","pl"]}