{"title":"Pemasangan GeoDjango","version":"4.2","locale":"id","docname":"ref/contrib/gis/install/index","url":"/id/4.2/ref/contrib/gis/install/","canonical":"https://djangodocs.dev/id/4.2/ref/contrib/gis/install/","summary":"Ikhtisar Link to this heading # Secara umum, pemasangan GeoDjango membutuhkan: Python dan Django Basisdata spasial Memasang pustaka Geospatial Rincian untuk setiap…","html":"

Pemasangan GeoDjangoLink to this heading#

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IkhtisarLink to this heading#

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Secara umum, pemasangan GeoDjango membutuhkan:

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  1. Python dan Django

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  2. Basisdata spasial

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  3. Memasang pustaka Geospatial

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Rincian untuk setiap dari persyaratan dan petunjuk pemasangan disediakan di bagian dibawah. Sebagai tambahan, petunjuk khusus-serambi tersedia untuk:

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PersyaratanLink to this heading#

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Python dan DjangoLink to this heading#

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Karena GeoDjango disertakan dengan Django, harap mengacu pada installation instructions Django untuk rincian bagaimana memasang.

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Basisdata spasialLink to this heading#

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PostgreSQL (with PostGIS), MySQL, Oracle, and SQLite (with SpatiaLite) are the\nspatial databases currently supported.

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Pustaka-pustaka gespasial dibutuhkan untuk pemasangan GeoDjango tergantung pada basisdata spasial digunakan. Daftar berikut persyaratan pustaka, versi didukung, dan catatan apapun untuk setiap dari backend basisdata didukung:

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Basisdata

Persyaratan Pustaka

Versi Didukung

Catatan

PostgreSQL

GEOS, GDAL, PROJ, PostGIS

12+

Membutuhkan PostGIS.

MySQL

GEOS, GDAL

8+

Limited functionality.

Oracle

GEOS, GDAL

19+

XE tidak didukung.

SQLite

GEOS, GDAL, PROJ, SpatiaLite

3.21.0+

Membutuhkan SpatiaLite 4.3+

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Lihat juga this comparison matrix pada Wiki OSGeo untuk PostgreSQL/PostGIS/GEOS/GDAL kemungkinan perpaduan.

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PemasanganLink to this heading#

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Pustaka geospasialLink to this heading#

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Pemasangan basisdataLink to this heading#

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Konfigurasi DATABASESLink to this heading#

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Setel pengaturan ENGINE menjadi satu dari the spatial backends.

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Tambah django.contrib.gis ke INSTALLED_APPSLink to this heading#

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Seperti aplikasi bantuan Django lain, anda akan hanya butuh menambahkan django.contrib.gis ke INSTALLED_APPS dalam pengaturan anda. Ini sehingga cetakan gis dapat ditempatkan -- jika belum selesai, kemudian fitur-fitur seperti admin georgafis atau peta situs KML tidak akan berfungsi dengan baik.

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Menyelesaikan masalahLink to this heading#

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Jika anda tidak dapat menemukan pemecahan padamasalah anda disini lalu ikut serta di komunitas! Anda dapat:

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Pustaka pengaturan lingkunganLink to this heading#

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Sejauh ini, masalah paling umum ketika memasang GeoDjango adalah bahwa pustaka-pustaka berbagi eksternal (misalnya, untuk GEOS dan GDAL) tidak dapat ditempatkan. [1] Khususnya, penyebab masalah ini adalah bahwa sistem operasi tidak waspada dari direktori dimana pustaka-pustaka dibangun dari sumber yang dipasang.

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Secara umum, jalur pustaka mungkin disetel pada dasar per-pengguna dengan mengatur varibel lingkungan, atau dengan mengkonfigurasi jalur pustaka untuk sistem kesulurhan.

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Variabel lingkungan LD_LIBRARY_PATHLink to this heading#

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A user may set this environment variable to customize the library paths\nthey want to use. The typical library directory for software\nbuilt from source is /usr/local/lib. Thus, /usr/local/lib needs\nto be included in the LD_LIBRARY_PATH variable. For example, the user\ncould place the following in their bash profile:

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Shell
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib\n
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Menyetel jalur pustakan sistemLink to this heading#

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On GNU/Linux systems, there is typically a file in /etc/ld.so.conf, which may include\nadditional paths from files in another directory, such as /etc/ld.so.conf.d.\nAs the root user, add the custom library path (like /usr/local/lib) on a\nnew line in ld.so.conf. This is one example of how to do so:

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Shell
$ sudo echo /usr/local/lib >> /etc/ld.so.conf\n$ sudo ldconfig\n
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For OpenSolaris users, the system library path may be modified using the\ncrle utility. Run crle with no options to see the current configuration\nand use crle -l to set with the new library path. Be very careful when\nmodifying the system library path:

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Shell
# crle -l $OLD_PATH:/usr/local/lib\n
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Pasang binutilsLink to this heading#

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GeoDjango menggunakan fungsi find_library (dari modul Python ctypes.util) untuk menemukan pustaka. Rutin find_library menggunakan sebuah program disebut objump (bagian dari paket binutils) untuk memeriksa pustaka berbagi pada sistem GNU/Linux. Dengan demikian, jika binutils tidak dipasang pada sistem Linux anda kemudian ctypes Python mungkin tidak dapat menemukan pustaka anda bahkan jika jalur pustaka anda disetel dengan benar dan pustaka-pustaka geospasial dibangun dengan sempurna.

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The binutils package may be installed on Debian and Ubuntu systems using the\nfollowing command:

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Shell
$ sudo apt-get install binutils\n
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Similarly, on Red Hat and CentOS systems:

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$ sudo yum install binutils\n
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Petunjuk khusus-serambiLink to this heading#

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macOSLink to this heading#

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Karena beragam dari sistem pemaketan tersedia untuk macOS, pengguna mempunyai beberapa pilihan berbeda untuk memasang GeoDjango. Pilihan ini adalah:

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Bagian ini juga menyertakan petunjuk untuk pemasangan sebuah versi tertingkatkan dari Python dari paket-paket disediakan oleh Python Software Foundation, bagaimanapun, ini tidak diwajibkan.

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PythonLink to this heading#

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Meskipun macOS datang dengan Python terpasang, pengguna dapat menggunakan framework installers disediakan oleh Python Software Foundation.  Sebuah keuntungan menggunakan pemasang adalah bahwa Python macOS akan tetap "pristine" untuk penggunaan sistem operasi internal.

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Postgres.appLink to this heading#

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Postgres.app adalah sebuah peladen PostgreSQL berdisi sendiri yang menyertakan tambahan PostGIS. Anda akan juga butuh memasang gdal dan libgeoip dengan Homebrew.

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Setelah memasang Postgres.app, tambah berikut ke .bash_profile anda sehingga anda dapat menjalankan progam paket dari baris-perintah. Ganti X.Y dengan versi PostgreSQL di Postgres.app anda pasang:

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export PATH=$PATH:/Applications/Postgres.app/Contents/Versions/X.Y/bin\n
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Anda dapat memeriksa jalur disetel dengan benar dengan mengetik which psql pada terminal prompt.

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HomebrewLink to this heading#

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Homebrew menyediakan "recipes" untuk membangun biner dan paket dari sumber. itu menyediakan resep-resep untuk prasyarat GeoDjango pada komputer Macintosh menjalankan macOS. Karena Homebrew masih membangun perangkat lunak dari sumber, Xcode diwajibkan.

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Summary:

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Shell
$ brew install postgresql\n$ brew install postgis\n$ brew install gdal\n$ brew install libgeoip\n
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FinkLink to this heading#
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Kurt Schwehr telah cukup ramah membuat paket-paket GeoDjango untuk pengguna dari sistem paket Fink. Different packages are available (dimulai dengan django-gis), bergantung pada versi mana dari Python anda ingin gunakan.

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MacPortsLink to this heading#

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MacPorts mungkin digunakan untuk memasang prasyarat GeoDjango pada komputer berjalan macOS. Karena MacPorts masih membangun perangakat lunak dari sumber, Xcode diwajibkan.

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Summary:

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Shell
$ sudo port install postgresql13-server\n$ sudo port install geos\n$ sudo port install proj6\n$ sudo port install postgis3\n$ sudo port install gdal\n$ sudo port install libgeoip\n
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WindowsLink to this heading#

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Proceed through the following sections sequentially in order to install\nGeoDjango on Windows. In this tutorial we will install 64 bit versions of each\napplication.

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PythonLink to this heading#

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Install a 64 bit version of Python. See Install Python\nfor further information.

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PostgreSQLLink to this heading#

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Download the latest PostgreSQL 15.x installer from the\nEnterpriseDB website. After downloading, run the installer, follow the\non-screen directions, and keep the default options unless you know the\nconsequences of changing them.

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When the installer completes, it will ask to "Launch Stack Builder at exit?" --\nkeep this checked, as it is necessary to install PostGIS.

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PostGISLink to this heading#

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From within the Stack Builder (to run outside of the installer,\nStart ‣ PostgreSQL 15 ‣ Application Stack Builder), select\nPostgreSQL 15 (x64) on port 5432 from the drop down\nmenu and click next. Expand the\nCategories ‣ Spatial Extensions menu tree and select\nPostGIS X.Y for PostgreSQL 15.

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After clicking next, you will be prompted to confirm the selected package and\n"Download directory". Click next again, this will download PostGIS and you will\nbe asked to click next to begin the PostGIS installer. Select the default\noptions during install. The install process includes four Yes/No dialog boxes,\nthe default option for all four is "No".

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OSGeo4WLink to this heading#

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The OSGeo4W installer helps to install the PROJ, GDAL, and GEOS libraries\nrequired by GeoDjango. First, download the OSGeo4W installer, and\nrun it. Select Express Web-GIS Install and click next. In the\n'Select Packages' list, ensure that GDAL is selected. If any other packages are\nenabled by default, they are not required by GeoDjango and may be unchecked\nsafely. After clicking next and accepting the license agreements, the packages\nwill be automatically downloaded and installed, after which you may exit the\ninstaller.

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Merubah lingkungan WindowsLink to this heading#

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In order to use GeoDjango, you will need to add your OSGeo4W\ndirectories to your Windows system Path, as well as create GDAL_DATA\nand PROJ_LIB environment variables. The following set of commands,\nexecutable with cmd.exe, will set this up. Restart your device\nonce this is complete for new environment variables to be recognized:

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set OSGEO4W_ROOT=C:\\OSGeo4W\nset GDAL_DATA=%OSGEO4W_ROOT%\\apps\\gdal\\share\\gdal\nset PROJ_LIB=%OSGEO4W_ROOT%\\share\\proj\nset PATH=%PATH%;%OSGEO4W_ROOT%\\bin\nreg ADD "HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Session Manager\\Environment" /v Path /t REG_EXPAND_SZ /f /d "%PATH%"\nreg ADD "HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Session Manager\\Environment" /v GDAL_DATA /t REG_EXPAND_SZ /f /d "%GDAL_DATA%"\nreg ADD "HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Session Manager\\Environment" /v PROJ_LIB /t REG_EXPAND_SZ /f /d "%PROJ_LIB%"\n
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Pasang Django dan setel basisdataLink to this heading#

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Install Django on your system. It is\nrecommended that you create a virtual environment for each project you create.

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psycopgLink to this heading#

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The psycopg Python module provides the interface between Python and the\nPostgreSQL database. psycopg can be installed via pip within your Python\nvirtual environment:

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Windows
...\\> py -m pip install psycopg\n
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Catatan kaki

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