---
title: "API Formulir"
version: 4.1
locale: id
source: https://docs.djangoproject.com/id/4.1/ref/forms/api/
canonical: https://djangodocs.dev/id/4.1/ref/forms/api/
---
# API Formulir

> **Tentang dokumen ini**
>
> This document covers the gritty details of Django's forms API. You should
> read the [introduction to working with forms](/id/4.1/topics/forms/)
> first.

## Bound and unbound forms

A [`Form`](#django.forms.Form) instance is either **bound** to a set of data, or **unbound**.

- If it's **bound** to a set of data, it's capable of validating that data
  and rendering the form as HTML with the data displayed in the HTML.
- If it's **unbound**, it cannot do validation (because there's no data to
  validate!), but it can still render the blank form as HTML.

#### `class Form`

To create an unbound [`Form`](#django.forms.Form) instance, instantiate the class:

```
>>> f = ContactForm()
```

To bind data to a form, pass the data as a dictionary as the first parameter to
your [`Form`](#django.forms.Form) class constructor:

```
>>> data = {'subject': 'hello',
...         'message': 'Hi there',
...         'sender': 'foo@example.com',
...         'cc_myself': True}
>>> f = ContactForm(data)
```

In this dictionary, the keys are the field names, which correspond to the
attributes in your [`Form`](#django.forms.Form) class. The values are the data you're trying to
validate. These will usually be strings, but there's no requirement that they be
strings; the type of data you pass depends on the [`Field`](/id/4.1/ref/forms/fields/#django.forms.Field), as we'll see
in a moment.

#### `Form.is_bound`

If you need to distinguish between bound and unbound form instances at runtime,
check the value of the form's [`is_bound`](#django.forms.Form.is_bound) attribute:

```
>>> f = ContactForm()
>>> f.is_bound
False
>>> f = ContactForm({'subject': 'hello'})
>>> f.is_bound
True
```

Note that passing an empty dictionary creates a *bound* form with empty data:

```
>>> f = ContactForm({})
>>> f.is_bound
True
```

If you have a bound [`Form`](#django.forms.Form) instance and want to change the data somehow,
or if you want to bind an unbound [`Form`](#django.forms.Form) instance to some data, create
another [`Form`](#django.forms.Form) instance. There is no way to change data in a
[`Form`](#django.forms.Form) instance. Once a [`Form`](#django.forms.Form) instance has been created, you
should consider its data immutable, whether it has data or not.

## Menggunakan formulir untuk mensahkan data

#### `Form.clean()`

Implement a `clean()` method on your `Form` when you must add custom
validation for fields that are interdependent. See
[Membersihkan dan memeriksa bidang yang tergantung satu sama lain](/id/4.1/ref/forms/validation/#validating-fields-with-clean) for example usage.

#### `Form.is_valid()`

The primary task of a [`Form`](#django.forms.Form) object is to validate data. With a bound
[`Form`](#django.forms.Form) instance, call the [`is_valid()`](#django.forms.Form.is_valid) method to run validation
and return a boolean designating whether the data was valid:

```
>>> data = {'subject': 'hello',
...         'message': 'Hi there',
...         'sender': 'foo@example.com',
...         'cc_myself': True}
>>> f = ContactForm(data)
>>> f.is_valid()
True
```

Let's try with some invalid data. In this case, `subject` is blank (an error,
because all fields are required by default) and `sender` is not a valid
email address:

```
>>> data = {'subject': '',
...         'message': 'Hi there',
...         'sender': 'invalid email address',
...         'cc_myself': True}
>>> f = ContactForm(data)
>>> f.is_valid()
False
```

#### `Form.errors`

Mengakses atribut the [`errors`](#django.forms.Form.errors) untuk mendapatkan dictionary dari pesan kesalahan:

```
>>> f.errors
{'sender': ['Enter a valid email address.'], 'subject': ['This field is required.']}
```

In this dictionary, the keys are the field names, and the values are lists of
strings representing the error messages. The error messages are stored
in lists because a field can have multiple error messages.

You can access [`errors`](#django.forms.Form.errors) without having to call
[`is_valid()`](#django.forms.Form.is_valid) first. The form's data will be validated the first time
either you call [`is_valid()`](#django.forms.Form.is_valid) or access [`errors`](#django.forms.Form.errors).

The validation routines will only get called once, regardless of how many times
you access [`errors`](#django.forms.Form.errors) or call [`is_valid()`](#django.forms.Form.is_valid). This means that
if validation has side effects, those side effects will only be triggered once.

#### `Form.errors.as_data()`

Returns a `dict` that maps fields to their original `ValidationError`
instances.

```
>>> f.errors.as_data()
{'sender': [ValidationError(['Enter a valid email address.'])],
'subject': [ValidationError(['This field is required.'])]}
```

Gunakan metode ini kapanpun anda butuh untuk mencirikan sebuah kesalahan berdasarkan `code` nya. Ini mengadakan hal-hal seperti menulis kembali pesan kesalahan atau menulis logika penyesuaian dalam sebuah tampilan ketika kesalahan diberikan hadir. Itu dapat juga digunakan untuk menserialkan kesalahan dalam bentuk penyesuaian (misalnya XML); sebagai contoh, [`as_json()`](#django.forms.Form.errors.as_json) bergantung pada `as_data()`.

The need for the `as_data()` method is due to backwards compatibility.
Previously `ValidationError` instances were lost as soon as their
**rendered** error messages were added to the `Form.errors` dictionary.
Ideally `Form.errors` would have stored `ValidationError` instances
and methods with an `as_` prefix could render them, but it had to be done
the other way around in order not to break code that expects rendered error
messages in `Form.errors`.

#### `Form.errors.as_json(escape_html=False)`

Mengembalikan kesalahan terserialisasi sebagai JSON.

```
>>> f.errors.as_json()
{"sender": [{"message": "Enter a valid email address.", "code": "invalid"}],
"subject": [{"message": "This field is required.", "code": "required"}]}
```

By default, `as_json()` does not escape its output. If you are using it for
something like AJAX requests to a form view where the client interprets the
response and inserts errors into the page, you'll want to be sure to escape the
results on the client-side to avoid the possibility of a cross-site scripting
attack. You can do this in JavaScript with `element.textContent = errorText`
or with jQuery's `$(el).text(errorText)` (rather than its `.html()`
function).

If for some reason you don't want to use client-side escaping, you can also
set `escape_html=True` and error messages will be escaped so you can use them
directly in HTML.

#### `Form.errors.get_json_data(escape_html=False)`

Returns the errors as a dictionary suitable for serializing to JSON.
[`Form.errors.as_json()`](#django.forms.Form.errors.as_json) returns serialized JSON, while this returns the
error data before it's serialized.

The `escape_html` parameter behaves as described in
[`Form.errors.as_json()`](#django.forms.Form.errors.as_json).

#### `Form.add_error(field, error)`

This method allows adding errors to specific fields from within the
`Form.clean()` method, or from outside the form altogether; for instance
from a view.

The `field` argument is the name of the field to which the errors
should be added. If its value is `None` the error will be treated as
a non-field error as returned by [`Form.non_field_errors()`](#django.forms.Form.non_field_errors).

The `error` argument can be a string, or preferably an instance of
`ValidationError`. See [Membangkitkan ValidationError](/id/4.1/ref/forms/validation/#raising-validation-error) for best practices
when defining form errors.

Catat bahwa `Form.add_error()` otomatis memindahkan bidang terkait dari `cleaned_data`.

#### `Form.has_error(field, code=None)`

This method returns a boolean designating whether a field has an error with
a specific error `code`. If `code` is `None`, it will return `True`
if the field contains any errors at all.

To check for non-field errors use
[`NON_FIELD_ERRORS`](/id/4.1/ref/exceptions/#django.core.exceptions.NON_FIELD_ERRORS) as the `field` parameter.

#### `Form.non_field_errors()`

This method returns the list of errors from [`Form.errors`](#django.forms.Form.errors)  that aren't associated with a particular field.
This includes `ValidationError`s that are raised in [`Form.clean()`](#django.forms.Form.clean) and errors added using [`Form.add_error(None,
"...")`](#django.forms.Form.add_error).

### Perilaku dari formulir tidak terikat

Itu adalah tidak ada guna mensahkan sebuah formulir tanpa data, untuk rekaman, ini adalah apa yang akan terjadi dengan formulir tidak terikat:

```
>>> f = ContactForm()
>>> f.is_valid()
False
>>> f.errors
{}
```

## Initial form values

#### `Form.initial`

Use [`initial`](#django.forms.Form.initial) to declare the initial value of form fields at
runtime. For example, you might want to fill in a `username` field with the
username of the current session.

Untuk memenuhi ini, gunakan argumen [`initial`](#django.forms.Form.initial) pada [`Form`](#django.forms.Form). Argumen ini, jika diberikan, harus berupa bidang pemetaan dictionary hanya nilai inisial. Hanya sertakan bidang-bidang dimana anda menentukan nilai inisial; itu tidak perlu menyertakan setiap bidang dalam formulir anda. Sebagai contoh:

```
>>> f = ContactForm(initial={'subject': 'Hi there!'})
```

These values are only displayed for unbound forms, and they're not used as
fallback values if a particular value isn't provided.

If a [`Field`](/id/4.1/ref/forms/fields/#django.forms.Field) defines [`initial`](/id/4.1/ref/forms/fields/#django.forms.Field.initial) *and* you
include [`initial`](#django.forms.Form.initial) when instantiating the `Form`, then the latter
`initial` will have precedence. In this example, `initial` is provided both
at the field level and at the form instance level, and the latter gets
precedence:

```
>>> from django import forms
>>> class CommentForm(forms.Form):
...     name = forms.CharField(initial='class')
...     url = forms.URLField()
...     comment = forms.CharField()
>>> f = CommentForm(initial={'name': 'instance'}, auto_id=False)
>>> print(f)
<tr><th>Name:</th><td><input type="text" name="name" value="instance" required></td></tr>
<tr><th>Url:</th><td><input type="url" name="url" required></td></tr>
<tr><th>Comment:</th><td><input type="text" name="comment" required></td></tr>
```

#### `Form.get_initial_for_field(field, field_name)`

Returns the initial data for a form field. It retrieves the data from
[`Form.initial`](#django.forms.Form.initial) if present, otherwise trying [`Field.initial`](/id/4.1/ref/forms/fields/#django.forms.Field.initial).
Callable values are evaluated.

It is recommended to use [`BoundField.initial`](#django.forms.BoundField.initial) over
[`get_initial_for_field()`](#django.forms.Form.get_initial_for_field) because `BoundField.initial` has a
simpler interface. Also, unlike [`get_initial_for_field()`](#django.forms.Form.get_initial_for_field),
[`BoundField.initial`](#django.forms.BoundField.initial) caches its values. This is useful especially when
dealing with callables whose return values can change (e.g. `datetime.now` or
`uuid.uuid4`):

```
>>> import uuid
>>> class UUIDCommentForm(CommentForm):
...     identifier = forms.UUIDField(initial=uuid.uuid4)
>>> f = UUIDCommentForm()
>>> f.get_initial_for_field(f.fields['identifier'], 'identifier')
UUID('972ca9e4-7bfe-4f5b-af7d-07b3aa306334')
>>> f.get_initial_for_field(f.fields['identifier'], 'identifier')
UUID('1b411fab-844e-4dec-bd4f-e9b0495f04d0')
>>> # Using BoundField.initial, for comparison
>>> f['identifier'].initial
UUID('28a09c59-5f00-4ed9-9179-a3b074fa9c30')
>>> f['identifier'].initial
UUID('28a09c59-5f00-4ed9-9179-a3b074fa9c30')
```

## Memeriksa data formulir mana yang telah berubah

#### `Form.has_changed()`

Gunakan metode `has_changed()` pada `Form` anda ketika anda butuh memeriksa jika data formulir telah berubah dari data awal.

```
>>> data = {'subject': 'hello',
...         'message': 'Hi there',
...         'sender': 'foo@example.com',
...         'cc_myself': True}
>>> f = ContactForm(data, initial=data)
>>> f.has_changed()
False
```

When the form is submitted, we reconstruct it and provide the original data
so that the comparison can be done:

```
>>> f = ContactForm(request.POST, initial=data)
>>> f.has_changed()
```

`has_changed()` will be `True` if the data from `request.POST` differs
from what was provided in [`initial`](#django.forms.Form.initial) or `False` otherwise. The
result is computed by calling [`Field.has_changed()`](/id/4.1/ref/forms/fields/#django.forms.Field.has_changed) for each field in the
form.

#### `Form.changed_data`

The `changed_data` attribute returns a list of the names of the fields whose
values in the form's bound data (usually `request.POST`) differ from what was
provided in [`initial`](#django.forms.Form.initial). It returns an empty list if no data differs.

```
>>> f = ContactForm(request.POST, initial=data)
>>> if f.has_changed():
...     print("The following fields changed: %s" % ", ".join(f.changed_data))
>>> f.changed_data
['subject', 'message']
```

## Mengakses bidang-bidang dari formulir

#### `Form.fields`

Anda dapat mengakses bidang dari instance [`Form`](#django.forms.Form) dari atribut `fields` nya:

```
>>> for row in f.fields.values(): print(row)
...
<django.forms.fields.CharField object at 0x7ffaac632510>
<django.forms.fields.URLField object at 0x7ffaac632f90>
<django.forms.fields.CharField object at 0x7ffaac3aa050>
>>> f.fields['name']
<django.forms.fields.CharField object at 0x7ffaac6324d0>
```

You can alter the field and [`BoundField`](#django.forms.BoundField) of [`Form`](#django.forms.Form) instance to
change the way it is presented in the form:

```
>>> f.as_div().split("</div>")[0]
'<div><label for="id_subject">Subject:</label><input type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" required id="id_subject">'
>>> f["subject"].label = "Topic"
>>> f.as_div().split("</div>")[0]
'<div><label for="id_subject">Topic:</label><input type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" required id="id_subject">'
```

Beware not to alter the `base_fields` attribute because this modification
will influence all subsequent `ContactForm` instances within the same Python
process:

```
>>> f.base_fields["subject"].label_suffix = "?"
>>> another_f = CommentForm(auto_id=False)
>>> f.as_div().split("</div>")[0]
'<div><label for="id_subject">Subject?</label><input type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" required id="id_subject">'
```

## Mengakses data "clean"

#### `Form.cleaned_data`

Each field in a [`Form`](#django.forms.Form) class is responsible not only for validating
data, but also for "cleaning" it -- normalizing it to a consistent format. This
is a nice feature, because it allows data for a particular field to be input in
a variety of ways, always resulting in consistent output.

For example, [`DateField`](/id/4.1/ref/forms/fields/#django.forms.DateField) normalizes input into a
Python `datetime.date` object. Regardless of whether you pass it a string in
the format `'1994-07-15'`, a `datetime.date` object, or a number of other
formats, `DateField` will always normalize it to a `datetime.date` object
as long as it's valid.

Sekali anda telah membuat sebuah contoh [`Form`](#django.forms.Form) dengan himpunan dari data dan mensahkan itu, anda dapat mengakses data bersih melalui atribut `cleaned_data` nya:

```
>>> data = {'subject': 'hello',
...         'message': 'Hi there',
...         'sender': 'foo@example.com',
...         'cc_myself': True}
>>> f = ContactForm(data)
>>> f.is_valid()
True
>>> f.cleaned_data
{'cc_myself': True, 'message': 'Hi there', 'sender': 'foo@example.com', 'subject': 'hello'}
```

Note that any text-based field -- such as `CharField` or `EmailField` --
always cleans the input into a string. We'll cover the encoding implications
later in this document.

Jika data anda *tidak* disahkan, dictionary `cleaned_data` mengandung hanya bidang sah:

```
>>> data = {'subject': '',
...         'message': 'Hi there',
...         'sender': 'invalid email address',
...         'cc_myself': True}
>>> f = ContactForm(data)
>>> f.is_valid()
False
>>> f.cleaned_data
{'cc_myself': True, 'message': 'Hi there'}
```

`cleaned_data` will always *only* contain a key for fields defined in the
`Form`, even if you pass extra data when you define the `Form`. In this
example, we pass a bunch of extra fields to the `ContactForm` constructor,
but `cleaned_data` contains only the form's fields:

```
>>> data = {'subject': 'hello',
...         'message': 'Hi there',
...         'sender': 'foo@example.com',
...         'cc_myself': True,
...         'extra_field_1': 'foo',
...         'extra_field_2': 'bar',
...         'extra_field_3': 'baz'}
>>> f = ContactForm(data)
>>> f.is_valid()
True
>>> f.cleaned_data # Doesn't contain extra_field_1, etc.
{'cc_myself': True, 'message': 'Hi there', 'sender': 'foo@example.com', 'subject': 'hello'}
```

When the `Form` is valid, `cleaned_data` will include a key and value for
*all* its fields, even if the data didn't include a value for some optional
fields. In this example, the data dictionary doesn't include a value for the
`nick_name` field, but `cleaned_data` includes it, with an empty value:

```
>>> from django import forms
>>> class OptionalPersonForm(forms.Form):
...     first_name = forms.CharField()
...     last_name = forms.CharField()
...     nick_name = forms.CharField(required=False)
>>> data = {'first_name': 'John', 'last_name': 'Lennon'}
>>> f = OptionalPersonForm(data)
>>> f.is_valid()
True
>>> f.cleaned_data
{'nick_name': '', 'first_name': 'John', 'last_name': 'Lennon'}
```

Dalam contoh diatas ini, nilai `cleaned_data` untuk `nick_name` disetel menjadi string kosong, karena `nick_name` adalah `CharField`, dan `CharField` memperlakukan nilai kosong sebagai sebuah string kosong. Setiap jenis bidang mengenal nilai "blank" nya -- misalnya, untuk `DateField`, itu adalah `None` daripada string kosong. Untuk rincian penuh pada setiap perilaku bidang dalam kasus ini, lihat catatan "Empty value" untuk setiap bidang dalam bagian "Built-in `Field` classes" dibawah.

You can write code to perform validation for particular form fields (based on
their name) or for the form as a whole (considering combinations of various
fields). More information about this is in [Pengesahan formulir dan bidang](/id/4.1/ref/forms/validation/).

## Mengeluarkan formulir sebagai HTML

The second task of a `Form` object is to render itself as HTML. To do so,
`print` it:

```
>>> f = ContactForm()
>>> print(f)
<tr><th><label for="id_subject">Subject:</label></th><td><input id="id_subject" type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" required></td></tr>
<tr><th><label for="id_message">Message:</label></th><td><input type="text" name="message" id="id_message" required></td></tr>
<tr><th><label for="id_sender">Sender:</label></th><td><input type="email" name="sender" id="id_sender" required></td></tr>
<tr><th><label for="id_cc_myself">Cc myself:</label></th><td><input type="checkbox" name="cc_myself" id="id_cc_myself"></td></tr>
```

If the form is bound to data, the HTML output will include that data
appropriately. For example, if a field is represented by an
`<input type="text">`, the data will be in the `value` attribute. If a
field is represented by an `<input type="checkbox">`, then that HTML will
include `checked` if appropriate:

```
>>> data = {'subject': 'hello',
...         'message': 'Hi there',
...         'sender': 'foo@example.com',
...         'cc_myself': True}
>>> f = ContactForm(data)
>>> print(f)
<tr><th><label for="id_subject">Subject:</label></th><td><input id="id_subject" type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" value="hello" required></td></tr>
<tr><th><label for="id_message">Message:</label></th><td><input type="text" name="message" id="id_message" value="Hi there" required></td></tr>
<tr><th><label for="id_sender">Sender:</label></th><td><input type="email" name="sender" id="id_sender" value="foo@example.com" required></td></tr>
<tr><th><label for="id_cc_myself">Cc myself:</label></th><td><input type="checkbox" name="cc_myself" id="id_cc_myself" checked></td></tr>
```

Keluaran awalan adalah tabel HTML dua-kolom, dengan `<tr>` untuk setiap bidang Perhatikan berikut:

- Untuk keluwesan, keluaran *tidak* menyertakan etiket `<table>` dan `</table>`, tidak juga itu menyertakan etiket `<form>` dan `</form>` atau sebuah etiket `<input type="submit">`. Itu adalah pekerjaan anda melakukan itu.
- Each field type has a default HTML representation. `CharField` is
  represented by an `<input type="text">` and `EmailField` by an
  `<input type="email">`. `BooleanField(null=False)` is represented by an
  `<input type="checkbox">`. Note these are merely sensible defaults; you can
  specify which HTML to use for a given field by using widgets, which we'll
  explain shortly.
- `name` HTML untuk setiap etiket diambil langsung dari nama atributnya dalam kelas `ContactForm`.
- label teks untuk setiap bidang -- misalnya `'Subject:'`, `'Message:'` dan `'Cc myself:'` dibangkitkan dari nama bidang dengan merubah semua garis bawah menjadi ruang dan menghuruf besarkan huruf pertama. Lagi, catat ini adalah awalan masuk akal; anda dapat juga menentukan label secara manual.
- Each text label is surrounded in an HTML `<label>` tag, which points
  to the appropriate form field via its `id`. Its `id`, in turn, is
  generated by prepending `'id_'` to the field name. The `id`
  attributes and `<label>` tags are included in the output by default, to
  follow best practices, but you can change that behavior.
- Keluaran menggunakan sintaksis HTML5, menyasar `<!DOCTYPE html>`. Sebagai contoh, itu menggunakan atribut boolean seperti `checked` daripada gaya XHTML dari `checked='checked'`.

Although `<table>` output is the default output style when you `print` a
form, other output styles are available. Each style is available as a method on
a form object, and each rendering method returns a string.

### Default rendering

The default rendering when you `print` a form uses the following methods and
attributes.

#### `template_name`

> **New in Django 4.0**

#### `Form.template_name`

The name of the template rendered if the form is cast into a string, e.g. via
`print(form)` or in a template via `{{ form }}`.

By default, a property returning the value of the renderer's
[`form_template_name`](/id/4.1/ref/forms/renderers/#django.forms.renderers.BaseRenderer.form_template_name). You may set it
as a string template name in order to override that for a particular form
class.

> **Changed in Django 4.1**
>
> In older versions `template_name` defaulted to the string value
> `'django/forms/default.html'`.

#### `render()`

> **New in Django 4.0**

#### `Form.render(template_name=None, context=None, renderer=None)`

The render method is called by `__str__` as well as the
[`Form.as_table()`](#django.forms.Form.as_table), [`Form.as_p()`](#django.forms.Form.as_p), and [`Form.as_ul()`](#django.forms.Form.as_ul) methods.
All arguments are optional and default to:

- `template_name`: [`Form.template_name`](#django.forms.Form.template_name)
- `context`: Value returned by [`Form.get_context()`](#django.forms.Form.get_context)
- `renderer`: Value returned by [`Form.default_renderer`](#django.forms.Form.default_renderer)

By passing `template_name` you can customize the template used for just a
single call.

#### `get_context()`

> **New in Django 4.0**

#### `Form.get_context()`

Return the template context for rendering the form.

The available context is:

- `form`: The bound form.
- `fields`: All bound fields, except the hidden fields.
- `hidden_fields`: All hidden bound fields.
- `errors`: All non field related or hidden field related form errors.

#### `template_name_label`

> **New in Django 4.0**

#### `Form.template_name_label`

The template used to render a field's `<label>`, used when calling
[`BoundField.label_tag()`](#django.forms.BoundField.label_tag)/[`legend_tag()`](#django.forms.BoundField.legend_tag). Can be changed per
form by overriding this attribute or more generally by overriding the default
template, see also [Overriding built-in form templates](/id/4.1/ref/forms/renderers/#overriding-built-in-form-templates).

### Output styles

As well as rendering the form directly, such as in a template with
`{{ form }}`, the following helper functions serve as a proxy to
[`Form.render()`](#django.forms.Form.render) passing a particular `template_name` value.

These helpers are most useful in a template, where you need to override the
form renderer or form provided value but cannot pass the additional parameter
to [`render()`](#django.forms.Form.render). For example, you can render a form as an unordered
list using `{{ form.as_ul }}`.

Each helper pairs a form method with an attribute giving the appropriate
template name.

#### `as_div()`

#### `Form.template_name_div`

> **New in Django 4.1**

The template used by `as_div()`. Default: `'django/forms/div.html'`.

#### `Form.as_div()`

> **New in Django 4.1**

`as_div()` renders the form as a series of `<div>` elements, with each
`<div>` containing one field, such as:

```pycon
>>> f = ContactForm()
>>> f.as_div()
```

… gives HTML like:

```html
<div>
<label for="id_subject">Subject:</label>
<input type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" required id="id_subject">
</div>
<div>
<label for="id_message">Message:</label>
<input type="text" name="message" required id="id_message">
</div>
<div>
<label for="id_sender">Sender:</label>
<input type="email" name="sender" required id="id_sender">
</div>
<div>
<label for="id_cc_myself">Cc myself:</label>
<input type="checkbox" name="cc_myself" id="id_cc_myself">
</div>
```

> **Note**
>
> Of the framework provided templates and output styles, `as_div()` is
> recommended over the `as_p()`, `as_table()`, and `as_ul()` versions
> as the template implements `<fieldset>` and `<legend>` to group related
> inputs and is easier for screen reader users to navigate.

#### `as_p()`

#### `Form.template_name_p`

The template used by `as_p()`. Default: `'django/forms/p.html'`.

#### `Form.as_p()`

`as_p()` renders the form as a series of `<p>` tags, with each `<p>`
containing one field:

```
>>> f = ContactForm()
>>> f.as_p()
'<p><label for="id_subject">Subject:</label> <input id="id_subject" type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" required></p>\n<p><label for="id_message">Message:</label> <input type="text" name="message" id="id_message" required></p>\n<p><label for="id_sender">Sender:</label> <input type="text" name="sender" id="id_sender" required></p>\n<p><label for="id_cc_myself">Cc myself:</label> <input type="checkbox" name="cc_myself" id="id_cc_myself"></p>'
>>> print(f.as_p())
<p><label for="id_subject">Subject:</label> <input id="id_subject" type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" required></p>
<p><label for="id_message">Message:</label> <input type="text" name="message" id="id_message" required></p>
<p><label for="id_sender">Sender:</label> <input type="email" name="sender" id="id_sender" required></p>
<p><label for="id_cc_myself">Cc myself:</label> <input type="checkbox" name="cc_myself" id="id_cc_myself"></p>
```

#### `as_ul()`

#### `Form.template_name_ul`

The template used by `as_ul()`. Default: `'django/forms/ul.html'`.

#### `Form.as_ul()`

`as_ul()` renders the form as a series of `<li>` tags, with each `<li>`
containing one field. It does *not* include the `<ul>` or `</ul>`, so that
you can specify any HTML attributes on the `<ul>` for flexibility:

```
>>> f = ContactForm()
>>> f.as_ul()
'<li><label for="id_subject">Subject:</label> <input id="id_subject" type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" required></li>\n<li><label for="id_message">Message:</label> <input type="text" name="message" id="id_message" required></li>\n<li><label for="id_sender">Sender:</label> <input type="email" name="sender" id="id_sender" required></li>\n<li><label for="id_cc_myself">Cc myself:</label> <input type="checkbox" name="cc_myself" id="id_cc_myself"></li>'
>>> print(f.as_ul())
<li><label for="id_subject">Subject:</label> <input id="id_subject" type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" required></li>
<li><label for="id_message">Message:</label> <input type="text" name="message" id="id_message" required></li>
<li><label for="id_sender">Sender:</label> <input type="email" name="sender" id="id_sender" required></li>
<li><label for="id_cc_myself">Cc myself:</label> <input type="checkbox" name="cc_myself" id="id_cc_myself"></li>
```

#### `as_table()`

#### `Form.template_name_table`

The template used by `as_table()`. Default: `'django/forms/table.html'`.

#### `Form.as_table()`

`as_table()` renders the form as an HTML `<table>`:

```
>>> f = ContactForm()
>>> f.as_table()
'<tr><th><label for="id_subject">Subject:</label></th><td><input id="id_subject" type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" required></td></tr>\n<tr><th><label for="id_message">Message:</label></th><td><input type="text" name="message" id="id_message" required></td></tr>\n<tr><th><label for="id_sender">Sender:</label></th><td><input type="email" name="sender" id="id_sender" required></td></tr>\n<tr><th><label for="id_cc_myself">Cc myself:</label></th><td><input type="checkbox" name="cc_myself" id="id_cc_myself"></td></tr>'
>>> print(f)
<tr><th><label for="id_subject">Subject:</label></th><td><input id="id_subject" type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" required></td></tr>
<tr><th><label for="id_message">Message:</label></th><td><input type="text" name="message" id="id_message" required></td></tr>
<tr><th><label for="id_sender">Sender:</label></th><td><input type="email" name="sender" id="id_sender" required></td></tr>
<tr><th><label for="id_cc_myself">Cc myself:</label></th><td><input type="checkbox" name="cc_myself" id="id_cc_myself"></td></tr>
```

### Penggayaan dibutuhkan atau kekeliruan baris formulir

#### `Form.error_css_class`

#### `Form.required_css_class`

It's pretty common to style form rows and fields that are required or have
errors. For example, you might want to present required form rows in bold and
highlight errors in red.

The [`Form`](#django.forms.Form) class has a couple of hooks you can use to add `class`
attributes to required rows or to rows with errors: set the
[`Form.error_css_class`](#django.forms.Form.error_css_class) and/or [`Form.required_css_class`](#django.forms.Form.required_css_class)
attributes:

```
from django import forms

class ContactForm(forms.Form):
    error_css_class = 'error'
    required_css_class = 'required'

    # ... and the rest of your fields here
```

Once you've done that, rows will be given `"error"` and/or `"required"`
classes, as needed. The HTML will look something like:

```
>>> f = ContactForm(data)
>>> print(f.as_table())
<tr class="required"><th><label class="required" for="id_subject">Subject:</label>    ...
<tr class="required"><th><label class="required" for="id_message">Message:</label>    ...
<tr class="required error"><th><label class="required" for="id_sender">Sender:</label>      ...
<tr><th><label for="id_cc_myself">Cc myself:<label> ...
>>> f['subject'].label_tag()
<label class="required" for="id_subject">Subject:</label>
>>> f['subject'].legend_tag()
<legend class="required" for="id_subject">Subject:</legend>
>>> f['subject'].label_tag(attrs={'class': 'foo'})
<label for="id_subject" class="foo required">Subject:</label>
>>> f['subject'].legend_tag(attrs={'class': 'foo'})
<legend for="id_subject" class="foo required">Subject:</legend>
```

### Menkonfigurasi unsur-unsur formulir HTML atribut `id` dan etiket `<label>`

#### `Form.auto_id`

Secara awalan, formulir membangun metode-metode termasuk:

- Atribut id\`\`HTML pada unsur-unser formulir.
- The corresponding `<label>` tags around the labels. An HTML `<label>` tag
  designates which label text is associated with which form element. This small
  enhancement makes forms more usable and more accessible to assistive devices.
  It's always a good idea to use `<label>` tags.

The `id` attribute values are generated by prepending `id_` to the form
field names.  This behavior is configurable, though, if you want to change the
`id` convention or remove HTML `id` attributes and `<label>` tags
entirely.

Use the `auto_id` argument to the `Form` constructor to control the `id`
and label behavior. This argument must be `True`, `False` or a string.

If `auto_id` is `False`, then the form output will not include `<label>`
tags nor `id` attributes:

```
>>> f = ContactForm(auto_id=False)
>>> print(f.as_div())
<div>Subject:<input type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" required></div>
<div>Message:<textarea name="message" cols="40" rows="10" required></textarea></div>
<div>Sender:<input type="email" name="sender" required></div>
<div>Cc myself:<input type="checkbox" name="cc_myself"></div>
```

If `auto_id` is set to `True`, then the form output *will* include
`<label>` tags and will use the field name as its `id` for each form
field:

```
>>> f = ContactForm(auto_id=True)
>>> print(f.as_div())
<div><label for="subject">Subject:</label><input type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" required id="subject"></div>
<div><label for="message">Message:</label><textarea name="message" cols="40" rows="10" required id="message"></textarea></div>
<div><label for="sender">Sender:</label><input type="email" name="sender" required id="sender"></div>
<div><label for="cc_myself">Cc myself:</label><input type="checkbox" name="cc_myself" id="cc_myself"></div>
```

If `auto_id` is set to a string containing the format character `'%s'`,
then the form output will include `<label>` tags, and will generate `id`
attributes based on the format string. For example, for a format string
`'field_%s'`, a field named `subject` will get the `id` value
`'field_subject'`. Continuing our example:

```
>>> f = ContactForm(auto_id='id_for_%s')
>>> print(f.as_div())
<div><label for="id_for_subject">Subject:</label><input type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" required id="id_for_subject"></div>
<div><label for="id_for_message">Message:</label><textarea name="message" cols="40" rows="10" required id="id_for_message"></textarea></div>
<div><label for="id_for_sender">Sender:</label><input type="email" name="sender" required id="id_for_sender"></div>
<div><label for="id_for_cc_myself">Cc myself:</label><input type="checkbox" name="cc_myself" id="id_for_cc_myself"></div>
```

If `auto_id` is set to any other true value -- such as a string that doesn't
include `%s` -- then the library will act as if `auto_id` is `True`.

Secara awalan, `auto_id` disetel menjadi string `'id_%s'`.

#### `Form.label_suffix`

A translatable string (defaults to a colon (`:`) in English) that will be
appended after any label name when a form is rendered.

It's possible to customize that character, or omit it entirely, using the
`label_suffix` parameter:

```
>>> f = ContactForm(auto_id='id_for_%s', label_suffix='')
>>> print(f.as_div())
<div><label for="id_for_subject">Subject</label><input type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" required id="id_for_subject"></div>
<div><label for="id_for_message">Message</label><textarea name="message" cols="40" rows="10" required id="id_for_message"></textarea></div>
<div><label for="id_for_sender">Sender</label><input type="email" name="sender" required id="id_for_sender"></div>
<div><label for="id_for_cc_myself">Cc myself</label><input type="checkbox" name="cc_myself" id="id_for_cc_myself"></div>
>>> f = ContactForm(auto_id='id_for_%s', label_suffix=' ->')
>>> print(f.as_div())
<div><label for="id_for_subject">Subject:</label><input type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" required id="id_for_subject"></div>
<div><label for="id_for_message">Message -&gt;</label><textarea name="message" cols="40" rows="10" required id="id_for_message"></textarea></div>
<div><label for="id_for_sender">Sender -&gt;</label><input type="email" name="sender" required id="id_for_sender"></div>
<div><label for="id_for_cc_myself">Cc myself -&gt;</label><input type="checkbox" name="cc_myself" id="id_for_cc_myself"></div>
```

Note that the label suffix is added only if the last character of the
label isn't a punctuation character (in English, those are `.`, `!`, `?`
or `:`).

Fields can also define their own [`label_suffix`](/id/4.1/ref/forms/fields/#django.forms.Field.label_suffix).
This will take precedence over [`Form.label_suffix`](#django.forms.Form.label_suffix). The suffix can also be overridden at runtime
using the `label_suffix` parameter to
[`label_tag()`](#django.forms.BoundField.label_tag)/
[`legend_tag()`](#django.forms.BoundField.legend_tag).

#### `Form.use_required_attribute`

When set to `True` (the default), required form fields will have the
`required` HTML attribute.

[Formsets](/id/4.1/topics/forms/formsets/) instantiate forms with
`use_required_attribute=False` to avoid incorrect browser validation when
adding and deleting forms from a formset.

### Configuring the rendering of a form's widgets

#### `Form.default_renderer`

Specifies the [renderer](/id/4.1/ref/forms/renderers/) to use for the form. Defaults to
`None` which means to use the default renderer specified by the
[`FORM_RENDERER`](/id/4.1/ref/settings/#std-setting-FORM_RENDERER) setting.

You can set this as a class attribute when declaring your form or use the
`renderer` argument to `Form.__init__()`. For example:

```
from django import forms

class MyForm(forms.Form):
    default_renderer = MyRenderer()
```

atau:

```
form = MyForm(renderer=MyRenderer())
```

### Catatan pada pengurutan bidang

In the `as_p()`, `as_ul()` and `as_table()` shortcuts, the fields are
displayed in the order in which you define them in your form class. For
example, in the `ContactForm` example, the fields are defined in the order
`subject`, `message`, `sender`, `cc_myself`. To reorder the HTML
output, change the order in which those fields are listed in the class.

Ada beberapa cara lain untuk menyesuaikan urutan:

#### `Form.field_order`

By default `Form.field_order=None`, which retains the order in which you
define the fields in your form class. If `field_order` is a list of field
names, the fields are ordered as specified by the list and remaining fields are
appended according to the default order. Unknown field names in the list are
ignored. This makes it possible to disable a field in a subclass by setting it
to `None` without having to redefine ordering.

You can also use the `Form.field_order` argument to a [`Form`](#django.forms.Form) to
override the field order. If a [`Form`](#django.forms.Form) defines
[`field_order`](#django.forms.Form.field_order) *and* you include `field_order` when instantiating
the `Form`, then the latter `field_order` will have precedence.

#### `Form.order_fields(field_order)`

You may rearrange the fields any time using `order_fields()` with a list of
field names as in [`field_order`](#django.forms.Form.field_order).

### Bagaimana kesalahan-kesalahan ditampilkan

If you render a bound `Form` object, the act of rendering will automatically
run the form's validation if it hasn't already happened, and the HTML output
will include the validation errors as a `<ul class="errorlist">` near the
field. The particular positioning of the error messages depends on the output
method you're using:

```
>>> data = {'subject': '',
...         'message': 'Hi there',
...         'sender': 'invalid email address',
...         'cc_myself': True}
>>> f = ContactForm(data, auto_id=False)
>>> print(f.as_div())
<div>Subject:<ul class="errorlist"><li>This field is required.</li></ul><input type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" required></div>
<div>Message:<textarea name="message" cols="40" rows="10" required>Hi there</textarea></div>
<div>Sender:<ul class="errorlist"><li>Enter a valid email address.</li></ul><input type="email" name="sender" value="invalid email address" required></div>
<div>Cc myself:<input type="checkbox" name="cc_myself" checked></div>
>>> print(f.as_table())
<tr><th>Subject:</th><td><ul class="errorlist"><li>This field is required.</li></ul><input type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" required></td></tr>
<tr><th>Message:</th><td><textarea name="message" cols="40" rows="10" required></textarea></td></tr>
<tr><th>Sender:</th><td><ul class="errorlist"><li>Enter a valid email address.</li></ul><input type="email" name="sender" value="invalid email address" required></td></tr>
<tr><th>Cc myself:</th><td><input checked type="checkbox" name="cc_myself"></td></tr>
>>> print(f.as_ul())
<li><ul class="errorlist"><li>This field is required.</li></ul>Subject: <input type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" required></li>
<li>Message: <textarea name="message" cols="40" rows="10" required></textarea></li>
<li><ul class="errorlist"><li>Enter a valid email address.</li></ul>Sender: <input type="email" name="sender" value="invalid email address" required></li>
<li>Cc myself: <input checked type="checkbox" name="cc_myself"></li>
>>> print(f.as_p())
<p><ul class="errorlist"><li>This field is required.</li></ul></p>
<p>Subject: <input type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" required></p>
<p>Message: <textarea name="message" cols="40" rows="10" required></textarea></p>
<p><ul class="errorlist"><li>Enter a valid email address.</li></ul></p>
<p>Sender: <input type="email" name="sender" value="invalid email address" required></p>
<p>Cc myself: <input checked type="checkbox" name="cc_myself"></p>
```

### Menyesuaikan bentuk daftar kesalahan

#### `class ErrorList(initlist=None, error_class=None, renderer=None)`

By default, forms use `django.forms.utils.ErrorList` to format validation
errors. `ErrorList` is a list like object where `initlist` is the
list of errors. In addition this class has the following attributes and
methods.

#### `error_class`

The CSS classes to be used when rendering the error list. Any provided
classes are added to the default `errorlist` class.

#### `renderer`

> **New in Django 4.0**

Specifies the [renderer](/id/4.1/ref/forms/renderers/) to use for `ErrorList`.
Defaults to `None` which means to use the default renderer
specified by the [`FORM_RENDERER`](/id/4.1/ref/settings/#std-setting-FORM_RENDERER) setting.

#### `template_name`

> **New in Django 4.0**

The name of the template used when calling `__str__` or
[`render()`](#django.forms.ErrorList.render). By default this is
`'django/forms/errors/list/default.html'` which is a proxy for the
`'ul.html'` template.

#### `template_name_text`

> **New in Django 4.0**

The name of the template used when calling [`as_text()`](#django.forms.ErrorList.as_text). By default
this is `'django/forms/errors/list/text.html'`. This template renders
the errors as a list of bullet points.

#### `template_name_ul`

> **New in Django 4.0**

The name of the template used when calling [`as_ul()`](#django.forms.ErrorList.as_ul). By default
this is `'django/forms/errors/list/ul.html'`. This template renders
the errors in `<li>` tags with a wrapping `<ul>` with the CSS
classes as defined by [`error_class`](#django.forms.ErrorList.error_class).

#### `get_context()`

> **New in Django 4.0**

Return context for rendering of errors in a template.

The available context is:

- `errors` : A list of the errors.
- `error_class` : A string of CSS classes.

#### `render(template_name=None, context=None, renderer=None)`

> **New in Django 4.0**

The render method is called by `__str__` as well as by the
[`as_ul()`](#django.forms.ErrorList.as_ul) method.

All arguments are optional and will default to:

- `template_name`: Value returned by [`template_name`](#django.forms.ErrorList.template_name)
- `context`: Value returned by [`get_context()`](#django.forms.ErrorList.get_context)
- `renderer`: Value returned by [`renderer`](#django.forms.ErrorList.renderer)

#### `as_text()`

Renders the error list using the template defined by
[`template_name_text`](#django.forms.ErrorList.template_name_text).

#### `as_ul()`

Renders the error list using the template defined by
[`template_name_ul`](#django.forms.ErrorList.template_name_ul).

If you'd like to customize the rendering of errors this can be achieved by
overriding the [`template_name`](#django.forms.ErrorList.template_name) attribute or more generally by
overriding the default template, see also
[Overriding built-in form templates](/id/4.1/ref/forms/renderers/#overriding-built-in-form-templates).

> **Changed in Django 4.0**
>
> Rendering of [`ErrorList`](#django.forms.ErrorList) was moved to the template engine.

> **Deprecated since Django 4.0**
>
> Ditinggalkan sejak versi 4.0: The ability to return a `str` when calling the `__str__` method is
> deprecated. Use the template engine instead which returns a `SafeString`.

## More granular output

The `as_p()`, `as_ul()`, and `as_table()` methods are shortcuts --
they're not the only way a form object can be displayed.

#### `class BoundField`

Digunakan untuk menampilkan HTML atau mengakses atribut untuk bidang tunggal dari instance [`Form`](#django.forms.Form).

Metode `__str__()` dari obyek ini menampilkan HTML unutk bidang ini.

To retrieve a single `BoundField`, use dictionary lookup syntax on your form
using the field's name as the key:

```
>>> form = ContactForm()
>>> print(form['subject'])
<input id="id_subject" type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" required>
```

Untuk mengambil semua obyek `BoundField`, ulangi formulir:

```
>>> form = ContactForm()
>>> for boundfield in form: print(boundfield)
<input id="id_subject" type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" required>
<input type="text" name="message" id="id_message" required>
<input type="email" name="sender" id="id_sender" required>
<input type="checkbox" name="cc_myself" id="id_cc_myself">
```

The field-specific output honors the form object's `auto_id` setting:

```
>>> f = ContactForm(auto_id=False)
>>> print(f['message'])
<input type="text" name="message" required>
>>> f = ContactForm(auto_id='id_%s')
>>> print(f['message'])
<input type="text" name="message" id="id_message" required>
```

### Atribut dari `BoundField`

#### `BoundField.auto_id`

The HTML ID attribute for this `BoundField`. Returns an empty string
if [`Form.auto_id`](#django.forms.Form.auto_id) is `False`.

#### `BoundField.data`

This property returns the data for this [`BoundField`](#django.forms.BoundField)
extracted by the widget's [`value_from_datadict()`](/id/4.1/ref/forms/widgets/#django.forms.Widget.value_from_datadict)
method, or `None` if it wasn't given:

```
>>> unbound_form = ContactForm()
>>> print(unbound_form['subject'].data)
None
>>> bound_form = ContactForm(data={'subject': 'My Subject'})
>>> print(bound_form['subject'].data)
My Subject
```

#### `BoundField.errors`

A [list-like object](#ref-forms-error-list-format) that is displayed
as an HTML `<ul class="errorlist">` when printed:

```
>>> data = {'subject': 'hi', 'message': '', 'sender': '', 'cc_myself': ''}
>>> f = ContactForm(data, auto_id=False)
>>> print(f['message'])
<input type="text" name="message" required>
>>> f['message'].errors
['This field is required.']
>>> print(f['message'].errors)
<ul class="errorlist"><li>This field is required.</li></ul>
>>> f['subject'].errors
[]
>>> print(f['subject'].errors)

>>> str(f['subject'].errors)
''
```

#### `BoundField.field`

The form [`Field`](/id/4.1/ref/forms/fields/#django.forms.Field) instance from the form class that
this [`BoundField`](#django.forms.BoundField) wraps.

#### `BoundField.form`

The [`Form`](#django.forms.Form) instance this [`BoundField`](#django.forms.BoundField)
is bound to.

#### `BoundField.help_text`

[`help_text`](/id/4.1/ref/forms/fields/#django.forms.Field.help_text) dari bidang.

#### `BoundField.html_name`

The name that will be used in the widget's HTML `name` attribute. It takes
the form [`prefix`](#django.forms.Form.prefix) into account.

#### `BoundField.id_for_label`

Use this property to render the ID of this field. For example, if you are
manually constructing a `<label>` in your template (despite the fact that
[`label_tag()`](#django.forms.BoundField.label_tag)/[`legend_tag()`](#django.forms.BoundField.legend_tag) will do this
for you):

```html+django
<label for="{{ form.my_field.id_for_label }}">...</label>{{ my_field }}
```

By default, this will be the field's name prefixed by `id_`
("`id_my_field`" for the example above). You may modify the ID by setting
[`attrs`](/id/4.1/ref/forms/widgets/#django.forms.Widget.attrs) on the field's widget. For example,
declaring a field like this:

```
my_field = forms.CharField(widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'id': 'myFIELD'}))
```

dan menggunakan cetakan diatas, akan membangun sesuatu seperti:

```html
<label for="myFIELD">...</label><input id="myFIELD" type="text" name="my_field" required>
```

#### `BoundField.initial`

Use [`BoundField.initial`](#django.forms.BoundField.initial) to retrieve initial data for a form field.
It retrieves the data from [`Form.initial`](#django.forms.Form.initial) if present, otherwise
trying [`Field.initial`](/id/4.1/ref/forms/fields/#django.forms.Field.initial). Callable values are evaluated. See
[Initial form values](#ref-forms-initial-form-values) for more examples.

[`BoundField.initial`](#django.forms.BoundField.initial) caches its return value, which is useful
especially when dealing with callables whose return values can change (e.g.
`datetime.now` or `uuid.uuid4`):

```
>>> from datetime import datetime
>>> class DatedCommentForm(CommentForm):
...     created = forms.DateTimeField(initial=datetime.now)
>>> f = DatedCommentForm()
>>> f['created'].initial
datetime.datetime(2021, 7, 27, 9, 5, 54)
>>> f['created'].initial
datetime.datetime(2021, 7, 27, 9, 5, 54)
```

Using [`BoundField.initial`](#django.forms.BoundField.initial) is recommended over
[`get_initial_for_field()`](#django.forms.Form.get_initial_for_field).

#### `BoundField.is_hidden`

Mengembalikan `True` jika widget ini [`BoundField`](#django.forms.BoundField)' sembunyi.

#### `BoundField.label`

The [`label`](/id/4.1/ref/forms/fields/#django.forms.Field.label) of the field. This is used in
[`label_tag()`](#django.forms.BoundField.label_tag)/[`legend_tag()`](#django.forms.BoundField.legend_tag).

#### `BoundField.name`

Nama dari bidang ini di formulir:

```
>>> f = ContactForm()
>>> print(f['subject'].name)
subject
>>> print(f['message'].name)
message
```

#### `BoundField.use_fieldset`

> **New in Django 4.1**

Returns the value of this BoundField widget's `use_fieldset` attribute.

#### `BoundField.widget_type`

Returns the lowercased class name of the wrapped field's widget, with any
trailing `input` or `widget` removed. This may be used when building
forms where the layout is dependent upon the widget type. For example:

```
{% for field in form %}
    {% if field.widget_type == 'checkbox' %}
        # render one way
    {% else %}
        # render another way
    {% endif %}
{% endfor %}
```

### Cara dari `BoundField`

#### `BoundField.as_hidden(attrs=None, **kwargs)`

Mengembalikan deretan karakter HTML untuk mewakilkan ini sebagai sebuah `<input type="hidden">`.

`**kwargs` diloloskan ke [`as_widget()`](#django.forms.BoundField.as_widget).

Cara ini terutama digunakan secara internal. Anda harus menggunakan widget sebagai gantinya.

#### `BoundField.as_widget(widget=None, attrs=None, only_initial=False)`

Renders the field by rendering the passed widget, adding any HTML
attributes passed as `attrs`.  If no widget is specified, then the
field's default widget will be used.

`only_initial` is used by Django internals and should not be set
explicitly.

#### `BoundField.css_classes(extra_classes=None)`

When you use Django's rendering shortcuts, CSS classes are used to
indicate required form fields or fields that contain errors. If you're
manually rendering a form, you can access these CSS classes using the
`css_classes` method:

```
>>> f = ContactForm(data={'message': ''})
>>> f['message'].css_classes()
'required'
```

If you want to provide some additional classes in addition to the
error and required classes that may be required, you can provide
those classes as an argument:

```
>>> f = ContactForm(data={'message': ''})
>>> f['message'].css_classes('foo bar')
'foo bar required'
```

#### `BoundField.label_tag(contents=None, attrs=None, label_suffix=None, tag=None)`

Renders a label tag for the form field using the template specified by
[`Form.template_name_label`](#django.forms.Form.template_name_label).

The available context is:

- `field`: This instance of the [`BoundField`](#django.forms.BoundField).
- `contents`: By default a concatenated string of
  [`BoundField.label`](#django.forms.BoundField.label) and [`Form.label_suffix`](#django.forms.Form.label_suffix) (or
  [`Field.label_suffix`](/id/4.1/ref/forms/fields/#django.forms.Field.label_suffix), if set). This can be overridden by the
  `contents` and `label_suffix` arguments.
- `attrs`: A `dict` containing `for`,
  [`Form.required_css_class`](#django.forms.Form.required_css_class), and `id`. `id` is generated by the
  field's widget `attrs` or [`BoundField.auto_id`](#django.forms.BoundField.auto_id). Additional
  attributes can be provided by the `attrs` argument.
- `use_tag`: A boolean which is `True` if the label has an `id`.
  If `False` the default template omits the `tag`.
- `tag`: An optional string to customize the tag, defaults to `label`.

> **Tip**
>
> In your template `field` is the instance of the `BoundField`.
> Therefore `field.field` accesses [`BoundField.field`](#django.forms.BoundField.field) being
> the field you declare, e.g. `forms.CharField`.

Untuk secara terpisah membangun etiket label dari bidang formulir, anda dapat memanggil cara `label_tag()` nya:

```
>>> f = ContactForm(data={'message': ''})
>>> print(f['message'].label_tag())
<label for="id_message">Message:</label>
```

If you'd like to customize the rendering this can be achieved by overriding
the [`Form.template_name_label`](#django.forms.Form.template_name_label) attribute or more generally by
overriding the default template, see also
[Overriding built-in form templates](/id/4.1/ref/forms/renderers/#overriding-built-in-form-templates).

> **Changed in Django 4.0**
>
> The label is now rendered using the template engine.

> **Changed in Django 4.1**
>
> The `tag` argument was added.

#### `BoundField.legend_tag(contents=None, attrs=None, label_suffix=None)`

> **New in Django 4.1**

Calls [`label_tag()`](#django.forms.BoundField.label_tag) with `tag='legend'` to render the label with
`<legend>` tags. This is useful when rendering radio and multiple
checkbox widgets where `<legend>` may be more appropriate than a
`<label>`.

#### `BoundField.value()`

Use this method to render the raw value of this field as it would be rendered
by a `Widget`:

```
>>> initial = {'subject': 'welcome'}
>>> unbound_form = ContactForm(initial=initial)
>>> bound_form = ContactForm(data={'subject': 'hi'}, initial=initial)
>>> print(unbound_form['subject'].value())
welcome
>>> print(bound_form['subject'].value())
hi
```

## Menyesuaikan `BoundField`

If you need to access some additional information about a form field in a
template and using a subclass of [`Field`](/id/4.1/ref/forms/fields/#django.forms.Field) isn't
sufficient, consider also customizing [`BoundField`](#django.forms.BoundField).

Bidang formulir penyesuaian dapat menimpa `get_bound_field()`:

#### `Field.get_bound_field(form, field_name)`

Takes an instance of [`Form`](#django.forms.Form) and the name of the field.
The return value will be used when accessing the field in a template. Most
likely it will be an instance of a subclass of
[`BoundField`](#django.forms.BoundField).

If you have a `GPSCoordinatesField`, for example, and want to be able to
access additional information about the coordinates in a template, this could
be implemented as follows:

```
class GPSCoordinatesBoundField(BoundField):
    @property
    def country(self):
        """
        Return the country the coordinates lie in or None if it can't be
        determined.
        """
        value = self.value()
        if value:
            return get_country_from_coordinates(value)
        else:
            return None

class GPSCoordinatesField(Field):
    def get_bound_field(self, form, field_name):
        return GPSCoordinatesBoundField(form, self, field_name)
```

Sekarang anda dapat mengakses negara di cetakan dengan `{{ form.coordinates.country }}`.

## Mengikat berkas terunggah ke formulir

Dealing with forms that have `FileField` and `ImageField` fields
is a little more complicated than a normal form.

Firstly, in order to upload files, you'll need to make sure that your
`<form>` element correctly defines the `enctype` as
`"multipart/form-data"`:

```
<form enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post" action="/foo/">
```

Secondly, when you use the form, you need to bind the file data. File
data is handled separately to normal form data, so when your form
contains a `FileField` and `ImageField`, you will need to specify
a second argument when you bind your form. So if we extend our
ContactForm to include an `ImageField` called `mugshot`, we
need to bind the file data containing the mugshot image:

```
# Bound form with an image field
>>> from django.core.files.uploadedfile import SimpleUploadedFile
>>> data = {'subject': 'hello',
...         'message': 'Hi there',
...         'sender': 'foo@example.com',
...         'cc_myself': True}
>>> file_data = {'mugshot': SimpleUploadedFile('face.jpg', <file data>)}
>>> f = ContactFormWithMugshot(data, file_data)
```

In practice, you will usually specify `request.FILES` as the source
of file data (just like you use `request.POST` as the source of
form data):

```
# Bound form with an image field, data from the request
>>> f = ContactFormWithMugshot(request.POST, request.FILES)
```

Constructing an unbound form is the same as always -- omit both form data *and*
file data:

```
# Unbound form with an image field
>>> f = ContactFormWithMugshot()
```

### Percobaan untuk formulir multipart

#### `Form.is_multipart()`

If you're writing reusable views or templates, you may not know ahead of time
whether your form is a multipart form or not. The `is_multipart()` method
tells you whether the form requires multipart encoding for submission:

```
>>> f = ContactFormWithMugshot()
>>> f.is_multipart()
True
```

Ini adalah sebuah contoh bagaimana anda mungkin menggunakan ini di cetakan:

```
{% if form.is_multipart %}
    <form enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post" action="/foo/">
{% else %}
    <form method="post" action="/foo/">
{% endif %}
{{ form }}
</form>
```

## Mensubkelaskan formulir

Jika anda mempunyai kelas-kelas `Form` yang berbagi berkas, anda dapat menggunakan pensubkelasan untuk memindahkan perulangan.

When you subclass a custom `Form` class, the resulting subclass will
include all fields of the parent class(es), followed by the fields you define
in the subclass.

In this example, `ContactFormWithPriority` contains all the fields from
`ContactForm`, plus an additional field, `priority`. The `ContactForm`
fields are ordered first:

```
>>> class ContactFormWithPriority(ContactForm):
...     priority = forms.CharField()
>>> f = ContactFormWithPriority(auto_id=False)
>>> print(f.as_div())
<div>Subject:<input type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" required></div>
<div>Message:<textarea name="message" cols="40" rows="10" required></textarea></div>
<div>Sender:<input type="email" name="sender" required></div>
<div>Cc myself:<input type="checkbox" name="cc_myself"></div>
<div>Priority:<input type="text" name="priority" required></div>
```

It's possible to subclass multiple forms, treating forms as mixins. In this
example, `BeatleForm` subclasses both `PersonForm` and `InstrumentForm`
(in that order), and its field list includes the fields from the parent
classes:

```
>>> from django import forms
>>> class PersonForm(forms.Form):
...     first_name = forms.CharField()
...     last_name = forms.CharField()
>>> class InstrumentForm(forms.Form):
...     instrument = forms.CharField()
>>> class BeatleForm(InstrumentForm, PersonForm):
...     haircut_type = forms.CharField()
>>> b = BeatleForm(auto_id=False)
>>> print(b.as_div())
<div>First name:<input type="text" name="first_name" required></div>
<div>Last name:<input type="text" name="last_name" required></div>
<div>Instrument:<input type="text" name="instrument" required></div>
<div>Haircut type:<input type="text" name="haircut_type" required></div>
```

It's possible to declaratively remove a `Field` inherited from a parent class
by setting the name of the field to `None` on the subclass. For example:

```
>>> from django import forms

>>> class ParentForm(forms.Form):
...     name = forms.CharField()
...     age = forms.IntegerField()

>>> class ChildForm(ParentForm):
...     name = None

>>> list(ChildForm().fields)
['age']
```

## Awalan untuk formulir

#### `Form.prefix`

You can put several Django forms inside one `<form>` tag. To give each
`Form` its own namespace, use the `prefix` keyword argument:

```
>>> mother = PersonForm(prefix="mother")
>>> father = PersonForm(prefix="father")
>>> print(mother.as_div())
<div><label for="id_mother-first_name">First name:</label><input type="text" name="mother-first_name" required id="id_mother-first_name"></div>
<div><label for="id_mother-last_name">Last name:</label><input type="text" name="mother-last_name" required id="id_mother-last_name"></div>
>>> print(father.as_div())
<div><label for="id_father-first_name">First name:</label><input type="text" name="father-first_name" required id="id_father-first_name"></div>
<div><label for="id_father-last_name">Last name:</label><input type="text" name="father-last_name" required id="id_father-last_name"></div>
```

Awalan dapat juga ditentukan pada kelas formulir:

```
>>> class PersonForm(forms.Form):
...     ...
...     prefix = 'person'
```