{"title":"How to provide initial data for models","version":"4.1","locale":"id","docname":"howto/initial-data","url":"/id/4.1/howto/initial-data/","canonical":"https://djangodocs.dev/id/4.1/howto/initial-data/","summary":"It's sometimes useful to prepopulate your database with hard-coded data when you're first setting up an app. You can provide initial data with migrations or…","html":"

How to provide initial data for modelsLink to this heading#

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It's sometimes useful to prepopulate your database with hard-coded data when\nyou're first setting up an app. You can provide initial data with migrations or\nfixtures.

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Menyediakan data inisial dengan perpindahanLink to this heading#

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Jika anda ingin otomatis memuat data inisial untuk sebuah aplikasi, buat sebuah :ref:`data migration `. Perpindahan berjalan ketika mengatur basisdata, jadi data akan tersedia disana, Subyek pada :ref:`some limitations `.

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Menyediakan data dengan perlengkapanLink to this heading#

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Anda dapat juga menyediakan data menggunakan fixture, data ini tidak dimuat secara otomatis, kecuali jika anda menggunakan TransactionTestCase.fixtures.

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Perlengkapan tetap adalah sebuah kumpulan dari data yang Django ketahui bagaimana diimpor kedalam sebuah basisdata. Kebanyakan jalan mudah dari pembuatan perlengkapan tetap jika anda telah mendapatkan beberapa data adalah untuk menggunakan perintah manage.py dumpdata. Atau, anda dapat menulis perlengkapan tetap dengan tangan; perlengkapan tetap dapat ditulis sebagai dokumen JSON, XML atau YAML (dengan PyYAML terpasang). serialization documentation mempunyai lebih rincian tentang setiap dari ini serialization formats yang didukung.

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As an example, though, here's what a fixture for a Person model might look\nlike in JSON:

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[\n  {\n    "model": "myapp.person",\n    "pk": 1,\n    "fields": {\n      "first_name": "John",\n      "last_name": "Lennon"\n    }\n  },\n  {\n    "model": "myapp.person",\n    "pk": 2,\n    "fields": {\n      "first_name": "Paul",\n      "last_name": "McCartney"\n    }\n  }\n]\n
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Dan ini adalah yang perlengkapan tetap sama seperti YAML:

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YAML
- model: myapp.person\n  pk: 1\n  fields:\n    first_name: John\n    last_name: Lennon\n- model: myapp.person\n  pk: 2\n  fields:\n    first_name: Paul\n    last_name: McCartney\n
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Anda akan menyimpan data ini dalam sebuah direktori fixtures didalam aplikasi anda.

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You can load data by calling manage.py loaddata\n<fixturename>, where <fixturename> is the name of the fixture file\nyou've created. Each time you run loaddata, the data will be read\nfrom the fixture and reloaded into the database. Note this means that if you\nchange one of the rows created by a fixture and then run loaddata\nagain, you'll wipe out any changes you've made.

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Dimana Django menemukan berkas-berkas perlengkapan tetapLink to this heading#

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Secara awal, Django mencari dalam direktori fixtures didalam setiap aplokasi untuk perlengkapan tetap. Anda dapat mengatur pengaturan :setting:`FIXTURE_DIRS`ke sebuah daftar dari direktoti tambahan dimana Django seharusnya melihat.

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Ketika menjalankan manage.py loaddata, anda dapat juga menentukan sebuah jalur untuk berkas alat bantu, yang menimpa pencarian direktori-direktori biasanya.

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