Untuk menentukan hubungan many-to-many, gunakan ManyToManyField.
Dalam contoh ini, sebuah Article dapat diterbitkan dalam banyak obyek Publication, dan sebuah Publication mempunyai banyak obyek Article:
from django.db import models\n\nclass Publication(models.Model):\n title = models.CharField(max_length=30)\n\n class Meta:\n ordering = ['title']\n\n def __str__(self):\n return self.title\n\nclass Article(models.Model):\n headline = models.CharField(max_length=100)\n publications = models.ManyToManyField(Publication)\n\n class Meta:\n ordering = ['headline']\n\n def __str__(self):\n return self.headline\nApa yang mengikuti adalah contoh-contoh dari tindakan yang dapat dilakukan menggunakan fasilitas API Python.
\nBuat sedikit Publications:
>>> p1 = Publication(title='The Python Journal')\n>>> p1.save()\n>>> p2 = Publication(title='Science News')\n>>> p2.save()\n>>> p3 = Publication(title='Science Weekly')\n>>> p3.save()\nBuat sebuah Artikel:
>>> a1 = Article(headline='Django lets you build Web apps easily')\nAnda tidak dapat mengkaitkan itu dengan Publication sampai itu telah disimpan:
>>> a1.publications.add(p1)\nTraceback (most recent call last):\n...\nValueError: "<Article: Django lets you build Web apps easily>" needs to have a value for field "id" before this many-to-many relationship can be used.\nSimpan itu!
\n>>> a1.save()\nKaitkan Article dengan Publication:
>>> a1.publications.add(p1)\nBuat Article baru, dan setel itu untuk memunculkan dalam Publications:
>>> a2 = Article(headline='NASA uses Python')\n>>> a2.save()\n>>> a2.publications.add(p1, p2)\n>>> a2.publications.add(p3)\nMenambahkan waktu detik adalah OKE, itu tidak akan menggandakan hubungan:
\n>>> a2.publications.add(p3)\nMenambahkan sebuah obyek dari jenis salah memunculkan TypeError:
>>> a2.publications.add(a1)\nTraceback (most recent call last):\n...\nTypeError: 'Publication' instance expected\nBuat dan tambah sebuah Publication pada sebuah Article di satu langkah menggunakan create():
>>> new_publication = a2.publications.create(title='Highlights for Children')\nObyek Article telah mengakses ke obyek Publication terhubung mereka:
>>> a1.publications.all()\n<QuerySet [<Publication: The Python Journal>]>\n>>> a2.publications.all()\n<QuerySet [<Publication: Highlights for Children>, <Publication: Science News>, <Publication: Science Weekly>, <Publication: The Python Journal>]>\nObyek Publication telah mengakses ke obyek Article terhubung mereka:
>>> p2.article_set.all()\n<QuerySet [<Article: NASA uses Python>]>\n>>> p1.article_set.all()\n<QuerySet [<Article: Django lets you build Web apps easily>, <Article: NASA uses Python>]>\n>>> Publication.objects.get(id=4).article_set.all()\n<QuerySet [<Article: NASA uses Python>]>\nHubungan many-to-many dapat diminta menggunakan lookups across relationships:
\n>>> Article.objects.filter(publications__id=1)\n<QuerySet [<Article: Django lets you build Web apps easily>, <Article: NASA uses Python>]>\n>>> Article.objects.filter(publications__pk=1)\n<QuerySet [<Article: Django lets you build Web apps easily>, <Article: NASA uses Python>]>\n>>> Article.objects.filter(publications=1)\n<QuerySet [<Article: Django lets you build Web apps easily>, <Article: NASA uses Python>]>\n>>> Article.objects.filter(publications=p1)\n<QuerySet [<Article: Django lets you build Web apps easily>, <Article: NASA uses Python>]>\n\n>>> Article.objects.filter(publications__title__startswith="Science")\n<QuerySet [<Article: NASA uses Python>, <Article: NASA uses Python>]>\n\n>>> Article.objects.filter(publications__title__startswith="Science").distinct()\n<QuerySet [<Article: NASA uses Python>]>\nFungsi count() menghormati distinct() juga:
>>> Article.objects.filter(publications__title__startswith="Science").count()\n2\n\n>>> Article.objects.filter(publications__title__startswith="Science").distinct().count()\n1\n\n>>> Article.objects.filter(publications__in=[1,2]).distinct()\n<QuerySet [<Article: Django lets you build Web apps easily>, <Article: NASA uses Python>]>\n>>> Article.objects.filter(publications__in=[p1,p2]).distinct()\n<QuerySet [<Article: Django lets you build Web apps easily>, <Article: NASA uses Python>]>\nMembalikkan permintaan m2m didukung (yaitu, dimulai pada tabel yang tidak mempunyai sebuah ManyToManyField):
>>> Publication.objects.filter(id=1)\n<QuerySet [<Publication: The Python Journal>]>\n>>> Publication.objects.filter(pk=1)\n<QuerySet [<Publication: The Python Journal>]>\n\n>>> Publication.objects.filter(article__headline__startswith="NASA")\n<QuerySet [<Publication: Highlights for Children>, <Publication: Science News>, <Publication: Science Weekly>, <Publication: The Python Journal>]>\n\n>>> Publication.objects.filter(article__id=1)\n<QuerySet [<Publication: The Python Journal>]>\n>>> Publication.objects.filter(article__pk=1)\n<QuerySet [<Publication: The Python Journal>]>\n>>> Publication.objects.filter(article=1)\n<QuerySet [<Publication: The Python Journal>]>\n>>> Publication.objects.filter(article=a1)\n<QuerySet [<Publication: The Python Journal>]>\n\n>>> Publication.objects.filter(article__in=[1,2]).distinct()\n<QuerySet [<Publication: Highlights for Children>, <Publication: Science News>, <Publication: Science Weekly>, <Publication: The Python Journal>]>\n>>> Publication.objects.filter(article__in=[a1,a2]).distinct()\n<QuerySet [<Publication: Highlights for Children>, <Publication: Science News>, <Publication: Science Weekly>, <Publication: The Python Journal>]>\nTidak termasuk barang terkait bekerja ketika anda akan mengharapkan, terlalu (meskipun SQL terlibat adalah sedikit rumit):
\n>>> Article.objects.exclude(publications=p2)\n<QuerySet [<Article: Django lets you build Web apps easily>]>\nJika kami menghapus Publication, Articles nya tidak akan dapat mengaksesnya:
>>> p1.delete()\n>>> Publication.objects.all()\n<QuerySet [<Publication: Highlights for Children>, <Publication: Science News>, <Publication: Science Weekly>]>\n>>> a1 = Article.objects.get(pk=1)\n>>> a1.publications.all()\n<QuerySet []>\nJika kami menghapus sebuah Article, Publications nya tidak akan dapat mengakses itu:
>>> a2.delete()\n>>> Article.objects.all()\n<QuerySet [<Article: Django lets you build Web apps easily>]>\n>>> p2.article_set.all()\n<QuerySet []>\nMenambahkan melalui akhiran 'other' dari sebuah m2m:
\n>>> a4 = Article(headline='NASA finds intelligent life on Earth')\n>>> a4.save()\n>>> p2.article_set.add(a4)\n>>> p2.article_set.all()\n<QuerySet [<Article: NASA finds intelligent life on Earth>]>\n>>> a4.publications.all()\n<QuerySet [<Publication: Science News>]>\nMenambahkan melalui akhiran lain menggunakan kata kunci:
\n>>> new_article = p2.article_set.create(headline='Oxygen-free diet works wonders')\n>>> p2.article_set.all()\n<QuerySet [<Article: NASA finds intelligent life on Earth>, <Article: Oxygen-free diet works wonders>]>\n>>> a5 = p2.article_set.all()[1]\n>>> a5.publications.all()\n<QuerySet [<Publication: Science News>]>\nMemindahkan Publication dari sebuah Article:
>>> a4.publications.remove(p2)\n>>> p2.article_set.all()\n<QuerySet [<Article: Oxygen-free diet works wonders>]>\n>>> a4.publications.all()\n<QuerySet []>\nDan dari akhiran lain:
\n>>> p2.article_set.remove(a5)\n>>> p2.article_set.all()\n<QuerySet []>\n>>> a5.publications.all()\n<QuerySet []>\nKumpulan hbungan dapat disetel:
\n>>> a4.publications.all()\n<QuerySet [<Publication: Science News>]>\n>>> a4.publications.set([p3])\n>>> a4.publications.all()\n<QuerySet [<Publication: Science Weekly>]>\nKumpulan hubungan dapat dibersihkan:
\n>>> p2.article_set.clear()\n>>> p2.article_set.all()\n<QuerySet []>\nDan anda dapat membersihkan dari akhiran lain:
\n>>> p2.article_set.add(a4, a5)\n>>> p2.article_set.all()\n<QuerySet [<Article: NASA finds intelligent life on Earth>, <Article: Oxygen-free diet works wonders>]>\n>>> a4.publications.all()\n<QuerySet [<Publication: Science News>, <Publication: Science Weekly>]>\n>>> a4.publications.clear()\n>>> a4.publications.all()\n<QuerySet []>\n>>> p2.article_set.all()\n<QuerySet [<Article: Oxygen-free diet works wonders>]>\nMembuat kembali Article dan Publication kami telah hapus:
>>> p1 = Publication(title='The Python Journal')\n>>> p1.save()\n>>> a2 = Article(headline='NASA uses Python')\n>>> a2.save()\n>>> a2.publications.add(p1, p2, p3)\nMenghapus massal beberaoa Publications - acuan pada untuk menghapus penerbitan harus pergi:
>>> Publication.objects.filter(title__startswith='Science').delete()\n>>> Publication.objects.all()\n<QuerySet [<Publication: Highlights for Children>, <Publication: The Python Journal>]>\n>>> Article.objects.all()\n<QuerySet [<Article: Django lets you build Web apps easily>, <Article: NASA finds intelligent life on Earth>, <Article: NASA uses Python>, <Article: Oxygen-free diet works wonders>]>\n>>> a2.publications.all()\n<QuerySet [<Publication: The Python Journal>]>\nMenghapus massal beberapa artikel - acuan pada menghapus obyek harus pergi:
\n>>> q = Article.objects.filter(headline__startswith='Django')\n>>> print(q)\n<QuerySet [<Article: Django lets you build Web apps easily>]>\n>>> q.delete()\nSetelah delete(), cache QuerySet butuh dibersihkan, obyek acuan harus hilang:
>>> print(q)\n<QuerySet []>\n>>> p1.article_set.all()\n<QuerySet [<Article: NASA uses Python>]>\n