A Form instance is either bound to a set of data, or unbound.
If it's bound to a set of data, it's capable of validating that data\nand rendering the form as HTML with the data displayed in the HTML.
If it's unbound, it cannot do validation (because there's no data to\nvalidate!), but it can still render the blank form as HTML.
To create an unbound Form instance, instantiate the class:
>>> f = ContactForm()\nTo bind data to a form, pass the data as a dictionary as the first parameter to\nyour Form class constructor:
>>> data = {'subject': 'hello',\n... 'message': 'Hi there',\n... 'sender': 'foo@example.com',\n... 'cc_myself': True}\n>>> f = ContactForm(data)\nIn this dictionary, the keys are the field names, which correspond to the\nattributes in your Form class. The values are the data you're trying to\nvalidate. These will usually be strings, but there's no requirement that they be\nstrings; the type of data you pass depends on the Field, as we'll see\nin a moment.
If you need to distinguish between bound and unbound form instances at runtime,\ncheck the value of the form's is_bound attribute:
>>> f = ContactForm()\n>>> f.is_bound\nFalse\n>>> f = ContactForm({'subject': 'hello'})\n>>> f.is_bound\nTrue\nNote that passing an empty dictionary creates a bound form with empty data:
\n>>> f = ContactForm({})\n>>> f.is_bound\nTrue\nIf you have a bound Form instance and want to change the data somehow,\nor if you want to bind an unbound Form instance to some data, create\nanother Form instance. There is no way to change data in a\nForm instance. Once a Form instance has been created, you\nshould consider its data immutable, whether it has data or not.
Implement a clean() method on your Form when you must add custom\nvalidation for fields that are interdependent. See\nMembersihkan dan memeriksa bidang yang tergantung satu sama lain for example usage.
The primary task of a Form object is to validate data. With a bound\nForm instance, call the is_valid() method to run validation\nand return a boolean designating whether the data was valid:
>>> data = {'subject': 'hello',\n... 'message': 'Hi there',\n... 'sender': 'foo@example.com',\n... 'cc_myself': True}\n>>> f = ContactForm(data)\n>>> f.is_valid()\nTrue\nLet's try with some invalid data. In this case, subject is blank (an error,\nbecause all fields are required by default) and sender is not a valid\nemail address:
>>> data = {'subject': '',\n... 'message': 'Hi there',\n... 'sender': 'invalid email address',\n... 'cc_myself': True}\n>>> f = ContactForm(data)\n>>> f.is_valid()\nFalse\nMengakses atribut the errors untuk mendapatkan dictionary dari pesan kesalahan:
>>> f.errors\n{'sender': ['Enter a valid email address.'], 'subject': ['This field is required.']}\nIn this dictionary, the keys are the field names, and the values are lists of\nstrings representing the error messages. The error messages are stored\nin lists because a field can have multiple error messages.
\nYou can access errors without having to call\nis_valid() first. The form's data will be validated the first time\neither you call is_valid() or access errors.
The validation routines will only get called once, regardless of how many times\nyou access errors or call is_valid(). This means that\nif validation has side effects, those side effects will only be triggered once.
Returns a dict that maps fields to their original ValidationError\ninstances.
>>> f.errors.as_data()\n{'sender': [ValidationError(['Enter a valid email address.'])],\n'subject': [ValidationError(['This field is required.'])]}\nGunakan metode ini kapanpun anda butuh untuk mencirikan sebuah kesalahan berdasarkan code nya. Ini mengadakan hal-hal seperti menulis kembali pesan kesalahan atau menulis logika penyesuaian dalam sebuah tampilan ketika kesalahan diberikan hadir. Itu dapat juga digunakan untuk menserialkan kesalahan dalam bentuk penyesuaian (misalnya XML); sebagai contoh, as_json() bergantung pada as_data().
The need for the as_data() method is due to backwards compatibility.\nPreviously ValidationError instances were lost as soon as their\nrendered error messages were added to the Form.errors dictionary.\nIdeally Form.errors would have stored ValidationError instances\nand methods with an as_ prefix could render them, but it had to be done\nthe other way around in order not to break code that expects rendered error\nmessages in Form.errors.
Mengembalikan kesalahan terserialisasi sebagai JSON.
\n>>> f.errors.as_json()\n{"sender": [{"message": "Enter a valid email address.", "code": "invalid"}],\n"subject": [{"message": "This field is required.", "code": "required"}]}\nBy default, as_json() does not escape its output. If you are using it for\nsomething like AJAX requests to a form view where the client interprets the\nresponse and inserts errors into the page, you'll want to be sure to escape the\nresults on the client-side to avoid the possibility of a cross-site scripting\nattack. You can do this in JavaScript with element.textContent = errorText\nor with jQuery's $(el).text(errorText) (rather than its .html()\nfunction).
If for some reason you don't want to use client-side escaping, you can also\nset escape_html=True and error messages will be escaped so you can use them\ndirectly in HTML.
Returns the errors as a dictionary suitable for serializing to JSON.\nForm.errors.as_json() returns serialized JSON, while this returns the\nerror data before it's serialized.
The escape_html parameter behaves as described in\nForm.errors.as_json().
This method allows adding errors to specific fields from within the\nForm.clean() method, or from outside the form altogether; for instance\nfrom a view.
The field argument is the name of the field to which the errors\nshould be added. If its value is None the error will be treated as\na non-field error as returned by Form.non_field_errors().
The error argument can be a string, or preferably an instance of\nValidationError. See Membangkitkan ValidationError for best practices\nwhen defining form errors.
Catat bahwa Form.add_error() otomatis memindahkan bidang terkait dari cleaned_data.
This method returns a boolean designating whether a field has an error with\na specific error code. If code is None, it will return True\nif the field contains any errors at all.
To check for non-field errors use\nNON_FIELD_ERRORS as the field parameter.
This method returns the list of errors from Form.errors that aren't associated with a particular field.\nThis includes ValidationErrors that are raised in Form.clean() and errors added using Form.add_error(None,\n"...").
Itu adalah tidak ada guna mensahkan sebuah formulir tanpa data, untuk rekaman, ini adalah apa yang akan terjadi dengan formulir tidak terikat:
\n>>> f = ContactForm()\n>>> f.is_valid()\nFalse\n>>> f.errors\n{}\nUse initial to declare the initial value of form fields at\nruntime. For example, you might want to fill in a username field with the\nusername of the current session.
Untuk memenuhi ini, gunakan argumen initial pada Form. Argumen ini, jika diberikan, harus berupa bidang pemetaan dictionary hanya nilai inisial. Hanya sertakan bidang-bidang dimana anda menentukan nilai inisial; itu tidak perlu menyertakan setiap bidang dalam formulir anda. Sebagai contoh:
>>> f = ContactForm(initial={'subject': 'Hi there!'})\nThese values are only displayed for unbound forms, and they're not used as\nfallback values if a particular value isn't provided.
\nIf a Field defines initial and you\ninclude initial when instantiating the Form, then the latter\ninitial will have precedence. In this example, initial is provided both\nat the field level and at the form instance level, and the latter gets\nprecedence:
>>> from django import forms\n>>> class CommentForm(forms.Form):\n... name = forms.CharField(initial='class')\n... url = forms.URLField()\n... comment = forms.CharField()\n>>> f = CommentForm(initial={'name': 'instance'}, auto_id=False)\n>>> print(f)\n<tr><th>Name:</th><td><input type="text" name="name" value="instance" required></td></tr>\n<tr><th>Url:</th><td><input type="url" name="url" required></td></tr>\n<tr><th>Comment:</th><td><input type="text" name="comment" required></td></tr>\nUse get_initial_for_field() to retrieve initial data for a form\nfield. It retrieves data from Form.initial and Field.initial,\nin that order, and evaluates any callable initial values.
Gunakan metode has_changed() pada Form anda ketika anda butuh memeriksa jika data formulir telah berubah dari data awal.
>>> data = {'subject': 'hello',\n... 'message': 'Hi there',\n... 'sender': 'foo@example.com',\n... 'cc_myself': True}\n>>> f = ContactForm(data, initial=data)\n>>> f.has_changed()\nFalse\nWhen the form is submitted, we reconstruct it and provide the original data\nso that the comparison can be done:
\n>>> f = ContactForm(request.POST, initial=data)\n>>> f.has_changed()\nhas_changed() will be True if the data from request.POST differs\nfrom what was provided in initial or False otherwise. The\nresult is computed by calling Field.has_changed() for each field in the\nform.
The changed_data attribute returns a list of the names of the fields whose\nvalues in the form's bound data (usually request.POST) differ from what was\nprovided in initial. It returns an empty list if no data differs.
>>> f = ContactForm(request.POST, initial=data)\n>>> if f.has_changed():\n... print("The following fields changed: %s" % ", ".join(f.changed_data))\n>>> f.changed_data\n['subject', 'message']\nAnda dapat mengakses bidang dari instance Form dari atribut fields nya:
>>> for row in f.fields.values(): print(row)\n...\n<django.forms.fields.CharField object at 0x7ffaac632510>\n<django.forms.fields.URLField object at 0x7ffaac632f90>\n<django.forms.fields.CharField object at 0x7ffaac3aa050>\n>>> f.fields['name']\n<django.forms.fields.CharField object at 0x7ffaac6324d0>\nAnda dapat merubah instance Form untuk merubah cara itu dihadirkan dalam formulir:
>>> f.as_table().split('\\n')[0]\n'<tr><th>Name:</th><td><input name="name" type="text" value="instance" required></td></tr>'\n>>> f.fields['name'].label = "Username"\n>>> f.as_table().split('\\n')[0]\n'<tr><th>Username:</th><td><input name="name" type="text" value="instance" required></td></tr>'\nBeware not to alter the base_fields attribute because this modification\nwill influence all subsequent ContactForm instances within the same Python\nprocess:
>>> f.base_fields['name'].label = "Username"\n>>> another_f = CommentForm(auto_id=False)\n>>> another_f.as_table().split('\\n')[0]\n'<tr><th>Username:</th><td><input name="name" type="text" value="class" required></td></tr>'\nEach field in a Form class is responsible not only for validating\ndata, but also for "cleaning" it -- normalizing it to a consistent format. This\nis a nice feature, because it allows data for a particular field to be input in\na variety of ways, always resulting in consistent output.
For example, DateField normalizes input into a\nPython datetime.date object. Regardless of whether you pass it a string in\nthe format '1994-07-15', a datetime.date object, or a number of other\nformats, DateField will always normalize it to a datetime.date object\nas long as it's valid.
Sekali anda telah membuat sebuah contoh Form dengan himpunan dari data dan mensahkan itu, anda dapat mengakses data bersih melalui atribut cleaned_data nya:
>>> data = {'subject': 'hello',\n... 'message': 'Hi there',\n... 'sender': 'foo@example.com',\n... 'cc_myself': True}\n>>> f = ContactForm(data)\n>>> f.is_valid()\nTrue\n>>> f.cleaned_data\n{'cc_myself': True, 'message': 'Hi there', 'sender': 'foo@example.com', 'subject': 'hello'}\nNote that any text-based field -- such as CharField or EmailField --\nalways cleans the input into a string. We'll cover the encoding implications\nlater in this document.
Jika data anda tidak disahkan, dictionary cleaned_data mengandung hanya bidang sah:
>>> data = {'subject': '',\n... 'message': 'Hi there',\n... 'sender': 'invalid email address',\n... 'cc_myself': True}\n>>> f = ContactForm(data)\n>>> f.is_valid()\nFalse\n>>> f.cleaned_data\n{'cc_myself': True, 'message': 'Hi there'}\ncleaned_data will always only contain a key for fields defined in the\nForm, even if you pass extra data when you define the Form. In this\nexample, we pass a bunch of extra fields to the ContactForm constructor,\nbut cleaned_data contains only the form's fields:
>>> data = {'subject': 'hello',\n... 'message': 'Hi there',\n... 'sender': 'foo@example.com',\n... 'cc_myself': True,\n... 'extra_field_1': 'foo',\n... 'extra_field_2': 'bar',\n... 'extra_field_3': 'baz'}\n>>> f = ContactForm(data)\n>>> f.is_valid()\nTrue\n>>> f.cleaned_data # Doesn't contain extra_field_1, etc.\n{'cc_myself': True, 'message': 'Hi there', 'sender': 'foo@example.com', 'subject': 'hello'}\nWhen the Form is valid, cleaned_data will include a key and value for\nall its fields, even if the data didn't include a value for some optional\nfields. In this example, the data dictionary doesn't include a value for the\nnick_name field, but cleaned_data includes it, with an empty value:
>>> from django import forms\n>>> class OptionalPersonForm(forms.Form):\n... first_name = forms.CharField()\n... last_name = forms.CharField()\n... nick_name = forms.CharField(required=False)\n>>> data = {'first_name': 'John', 'last_name': 'Lennon'}\n>>> f = OptionalPersonForm(data)\n>>> f.is_valid()\nTrue\n>>> f.cleaned_data\n{'nick_name': '', 'first_name': 'John', 'last_name': 'Lennon'}\nDalam contoh diatas ini, nilai cleaned_data untuk nick_name disetel menjadi string kosong, karena nick_name adalah CharField, dan CharField memperlakukan nilai kosong sebagai sebuah string kosong. Setiap jenis bidang mengenal nilai "blank" nya -- misalnya, untuk DateField, itu adalah None daripada string kosong. Untuk rincian penuh pada setiap perilaku bidang dalam kasus ini, lihat catatan "Empty value" untuk setiap bidang dalam bagian "Built-in Field classes" dibawah.
You can write code to perform validation for particular form fields (based on\ntheir name) or for the form as a whole (considering combinations of various\nfields). More information about this is in Pengesahan formulir dan bidang.
\nThe second task of a Form object is to render itself as HTML. To do so,\nprint it:
>>> f = ContactForm()\n>>> print(f)\n<tr><th><label for="id_subject">Subject:</label></th><td><input id="id_subject" type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" required></td></tr>\n<tr><th><label for="id_message">Message:</label></th><td><input type="text" name="message" id="id_message" required></td></tr>\n<tr><th><label for="id_sender">Sender:</label></th><td><input type="email" name="sender" id="id_sender" required></td></tr>\n<tr><th><label for="id_cc_myself">Cc myself:</label></th><td><input type="checkbox" name="cc_myself" id="id_cc_myself"></td></tr>\nIf the form is bound to data, the HTML output will include that data\nappropriately. For example, if a field is represented by an\n<input type="text">, the data will be in the value attribute. If a\nfield is represented by an <input type="checkbox">, then that HTML will\ninclude checked if appropriate:
>>> data = {'subject': 'hello',\n... 'message': 'Hi there',\n... 'sender': 'foo@example.com',\n... 'cc_myself': True}\n>>> f = ContactForm(data)\n>>> print(f)\n<tr><th><label for="id_subject">Subject:</label></th><td><input id="id_subject" type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" value="hello" required></td></tr>\n<tr><th><label for="id_message">Message:</label></th><td><input type="text" name="message" id="id_message" value="Hi there" required></td></tr>\n<tr><th><label for="id_sender">Sender:</label></th><td><input type="email" name="sender" id="id_sender" value="foo@example.com" required></td></tr>\n<tr><th><label for="id_cc_myself">Cc myself:</label></th><td><input type="checkbox" name="cc_myself" id="id_cc_myself" checked></td></tr>\nKeluaran awalan adalah tabel HTML dua-kolom, dengan <tr> untuk setiap bidang Perhatikan berikut:
Untuk keluwesan, keluaran tidak menyertakan etiket <table> dan </table>, tidak juga itu menyertakan etiket <form> dan </form> atau sebuah etiket <input type="submit">. Itu adalah pekerjaan anda melakukan itu.
Each field type has a default HTML representation. CharField is\nrepresented by an <input type="text"> and EmailField by an\n<input type="email">. BooleanField(null=False) is represented by an\n<input type="checkbox">. Note these are merely sensible defaults; you can\nspecify which HTML to use for a given field by using widgets, which we'll\nexplain shortly.
name HTML untuk setiap etiket diambil langsung dari nama atributnya dalam kelas ContactForm.
label teks untuk setiap bidang -- misalnya 'Subject:', 'Message:' dan 'Cc myself:' dibangkitkan dari nama bidang dengan merubah semua garis bawah menjadi ruang dan menghuruf besarkan huruf pertama. Lagi, catat ini adalah awalan masuk akal; anda dapat juga menentukan label secara manual.
Each text label is surrounded in an HTML <label> tag, which points\nto the appropriate form field via its id. Its id, in turn, is\ngenerated by prepending 'id_' to the field name. The id\nattributes and <label> tags are included in the output by default, to\nfollow best practices, but you can change that behavior.
Keluaran menggunakan sintaksis HTML5, menyasar <!DOCTYPE html>. Sebagai contoh, itu menggunakan atribut boolean seperti checked daripada gaya XHTML dari checked='checked'.
Although <table> output is the default output style when you print a\nform, other output styles are available. Each style is available as a method on\na form object, and each rendering method returns a string.
as_p()Link to this heading#as_p() membangun formulir sebagai rangkaian dari etiket <p>, dimana setiap <p> mengandung satu bidang:
>>> f = ContactForm()\n>>> f.as_p()\n'<p><label for="id_subject">Subject:</label> <input id="id_subject" type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" required></p>\\n<p><label for="id_message">Message:</label> <input type="text" name="message" id="id_message" required></p>\\n<p><label for="id_sender">Sender:</label> <input type="text" name="sender" id="id_sender" required></p>\\n<p><label for="id_cc_myself">Cc myself:</label> <input type="checkbox" name="cc_myself" id="id_cc_myself"></p>'\n>>> print(f.as_p())\n<p><label for="id_subject">Subject:</label> <input id="id_subject" type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" required></p>\n<p><label for="id_message">Message:</label> <input type="text" name="message" id="id_message" required></p>\n<p><label for="id_sender">Sender:</label> <input type="email" name="sender" id="id_sender" required></p>\n<p><label for="id_cc_myself">Cc myself:</label> <input type="checkbox" name="cc_myself" id="id_cc_myself"></p>\nas_ul()Link to this heading#as_ul() membangun formulir sebagai rangkaian dari etiket <li>, dengan setiap <li> mengandung satu bidang. Itu tidak menyertakan <ul> atau </ul>, sehingga anda dapat menentukan atribut HTML apapun pada <ul> untuk keluwesan:
>>> f = ContactForm()\n>>> f.as_ul()\n'<li><label for="id_subject">Subject:</label> <input id="id_subject" type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" required></li>\\n<li><label for="id_message">Message:</label> <input type="text" name="message" id="id_message" required></li>\\n<li><label for="id_sender">Sender:</label> <input type="email" name="sender" id="id_sender" required></li>\\n<li><label for="id_cc_myself">Cc myself:</label> <input type="checkbox" name="cc_myself" id="id_cc_myself"></li>'\n>>> print(f.as_ul())\n<li><label for="id_subject">Subject:</label> <input id="id_subject" type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" required></li>\n<li><label for="id_message">Message:</label> <input type="text" name="message" id="id_message" required></li>\n<li><label for="id_sender">Sender:</label> <input type="email" name="sender" id="id_sender" required></li>\n<li><label for="id_cc_myself">Cc myself:</label> <input type="checkbox" name="cc_myself" id="id_cc_myself"></li>\nas_table()Link to this heading#Finally, as_table() outputs the form as an HTML <table>. This is\nexactly the same as print. In fact, when you print a form object,\nit calls its as_table() method behind the scenes:
>>> f = ContactForm()\n>>> f.as_table()\n'<tr><th><label for="id_subject">Subject:</label></th><td><input id="id_subject" type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" required></td></tr>\\n<tr><th><label for="id_message">Message:</label></th><td><input type="text" name="message" id="id_message" required></td></tr>\\n<tr><th><label for="id_sender">Sender:</label></th><td><input type="email" name="sender" id="id_sender" required></td></tr>\\n<tr><th><label for="id_cc_myself">Cc myself:</label></th><td><input type="checkbox" name="cc_myself" id="id_cc_myself"></td></tr>'\n>>> print(f)\n<tr><th><label for="id_subject">Subject:</label></th><td><input id="id_subject" type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" required></td></tr>\n<tr><th><label for="id_message">Message:</label></th><td><input type="text" name="message" id="id_message" required></td></tr>\n<tr><th><label for="id_sender">Sender:</label></th><td><input type="email" name="sender" id="id_sender" required></td></tr>\n<tr><th><label for="id_cc_myself">Cc myself:</label></th><td><input type="checkbox" name="cc_myself" id="id_cc_myself"></td></tr>\nIt's pretty common to style form rows and fields that are required or have\nerrors. For example, you might want to present required form rows in bold and\nhighlight errors in red.
\nThe Form class has a couple of hooks you can use to add class\nattributes to required rows or to rows with errors: set the\nForm.error_css_class and/or Form.required_css_class\nattributes:
from django import forms\n\nclass ContactForm(forms.Form):\n error_css_class = 'error'\n required_css_class = 'required'\n\n # ... and the rest of your fields here\nOnce you've done that, rows will be given "error" and/or "required"\nclasses, as needed. The HTML will look something like:
>>> f = ContactForm(data)\n>>> print(f.as_table())\n<tr class="required"><th><label class="required" for="id_subject">Subject:</label> ...\n<tr class="required"><th><label class="required" for="id_message">Message:</label> ...\n<tr class="required error"><th><label class="required" for="id_sender">Sender:</label> ...\n<tr><th><label for="id_cc_myself">Cc myself:<label> ...\n>>> f['subject'].label_tag()\n<label class="required" for="id_subject">Subject:</label>\n>>> f['subject'].label_tag(attrs={'class': 'foo'})\n<label for="id_subject" class="foo required">Subject:</label>\nSpecifies the renderer to use for the form. Defaults to\nNone which means to use the default renderer specified by the\nFORM_RENDERER setting.
You can set this as a class attribute when declaring your form or use the\nrenderer argument to Form.__init__(). For example:
from django import forms\n\nclass MyForm(forms.Form):\n default_renderer = MyRenderer()\natau:
\nform = MyForm(renderer=MyRenderer())\nIn the as_p(), as_ul() and as_table() shortcuts, the fields are\ndisplayed in the order in which you define them in your form class. For\nexample, in the ContactForm example, the fields are defined in the order\nsubject, message, sender, cc_myself. To reorder the HTML\noutput, change the order in which those fields are listed in the class.
Ada beberapa cara lain untuk menyesuaikan urutan:
\nBy default Form.field_order=None, which retains the order in which you\ndefine the fields in your form class. If field_order is a list of field\nnames, the fields are ordered as specified by the list and remaining fields are\nappended according to the default order. Unknown field names in the list are\nignored. This makes it possible to disable a field in a subclass by setting it\nto None without having to redefine ordering.
You can also use the Form.field_order argument to a Form to\noverride the field order. If a Form defines\nfield_order and you include field_order when instantiating\nthe Form, then the latter field_order will have precedence.
You may rearrange the fields any time using order_fields() with a list of\nfield names as in field_order.
If you render a bound Form object, the act of rendering will automatically\nrun the form's validation if it hasn't already happened, and the HTML output\nwill include the validation errors as a <ul class="errorlist"> near the\nfield. The particular positioning of the error messages depends on the output\nmethod you're using:
>>> data = {'subject': '',\n... 'message': 'Hi there',\n... 'sender': 'invalid email address',\n... 'cc_myself': True}\n>>> f = ContactForm(data, auto_id=False)\n>>> print(f.as_table())\n<tr><th>Subject:</th><td><ul class="errorlist"><li>This field is required.</li></ul><input type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" required></td></tr>\n<tr><th>Message:</th><td><input type="text" name="message" value="Hi there" required></td></tr>\n<tr><th>Sender:</th><td><ul class="errorlist"><li>Enter a valid email address.</li></ul><input type="email" name="sender" value="invalid email address" required></td></tr>\n<tr><th>Cc myself:</th><td><input checked type="checkbox" name="cc_myself"></td></tr>\n>>> print(f.as_ul())\n<li><ul class="errorlist"><li>This field is required.</li></ul>Subject: <input type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" required></li>\n<li>Message: <input type="text" name="message" value="Hi there" required></li>\n<li><ul class="errorlist"><li>Enter a valid email address.</li></ul>Sender: <input type="email" name="sender" value="invalid email address" required></li>\n<li>Cc myself: <input checked type="checkbox" name="cc_myself"></li>\n>>> print(f.as_p())\n<p><ul class="errorlist"><li>This field is required.</li></ul></p>\n<p>Subject: <input type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" required></p>\n<p>Message: <input type="text" name="message" value="Hi there" required></p>\n<p><ul class="errorlist"><li>Enter a valid email address.</li></ul></p>\n<p>Sender: <input type="email" name="sender" value="invalid email address" required></p>\n<p>Cc myself: <input checked type="checkbox" name="cc_myself"></p>\nBy default, forms use django.forms.utils.ErrorList to format validation\nerrors. If you'd like to use an alternate class for displaying errors, you can\npass that in at construction time:
>>> from django.forms.utils import ErrorList\n>>> class DivErrorList(ErrorList):\n... def __str__(self):\n... return self.as_divs()\n... def as_divs(self):\n... if not self: return ''\n... return '<div class="errorlist">%s</div>' % ''.join(['<div class="error">%s</div>' % e for e in self])\n>>> f = ContactForm(data, auto_id=False, error_class=DivErrorList)\n>>> f.as_p()\n<div class="errorlist"><div class="error">This field is required.</div></div>\n<p>Subject: <input type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" required></p>\n<p>Message: <input type="text" name="message" value="Hi there" required></p>\n<div class="errorlist"><div class="error">Enter a valid email address.</div></div>\n<p>Sender: <input type="email" name="sender" value="invalid email address" required></p>\n<p>Cc myself: <input checked type="checkbox" name="cc_myself"></p>\nThe as_p(), as_ul(), and as_table() methods are shortcuts --\nthey're not the only way a form object can be displayed.
Digunakan untuk menampilkan HTML atau mengakses atribut untuk bidang tunggal dari instance Form.
Metode __str__() dari obyek ini menampilkan HTML unutk bidang ini.
To retrieve a single BoundField, use dictionary lookup syntax on your form\nusing the field's name as the key:
>>> form = ContactForm()\n>>> print(form['subject'])\n<input id="id_subject" type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" required>\nUntuk mengambil semua obyek BoundField, ulangi formulir:
>>> form = ContactForm()\n>>> for boundfield in form: print(boundfield)\n<input id="id_subject" type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" required>\n<input type="text" name="message" id="id_message" required>\n<input type="email" name="sender" id="id_sender" required>\n<input type="checkbox" name="cc_myself" id="id_cc_myself">\nThe field-specific output honors the form object's auto_id setting:
>>> f = ContactForm(auto_id=False)\n>>> print(f['message'])\n<input type="text" name="message" required>\n>>> f = ContactForm(auto_id='id_%s')\n>>> print(f['message'])\n<input type="text" name="message" id="id_message" required>\nBoundFieldLink to this heading#The HTML ID attribute for this BoundField. Returns an empty string\nif Form.auto_id is False.
This property returns the data for this BoundField\nextracted by the widget's value_from_datadict()\nmethod, or None if it wasn't given:
>>> unbound_form = ContactForm()\n>>> print(unbound_form['subject'].data)\nNone\n>>> bound_form = ContactForm(data={'subject': 'My Subject'})\n>>> print(bound_form['subject'].data)\nMy Subject\nA list-like object that is displayed\nas an HTML <ul class="errorlist"> when printed:
>>> data = {'subject': 'hi', 'message': '', 'sender': '', 'cc_myself': ''}\n>>> f = ContactForm(data, auto_id=False)\n>>> print(f['message'])\n<input type="text" name="message" required>\n>>> f['message'].errors\n['This field is required.']\n>>> print(f['message'].errors)\n<ul class="errorlist"><li>This field is required.</li></ul>\n>>> f['subject'].errors\n[]\n>>> print(f['subject'].errors)\n\n>>> str(f['subject'].errors)\n''\nThe form Field instance from the form class that\nthis BoundField wraps.
The Form instance this BoundField\nis bound to.
help_text dari bidang.
The name that will be used in the widget's HTML name attribute. It takes\nthe form prefix into account.
Use this property to render the ID of this field. For example, if you are\nmanually constructing a <label> in your template (despite the fact that\nlabel_tag() will do this for you):
<label for="{{ form.my_field.id_for_label }}">...</label>{{ my_field }}\nBy default, this will be the field's name prefixed by id_\n("id_my_field" for the example above). You may modify the ID by setting\nattrs on the field's widget. For example,\ndeclaring a field like this:
my_field = forms.CharField(widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'id': 'myFIELD'}))\ndan menggunakan cetakan diatas, akan membangun sesuatu seperti:
\n<label for="myFIELD">...</label><input id="myFIELD" type="text" name="my_field" required>\nMengembalikan True jika widget ini BoundField' sembunyi.
label dari bidang. Ini digunakan dalam label_tag().
Nama dari bidang ini di formulir:
\n>>> f = ContactForm()\n>>> print(f['subject'].name)\nsubject\n>>> print(f['message'].name)\nmessage\nBoundFieldLink to this heading#Mengembalikan deretan karakter HTML untuk mewakilkan ini sebagai sebuah <input type="hidden">.
**kwargs diloloskan ke as_widget().
Cara ini terutama digunakan secara internal. Anda harus menggunakan widget sebagai gantinya.
\nRenders the field by rendering the passed widget, adding any HTML\nattributes passed as attrs. If no widget is specified, then the\nfield's default widget will be used.
only_initial is used by Django internals and should not be set\nexplicitly.
When you use Django's rendering shortcuts, CSS classes are used to\nindicate required form fields or fields that contain errors. If you're\nmanually rendering a form, you can access these CSS classes using the\ncss_classes method:
>>> f = ContactForm(data={'message': ''})\n>>> f['message'].css_classes()\n'required'\nIf you want to provide some additional classes in addition to the\nerror and required classes that may be required, you can provide\nthose classes as an argument:
\n>>> f = ContactForm(data={'message': ''})\n>>> f['message'].css_classes('foo bar')\n'foo bar required'\nUntuk secara terpisah membangun etiket label dari bidang formulir, anda dapat memanggil cara label_tag() nya:
>>> f = ContactForm(data={'message': ''})\n>>> print(f['message'].label_tag())\n<label for="id_message">Message:</label>\nYou can provide the contents parameter which will replace the\nauto-generated label tag. An attrs dictionary may contain additional\nattributes for the <label> tag.
The HTML that's generated includes the form's\nlabel_suffix (a colon, by default) or, if set, the\ncurrent field's label_suffix. The optional\nlabel_suffix parameter allows you to override any previously set\nsuffix. For example, you can use an empty string to hide the label on selected\nfields. If you need to do this in a template, you could write a custom\nfilter to allow passing parameters to label_tag.
Use this method to render the raw value of this field as it would be rendered\nby a Widget:
>>> initial = {'subject': 'welcome'}\n>>> unbound_form = ContactForm(initial=initial)\n>>> bound_form = ContactForm(data={'subject': 'hi'}, initial=initial)\n>>> print(unbound_form['subject'].value())\nwelcome\n>>> print(bound_form['subject'].value())\nhi\nBoundFieldLink to this heading#If you need to access some additional information about a form field in a\ntemplate and using a subclass of Field isn't\nsufficient, consider also customizing BoundField.
Bidang formulir penyesuaian dapat menimpa get_bound_field():
Takes an instance of Form and the name of the field.\nThe return value will be used when accessing the field in a template. Most\nlikely it will be an instance of a subclass of\nBoundField.
If you have a GPSCoordinatesField, for example, and want to be able to\naccess additional information about the coordinates in a template, this could\nbe implemented as follows:
class GPSCoordinatesBoundField(BoundField):\n @property\n def country(self):\n """\n Return the country the coordinates lie in or None if it can't be\n determined.\n """\n value = self.value()\n if value:\n return get_country_from_coordinates(value)\n else:\n return None\n\nclass GPSCoordinatesField(Field):\n def get_bound_field(self, form, field_name):\n return GPSCoordinatesBoundField(form, self, field_name)\nSekarang anda dapat mengakses negara di cetakan dengan {{ form.coordinates.country }}.
Dealing with forms that have FileField and ImageField fields\nis a little more complicated than a normal form.
Firstly, in order to upload files, you'll need to make sure that your\n<form> element correctly defines the enctype as\n"multipart/form-data":
<form enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post" action="/foo/">\nSecondly, when you use the form, you need to bind the file data. File\ndata is handled separately to normal form data, so when your form\ncontains a FileField and ImageField, you will need to specify\na second argument when you bind your form. So if we extend our\nContactForm to include an ImageField called mugshot, we\nneed to bind the file data containing the mugshot image:
# Bound form with an image field\n>>> from django.core.files.uploadedfile import SimpleUploadedFile\n>>> data = {'subject': 'hello',\n... 'message': 'Hi there',\n... 'sender': 'foo@example.com',\n... 'cc_myself': True}\n>>> file_data = {'mugshot': SimpleUploadedFile('face.jpg', <file data>)}\n>>> f = ContactFormWithMugshot(data, file_data)\nIn practice, you will usually specify request.FILES as the source\nof file data (just like you use request.POST as the source of\nform data):
# Bound form with an image field, data from the request\n>>> f = ContactFormWithMugshot(request.POST, request.FILES)\nConstructing an unbound form is the same as always -- omit both form data and\nfile data:
\n# Unbound form with an image field\n>>> f = ContactFormWithMugshot()\nIf you're writing reusable views or templates, you may not know ahead of time\nwhether your form is a multipart form or not. The is_multipart() method\ntells you whether the form requires multipart encoding for submission:
>>> f = ContactFormWithMugshot()\n>>> f.is_multipart()\nTrue\nIni adalah sebuah contoh bagaimana anda mungkin menggunakan ini di cetakan:
\n{% if form.is_multipart %}\n <form enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post" action="/foo/">\n{% else %}\n <form method="post" action="/foo/">\n{% endif %}\n{{ form }}\n</form>\nJika anda mempunyai kelas-kelas Form yang berbagi berkas, anda dapat menggunakan pensubkelasan untuk memindahkan perulangan.
When you subclass a custom Form class, the resulting subclass will\ninclude all fields of the parent class(es), followed by the fields you define\nin the subclass.
In this example, ContactFormWithPriority contains all the fields from\nContactForm, plus an additional field, priority. The ContactForm\nfields are ordered first:
>>> class ContactFormWithPriority(ContactForm):\n... priority = forms.CharField()\n>>> f = ContactFormWithPriority(auto_id=False)\n>>> print(f.as_ul())\n<li>Subject: <input type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" required></li>\n<li>Message: <input type="text" name="message" required></li>\n<li>Sender: <input type="email" name="sender" required></li>\n<li>Cc myself: <input type="checkbox" name="cc_myself"></li>\n<li>Priority: <input type="text" name="priority" required></li>\nIt's possible to subclass multiple forms, treating forms as mixins. In this\nexample, BeatleForm subclasses both PersonForm and InstrumentForm\n(in that order), and its field list includes the fields from the parent\nclasses:
>>> from django import forms\n>>> class PersonForm(forms.Form):\n... first_name = forms.CharField()\n... last_name = forms.CharField()\n>>> class InstrumentForm(forms.Form):\n... instrument = forms.CharField()\n>>> class BeatleForm(InstrumentForm, PersonForm):\n... haircut_type = forms.CharField()\n>>> b = BeatleForm(auto_id=False)\n>>> print(b.as_ul())\n<li>First name: <input type="text" name="first_name" required></li>\n<li>Last name: <input type="text" name="last_name" required></li>\n<li>Instrument: <input type="text" name="instrument" required></li>\n<li>Haircut type: <input type="text" name="haircut_type" required></li>\nIt's possible to declaratively remove a Field inherited from a parent class\nby setting the name of the field to None on the subclass. For example:
>>> from django import forms\n\n>>> class ParentForm(forms.Form):\n... name = forms.CharField()\n... age = forms.IntegerField()\n\n>>> class ChildForm(ParentForm):\n... name = None\n\n>>> list(ChildForm().fields)\n['age']\nYou can put several Django forms inside one <form> tag. To give each\nForm its own namespace, use the prefix keyword argument:
>>> mother = PersonForm(prefix="mother")\n>>> father = PersonForm(prefix="father")\n>>> print(mother.as_ul())\n<li><label for="id_mother-first_name">First name:</label> <input type="text" name="mother-first_name" id="id_mother-first_name" required></li>\n<li><label for="id_mother-last_name">Last name:</label> <input type="text" name="mother-last_name" id="id_mother-last_name" required></li>\n>>> print(father.as_ul())\n<li><label for="id_father-first_name">First name:</label> <input type="text" name="father-first_name" id="id_father-first_name" required></li>\n<li><label for="id_father-last_name">Last name:</label> <input type="text" name="father-last_name" id="id_father-last_name" required></li>\nAwalan dapat juga ditentukan pada kelas formulir:
\n>>> class PersonForm(forms.Form):\n... ...\n... prefix = 'person'\n