{"title":"Bidang formulir","version":"2.2","locale":"id","docname":"ref/forms/fields","url":"/id/2.2/ref/forms/fields/","canonical":"https://djangodocs.dev/id/2.2/ref/forms/fields/","summary":"class Field ( ** kwargs ) Link to this definition # When you create a Form class, the most important part is defining the fields of the form. Each field has custom…","html":"

Bidang formulirLink to this heading#

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\nclass Field(**kwargs)Link to this definition#
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\n\n

When you create a Form class, the most important part is defining the\nfields of the form. Each field has custom validation logic, along with a few\nother hooks.

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\nField.clean(value)Link to this definition#
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\n\n

Although the primary way you'll use Field classes is in Form classes,\nyou can also instantiate them and use them directly to get a better idea of\nhow they work. Each Field instance has a clean() method, which takes\na single argument and either raises a django.forms.ValidationError\nexception or returns the clean value:

\n
Code
>>> from django import forms\n>>> f = forms.EmailField()\n>>> f.clean('foo@example.com')\n'foo@example.com'\n>>> f.clean('invalid email address')\nTraceback (most recent call last):\n...\nValidationError: ['Enter a valid email address.']\n
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Argumen bidang intiLink to this heading#

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Each Field class constructor takes at least these arguments. Some\nField classes take additional, field-specific arguments, but the following\nshould always be accepted:

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requiredLink to this heading#

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\nField.requiredLink to this definition#
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\n\n

By default, each Field class assumes the value is required, so if you pass\nan empty value -- either None or the empty string ("") -- then\nclean() will raise a ValidationError exception:

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Code
>>> from django import forms\n>>> f = forms.CharField()\n>>> f.clean('foo')\n'foo'\n>>> f.clean('')\nTraceback (most recent call last):\n...\nValidationError: ['This field is required.']\n>>> f.clean(None)\nTraceback (most recent call last):\n...\nValidationError: ['This field is required.']\n>>> f.clean(' ')\n' '\n>>> f.clean(0)\n'0'\n>>> f.clean(True)\n'True'\n>>> f.clean(False)\n'False'\n
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Untuk menentukan bahwa bidang adalah tidak diwajibkan, lewatkan required=False ke pembangun Field:

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Code
>>> f = forms.CharField(required=False)\n>>> f.clean('foo')\n'foo'\n>>> f.clean('')\n''\n>>> f.clean(None)\n''\n>>> f.clean(0)\n'0'\n>>> f.clean(True)\n'True'\n>>> f.clean(False)\n'False'\n
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If a Field has required=False and you pass clean() an empty value,\nthen clean() will return a normalized empty value rather than raising\nValidationError. For CharField, this will be an empty string. For other\nField classes, it might be None. (This varies from field to field.)

\n

Widgets of required form fields have the required HTML attribute. Set the\nForm.use_required_attribute attribute to False to disable it. The\nrequired attribute isn't included on forms of formsets because the browser\nvalidation may not be correct when adding and deleting formsets.

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labelLink to this heading#

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\nField.labelLink to this definition#
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\n\n

Argumen label membuat anda menentukan label "human-friendly" untuk bidang ini. Ini digunakan ketika Field ditampilkan dalam sebuah Form.

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As explained in "Outputting forms as HTML" above, the default label for a\nField is generated from the field name by converting all underscores to\nspaces and upper-casing the first letter. Specify label if that default\nbehavior doesn't result in an adequate label.

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Ini adalah contoh lengkap Form yang menerapkan label untuk dua dari bidangnya. Kami telah menentukan auto_id=False untuk menyederhanakan keluaran:

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Code
>>> from django import forms\n>>> class CommentForm(forms.Form):\n...     name = forms.CharField(label='Your name')\n...     url = forms.URLField(label='Your website', required=False)\n...     comment = forms.CharField()\n>>> f = CommentForm(auto_id=False)\n>>> print(f)\n<tr><th>Your name:</th><td><input type="text" name="name" required></td></tr>\n<tr><th>Your website:</th><td><input type="url" name="url"></td></tr>\n<tr><th>Comment:</th><td><input type="text" name="comment" required></td></tr>\n
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label_suffixLink to this heading#

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\nField.label_suffixLink to this definition#
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\n\n

Argumen label_suffix membuat anda menimpa label_suffix formulir pada dasar per-bidang:

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Code
>>> class ContactForm(forms.Form):\n...     age = forms.IntegerField()\n...     nationality = forms.CharField()\n...     captcha_answer = forms.IntegerField(label='2 + 2', label_suffix=' =')\n>>> f = ContactForm(label_suffix='?')\n>>> print(f.as_p())\n<p><label for="id_age">Age?</label> <input id="id_age" name="age" type="number" required></p>\n<p><label for="id_nationality">Nationality?</label> <input id="id_nationality" name="nationality" type="text" required></p>\n<p><label for="id_captcha_answer">2 + 2 =</label> <input id="id_captcha_answer" name="captcha_answer" type="number" required></p>\n
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initialLink to this heading#

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\nField.initialLink to this definition#
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\n\n

The initial argument lets you specify the initial value to use when\nrendering this Field in an unbound Form.

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Untuk menentukan data awal dinamis, lihat parameter Form.initial.

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The use-case for this is when you want to display an "empty" form in which a\nfield is initialized to a particular value. For example:

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Code
>>> from django import forms\n>>> class CommentForm(forms.Form):\n...     name = forms.CharField(initial='Your name')\n...     url = forms.URLField(initial='http://')\n...     comment = forms.CharField()\n>>> f = CommentForm(auto_id=False)\n>>> print(f)\n<tr><th>Name:</th><td><input type="text" name="name" value="Your name" required></td></tr>\n<tr><th>Url:</th><td><input type="url" name="url" value="http://" required></td></tr>\n<tr><th>Comment:</th><td><input type="text" name="comment" required></td></tr>\n
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You may be thinking, why not just pass a dictionary of the initial values as\ndata when displaying the form? Well, if you do that, you'll trigger validation,\nand the HTML output will include any validation errors:

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Code
>>> class CommentForm(forms.Form):\n...     name = forms.CharField()\n...     url = forms.URLField()\n...     comment = forms.CharField()\n>>> default_data = {'name': 'Your name', 'url': 'http://'}\n>>> f = CommentForm(default_data, auto_id=False)\n>>> print(f)\n<tr><th>Name:</th><td><input type="text" name="name" value="Your name" required></td></tr>\n<tr><th>Url:</th><td><ul class="errorlist"><li>Enter a valid URL.</li></ul><input type="url" name="url" value="http://" required></td></tr>\n<tr><th>Comment:</th><td><ul class="errorlist"><li>This field is required.</li></ul><input type="text" name="comment" required></td></tr>\n
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This is why initial values are only displayed for unbound forms. For bound\nforms, the HTML output will use the bound data.

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Also note that initial values are not used as "fallback" data in\nvalidation if a particular field's value is not given. initial values are\nonly intended for initial form display:

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Code
>>> class CommentForm(forms.Form):\n...     name = forms.CharField(initial='Your name')\n...     url = forms.URLField(initial='http://')\n...     comment = forms.CharField()\n>>> data = {'name': '', 'url': '', 'comment': 'Foo'}\n>>> f = CommentForm(data)\n>>> f.is_valid()\nFalse\n# The form does *not* fall back to using the initial values.\n>>> f.errors\n{'url': ['This field is required.'], 'name': ['This field is required.']}\n
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Instead of a constant, you can also pass any callable:

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Code
>>> import datetime\n>>> class DateForm(forms.Form):\n...     day = forms.DateField(initial=datetime.date.today)\n>>> print(DateForm())\n<tr><th>Day:</th><td><input type="text" name="day" value="12/23/2008" required><td></tr>\n
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The callable will be evaluated only when the unbound form is displayed, not when it is defined.

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widgetLink to this heading#

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\nField.widgetLink to this definition#
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\n\n

The widget argument lets you specify a Widget class to use when\nrendering this Field. See Widget for more information.

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help_textLink to this heading#

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\nField.help_textLink to this definition#
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\n\n

Argumen help_text membiarkan anda menentukan gambaran teks untuk Field ini. Jika anda menyediakan help_text, itu akan ditampilkan dekat Field ketika Field dibangun oleh satu dari metode Form yang nyaman (misalnya, as_ul()).

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Like the model field's help_text, this value\nisn't HTML-escaped in automatically-generated forms.

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Here's a full example Form that implements help_text for two of its\nfields. We've specified auto_id=False to simplify the output:

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Code
>>> from django import forms\n>>> class HelpTextContactForm(forms.Form):\n...     subject = forms.CharField(max_length=100, help_text='100 characters max.')\n...     message = forms.CharField()\n...     sender = forms.EmailField(help_text='A valid email address, please.')\n...     cc_myself = forms.BooleanField(required=False)\n>>> f = HelpTextContactForm(auto_id=False)\n>>> print(f.as_table())\n<tr><th>Subject:</th><td><input type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" required><br><span class="helptext">100 characters max.</span></td></tr>\n<tr><th>Message:</th><td><input type="text" name="message" required></td></tr>\n<tr><th>Sender:</th><td><input type="email" name="sender" required><br>A valid email address, please.</td></tr>\n<tr><th>Cc myself:</th><td><input type="checkbox" name="cc_myself"></td></tr>\n>>> print(f.as_ul()))\n<li>Subject: <input type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" required> <span class="helptext">100 characters max.</span></li>\n<li>Message: <input type="text" name="message" required></li>\n<li>Sender: <input type="email" name="sender" required> A valid email address, please.</li>\n<li>Cc myself: <input type="checkbox" name="cc_myself"></li>\n>>> print(f.as_p())\n<p>Subject: <input type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" required> <span class="helptext">100 characters max.</span></p>\n<p>Message: <input type="text" name="message" required></p>\n<p>Sender: <input type="email" name="sender" required> A valid email address, please.</p>\n<p>Cc myself: <input type="checkbox" name="cc_myself"></p>\n
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error_messagesLink to this heading#

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\nField.error_messagesLink to this definition#
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The error_messages argument lets you override the default messages that the\nfield will raise. Pass in a dictionary with keys matching the error messages you\nwant to override. For example, here is the default error message:

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Code
>>> from django import forms\n>>> generic = forms.CharField()\n>>> generic.clean('')\nTraceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nValidationError: ['This field is required.']\n
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Dan ini adalah pesan kesalahan penyesuaian:

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Code
>>> name = forms.CharField(error_messages={'required': 'Please enter your name'})\n>>> name.clean('')\nTraceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nValidationError: ['Please enter your name']\n
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Dalam bagian built-in Field classes dibawah ini, setiap Field menentukan kunci-kunci pesan kesalahan itu gunakan.

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validatorsLink to this heading#

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\n
\nField.validatorsLink to this definition#
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\n\n

Argumen validators membiarkan anda menyediakan daftar dari fungsi pengecekan untuk bidang ini.

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Lihat validators documentation untuk informasi lebih.

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localizeLink to this heading#

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\nField.localizeLink to this definition#
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\n\n

Argumen localize mengadakan lokalisasi dari formulir masukan data, sama halnyakeluaran dibangun.

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Lihat dokuemntasi format localization untuk informasi lebih.

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disabledLink to this heading#

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\n
\nField.disabledLink to this definition#
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\n\n

The disabled boolean argument, when set to True, disables a form field\nusing the disabled HTML attribute so that it won't be editable by users.\nEven if a user tampers with the field's value submitted to the server, it will\nbe ignored in favor of the value from the form's initial data.

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Memeriksa jika data bidang telah berubahLink to this heading#

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has_changed()Link to this heading#

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\nField.has_changed()Link to this definition#
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\n\n

The has_changed() method is used to determine if the field value has changed\nfrom the initial value. Returns True or False.

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Lihat dokumentasi Form.has_changed() untuk informasi lebih.

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KelaS-kelas Field siap-pakaiLink to this heading#

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Naturally, the forms library comes with a set of Field classes that\nrepresent common validation needs. This section documents each built-in field.

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For each field, we describe the default widget used if you don't specify\nwidget. We also specify the value returned when you provide an empty value\n(see the section on required above to understand what that means).

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BooleanFieldLink to this heading#

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\nclass BooleanField(**kwargs)Link to this definition#
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    \n

  • Widget awal: CheckboxInput

    • \n

  • Nilai kosong: False

    • \n

  • Dinormalkan pada: Nilai Python True atau False.

    • \n

  • Mensahkan bahwa nilai adalah True (misalnya kotak centang dicentang) jika bidang mempunyai required=True.

    • \n

  • Kunci pesan kesalahan: required

    • \n
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CharFieldLink to this heading#

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\n
\nclass CharField(**kwargs)Link to this definition#
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    \n

  • Widget awal: TextInput

    • \n

  • Nilai kosong: Apapun anda telah berikan sebagai empty_value.

    • \n

  • Normalisasikan menjadi: Sebuah string.

    • \n

  • Menggunakan MaxLengthValidator dan MinLengthValidator jika max_length dan min_length disediakan. Sebaliknya, semua masukan adalah sah.

    • \n

  • Kunci pesan kesalahan: required, max_length, min_length

    • \n
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Mempunyai tiga argumen pilihan untuk pengesahan:

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\nmax_lengthLink to this definition#
\n
\n\n
\n
\nmin_lengthLink to this definition#
\n
\n\n

If provided, these arguments ensure that the string is at most or at least\nthe given length.

\n
\n
\nstripLink to this definition#
\n

Jika True (awalan), nilai akan dilucuti dari terkemuka dan buntutan ruang kosong.

\n
\n\n
\n
\nempty_valueLink to this definition#
\n

NIlai digunakan untuk mewakilkan "empty". Awalan pada string kosong.

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\n\n
\n\n
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ChoiceFieldLink to this heading#

\n
\n
\nclass ChoiceField(**kwargs)Link to this definition#
\n
    \n

  • Widget awalan: Select

    • \n

  • Nilai kosong: '' (sebuah deretan karakter kosong)

    • \n

  • Normalisasikan menjadi: Sebuah string.

    • \n

  • Mensahkan yaitu nilai yang diberikan ada dalam daftar pilihan.

    • \n

  • Kunci pesan kesalahan: required, invalid_choice

    • \n
\n

The invalid_choice error message may contain %(value)s, which will be\nreplaced with the selected choice.

\n

Mengambil satu argumen tambahan:

\n
\n
\nchoicesLink to this definition#
\n

Either an iterable of 2-tuples to use as choices for this\nfield, or a callable that returns such an iterable. This argument\naccepts the same formats as the choices argument to a model field.\nSee the model field reference documentation on choices for more details. If the argument is a callable, it is\nevaluated each time the field's form is initialized. Defaults to an\nempty list.

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TypedChoiceFieldLink to this heading#

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\n
\nclass TypedChoiceField(**kwargs)Link to this definition#
\n

Just like a ChoiceField, except TypedChoiceField takes two\nextra arguments, coerce and empty_value.

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    \n

  • Widget awalan: Select

    • \n

  • Nilai kosong: Apapun anda telah berikan sebagai empty_value.

    • \n

  • Normalizes to: A value of the type provided by the coerce\nargument.

    • \n

  • Mensahkan yang nilai diberikan yang ada dalam daftar pilihan dan dapat dipaksakan.

    • \n

  • Kunci pesan kesalahan: required, invalid_choice

    • \n
\n

Mengambil argumen tambahan:

\n
\n
\ncoerceLink to this definition#
\n

A function that takes one argument and returns a coerced value. Examples\ninclude the built-in int, float, bool and other types. Defaults\nto an identity function. Note that coercion happens after input\nvalidation, so it is possible to coerce to a value not present in\nchoices.

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\n\n
\n
\nempty_valueLink to this definition#
\n

The value to use to represent "empty." Defaults to the empty string;\nNone is another common choice here. Note that this value will not be\ncoerced by the function given in the coerce argument, so choose it\naccordingly.

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\n\n
\n\n
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DateFieldLink to this heading#

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\n
\nclass DateField(**kwargs)Link to this definition#
\n
    \n

  • Widget awal: DateInput

    • \n

  • Nilai kosong: None

    • \n

  • Normalisasikan menjadi: Sebuah obyek datetime.date Python.

    • \n

  • Validates that the given value is either a datetime.date,\ndatetime.datetime or string formatted in a particular date format.

    • \n

  • Kunci pesan kesalahan: required, invalid

    • \n
\n

Mengambil satu argumen pilihan:

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\ninput_formatsLink to this definition#
\n

Sebuah daftar dari bentuk untuk berusaha merubah sebuah string menjadi obyek datetime.date sah.

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\n\n

Jika tidak ada argumen input_formats disediakan, bentuk masukan awalan adalah:

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Code
['%Y-%m-%d',      # '2006-10-25'\n '%m/%d/%Y',      # '10/25/2006'\n '%m/%d/%y']      # '10/25/06'\n
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Additionally, if you specify USE_L10N=False in your settings, the\nfollowing will also be included in the default input formats:

\n
Code
['%b %d %Y',      # 'Oct 25 2006'\n '%b %d, %Y',     # 'Oct 25, 2006'\n '%d %b %Y',      # '25 Oct 2006'\n '%d %b, %Y',     # '25 Oct, 2006'\n '%B %d %Y',      # 'October 25 2006'\n '%B %d, %Y',     # 'October 25, 2006'\n '%d %B %Y',      # '25 October 2006'\n '%d %B, %Y']     # '25 October, 2006'\n
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Lihat juga format localization.

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DateTimeFieldLink to this heading#

\n
\n
\nclass DateTimeField(**kwargs)Link to this definition#
\n
    \n

  • Widget awal: DateTimeInput

    • \n

  • Nilai kosong: None

    • \n

  • Normalisasikan menjadi: Sebuah obyek datetime.datetime Python.

    • \n

  • Validates that the given value is either a datetime.datetime,\ndatetime.date or string formatted in a particular datetime format.

    • \n

  • Kunci pesan kesalahan: required, invalid

    • \n
\n

Mengambil satu argumen pilihan:

\n
\n
\ninput_formatsLink to this definition#
\n

A list of formats used to attempt to convert a string to a valid\ndatetime.datetime object.

\n
\n\n

Jika tidak ada argumen input_formats disediakan, bentuk masukan awalan adalah:

\n
Code
['%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S',    # '2006-10-25 14:30:59'\n '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M',       # '2006-10-25 14:30'\n '%Y-%m-%d',             # '2006-10-25'\n '%m/%d/%Y %H:%M:%S',    # '10/25/2006 14:30:59'\n '%m/%d/%Y %H:%M',       # '10/25/2006 14:30'\n '%m/%d/%Y',             # '10/25/2006'\n '%m/%d/%y %H:%M:%S',    # '10/25/06 14:30:59'\n '%m/%d/%y %H:%M',       # '10/25/06 14:30'\n '%m/%d/%y']             # '10/25/06'\n
\n

Lihat juga format localization.

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\n\n
\n
\n

DecimalFieldLink to this heading#

\n
\n
\nclass DecimalField(**kwargs)Link to this definition#
\n
    \n

  • Widget awalan: NumberInput ketika Field.localize adalah False, selain itu TextInput.

    • \n

  • Nilai kosong: None

    • \n

  • Normalisasikan menjadi: Sebuah decimal Python.

    • \n

  • Validates that the given value is a decimal. Uses\nMaxValueValidator and\nMinValueValidator if max_value and\nmin_value are provided. Leading and trailing whitespace is ignored.

    • \n

  • Kunci pesan kesalahan: required, invalid, max_value, min_value, max_digits, max_decimal_places, max_whole_digits

    • \n
\n

The max_value and min_value error messages may contain\n%(limit_value)s, which will be substituted by the appropriate limit.\nSimilarly, the max_digits, max_decimal_places and\nmax_whole_digits error messages may contain %(max)s.

\n

Mengambil empat argumen pilihan:

\n
\n
\nmax_valueLink to this definition#
\n
\n\n
\n
\nmin_valueLink to this definition#
\n

Ini mengendalikan jangkauan nilai yang diizinkan dalam bidang, dan harus diberikan sebagai nilai decimal.Decimal.

\n
\n\n
\n
\nmax_digitsLink to this definition#
\n

The maximum number of digits (those before the decimal point plus those\nafter the decimal point, with leading zeros stripped) permitted in the\nvalue.

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\n\n
\n
\ndecimal_placesLink to this definition#
\n

Angka maksimal dari tempat desimal yang diizinkan.

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\n\n
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DurationFieldLink to this heading#

\n
\n
\nclass DurationField(**kwargs)Link to this definition#
\n
    \n

  • Widget awal: TextInput

    • \n

  • Nilai kosong: None

    • \n

  • Normalisasikan menjadi: Sebuah timedelta Python.

    • \n

  • Validates that the given value is a string which can be converted into a\ntimedelta. The value must be between datetime.timedelta.min\nand datetime.timedelta.max.

    • \n

  • Kunci pesan kesalahan: required, invalid, overflow.

    • \n
\n

Menerima bentuk apapun yang dipahami oleh parse_duration().

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\n\n
\n
\n

EmailFieldLink to this heading#

\n
\n
\nclass EmailField(**kwargs)Link to this definition#
\n
    \n

  • Widget awal: EmailInput

    • \n

  • Nilai kosong: '' (sebuah deretan karakter kosong)

    • \n

  • Normalisasikan menjadi: Sebuah string.

    • \n

  • Uses EmailValidator to validate that\nthe given value is a valid email address, using a moderately complex\nregular expression.

    • \n

  • Kunci pesan kesalahan: required, invalid

    • \n
\n

Has two optional arguments for validation, max_length and min_length.\nIf provided, these arguments ensure that the string is at most or at least the\ngiven length.

\n
\n\n
\n
\n

FileFieldLink to this heading#

\n
\n
\nclass FileField(**kwargs)Link to this definition#
\n
    \n

  • Widget awal: ClearableFileInput

    • \n

  • Nilai kosong: None

    • \n

  • Normalizes to: An UploadedFile object that wraps the file content\nand file name into a single object.

    • \n

  • Can validate that non-empty file data has been bound to the form.

    • \n

  • Kunci pesan kesalahan: required, invalid, missing, empty, max_length

    • \n
\n

Has two optional arguments for validation, max_length and\nallow_empty_file. If provided, these ensure that the file name is at\nmost the given length, and that validation will succeed even if the file\ncontent is empty.

\n

Untuk belajar mengenai obyek UploadedFile, lihat file uploads documentation.

\n

When you use a FileField in a form, you must also remember to\nbind the file data to the form.

\n

The max_length error refers to the length of the filename. In the error\nmessage for that key, %(max)d will be replaced with the maximum filename\nlength and %(length)d will be replaced with the current filename length.

\n
\n\n
\n
\n

FilePathFieldLink to this heading#

\n
\n
\nclass FilePathField(**kwargs)Link to this definition#
\n
    \n

  • Widget awalan: Select

    • \n

  • Nilai kosong: '' (sebuah deretan karakter kosong)

    • \n

  • Normalisasikan menjadi: Sebuah string.

    • \n

  • Sahkan pilihan terpilih yang ada dalam daftar pilihan.

    • \n

  • Kunci pesan kesalahan: required, invalid_choice

    • \n
\n

The field allows choosing from files inside a certain directory. It takes five\nextra arguments; only path is required:

\n
\n
\npathLink to this definition#
\n

Jalur mutlak ke pelipat yang isinya anda ingin daftarkan. Pelipat harus ada.

\n
\n\n
\n
\nrecursiveLink to this definition#
\n

If False (the default) only the direct contents of path will be\noffered as choices. If True, the directory will be descended into\nrecursively and all descendants will be listed as choices.

\n
\n\n
\n
\nmatchLink to this definition#
\n

A regular expression pattern; only files with names matching this expression\nwill be allowed as choices.

\n
\n\n
\n
\nallow_filesLink to this definition#
\n

Optional. Either True or False. Default is True. Specifies\nwhether files in the specified location should be included. Either this or\nallow_folders must be True.

\n
\n\n
\n
\nallow_foldersLink to this definition#
\n

Optional. Either True or False. Default is False. Specifies\nwhether folders in the specified location should be included. Either this or\nallow_files must be True.

\n
\n\n
\n\n
\n
\n

FloatFieldLink to this heading#

\n
\n
\nclass FloatField(**kwargs)Link to this definition#
\n
    \n

  • Widget awalan: NumberInput ketika Field.localize adalah False, selain itu TextInput.

    • \n

  • Nilai kosong: None

    • \n

  • Normalisasi menjadi: Sebuah float Python.

    • \n

  • Validates that the given value is a float. Uses\nMaxValueValidator and\nMinValueValidator if max_value and\nmin_value are provided. Leading and trailing whitespace is allowed,\nas in Python's float() function.

    • \n

  • Kunci pesan kesalahan: required, invalid, max_value, min_value

    • \n
\n

Takes two optional arguments for validation, max_value and min_value.\nThese control the range of values permitted in the field.

\n
\n\n
\n
\n

ImageFieldLink to this heading#

\n
\n
\nclass ImageField(**kwargs)Link to this definition#
\n
    \n

  • Widget awal: ClearableFileInput

    • \n

  • Nilai kosong: None

    • \n

  • Normalizes to: An UploadedFile object that wraps the file content\nand file name into a single object.

    • \n

  • Validates that file data has been bound to the form. Also uses\nFileExtensionValidator to validate that\nthe file extension is supported by Pillow.

    • \n

  • Kunci pesan kesalahan: required, invalid, missing, empty, invalid_image

    • \n
\n

Using an ImageField requires that Pillow is installed with support\nfor the image formats you use. If you encounter a corrupt image error\nwhen you upload an image, it usually means that Pillow doesn't understand\nits format. To fix this, install the appropriate library and reinstall\nPillow.

\n

Ketika menggunakan ImageField pada formulir, anda harus juga mengingat untuk bind the file data to the form.

\n

After the field has been cleaned and validated, the UploadedFile\nobject will have an additional image attribute containing the Pillow\nImage instance used to check if the file was a valid image. Pillow\ncloses the underlying file descriptor after verifying an image, so whilst\nnon-image data attributes, such as format, height, and width,\nare available, methods that access the underlying image data, such as\ngetdata() or getpixel(), cannot be used without reopening the file.\nFor example:

\n
Code
>>> from PIL import Image\n>>> from django import forms\n>>> from django.core.files.uploadedfile import SimpleUploadedFile\n>>> class ImageForm(forms.Form):\n...     img = forms.ImageField()\n>>> file_data = {'img': SimpleUploadedFile('test.png', <file data>)}\n>>> form = ImageForm({}, file_data)\n# Pillow closes the underlying file descriptor.\n>>> form.is_valid()\nTrue\n>>> image_field = form.cleaned_data['img']\n>>> image_field.image\n<PIL.PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile image mode=RGBA size=191x287 at 0x7F5985045C18>\n>>> image_field.image.width\n191\n>>> image_field.image.height\n287\n>>> image_field.image.format\n'PNG'\n>>> image_field.image.getdata()\n# Raises AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'seek'.\n>>> image = Image.open(image_field)\n>>> image.getdata()\n<ImagingCore object at 0x7f5984f874b0>\n
\n

Additionally, UploadedFile.content_type will be updated with the\nimage's content type if Pillow can determine it, otherwise it will be set\nto None.

\n
\n\n
\n
\n

IntegerFieldLink to this heading#

\n
\n
\nclass IntegerField(**kwargs)Link to this definition#
\n
    \n

  • Widget awalan: NumberInput ketika Field.localize adalah False, selain itu TextInput.

    • \n

  • Nilai kosong: None

    • \n

  • Normalisasi menjadi: Sebuah integer Python.

    • \n

  • mensahkan bahwa nilai yang diberikan adalah integer. Gunakan MaxValueValidator dan MinValueValidator jika max_value dan min_value disediakan. Awalan dan pengekangan ruang putih diijinkan, seeprti dalam fungsi int() Python.

    • \n

  • Kunci pesan kesalahan: required, invalid, max_value, min_value

    • \n
\n

The max_value and min_value error messages may contain\n%(limit_value)s, which will be substituted by the appropriate limit.

\n

Mengambil dua argumen pilihan untuk pengesahan:

\n
\n
\nmax_valueLink to this definition#
\n
\n\n
\n
\nmin_valueLink to this definition#
\n
\n\n

Ini mengendalikan jangkauan nilai yang diizinkan di bidang.

\n
\n\n
\n
\n

GenericIPAddressFieldLink to this heading#

\n
\n
\nclass GenericIPAddressField(**kwargs)Link to this definition#
\n

Bidang mengandung antara alamat IPv4 atau IPv6.

\n
    \n

  • Widget awal: TextInput

    • \n

  • Nilai kosong: '' (sebuah deretan karakter kosong)

    • \n

  • Dinormalkan ke: String. Alamat IPv6 dinormalkan seperti digambarkan dibawah.

    • \n

  • Mensahkan bahwa nilai yang diberikan adalah alamat IP sah.

    • \n

  • Kunci pesan kesalahan: required, invalid

    • \n
\n

Normalisasi alamat IPv6 mengikuti RFC 4291 Section 2.2 bagian 2.2, termasuk menggunakan bentuk IPv4 disarankan dalam paragraf 3 dari bagian itu, seperti ::ffff:192.0.2.0. Sebagai contoh, 2001:0::0:01 akan dinormalkan menjadi 2001::1, dan ::ffff:0a0a:0a0a menjadi ::ffff:10.10.10.10. Semau karakter dirubah menjadi huruf kecil.

\n

Mengambil dua argumen pilihan:

\n
\n
\nprotocolLink to this definition#
\n

Membatasi masukan sah pada protokol tertentu. Nilai-nilai diterima adalah both (default), IPv4 atau IPv6. Cocok adalah kasus tidak peka.

\n
\n\n
\n
\nunpack_ipv4Link to this definition#
\n

Unpacks IPv4 mapped addresses like ::ffff:192.0.2.1.\nIf this option is enabled that address would be unpacked to\n192.0.2.1. Default is disabled. Can only be used\nwhen protocol is set to 'both'.

\n
\n\n
\n\n
\n
\n

MultipleChoiceFieldLink to this heading#

\n
\n
\nclass MultipleChoiceField(**kwargs)Link to this definition#
\n
    \n

  • Widget awal: SelectMultiple

    • \n

  • Nilai kosong: [] (sebuah deretan karakter kosong)

    • \n

  • Normalisasikan menjadi: Sebuah list dari string.

    • \n

  • Mensahkan bahwa nilai di daftar yang diberikan dari nilai yang ada di daftar pilihan.

    • \n

  • Kunci pesan kesalahan: required, invalid, invalid_list

    • \n
\n

The invalid_choice error message may contain %(value)s, which will be\nreplaced with the selected choice.

\n

Mengambil satu tambahan argumen wajib, choices, tentang ChoiceField.

\n
\n\n
\n
\n

TypedMultipleChoiceFieldLink to this heading#

\n
\n
\nclass TypedMultipleChoiceField(**kwargs)Link to this definition#
\n

Sama seperti MultipleChoiceField, kecuali TypedMultipleChoiceField mengambil dua argumen tambahan, coerce dan empty_value.

\n
    \n

  • Widget awal: SelectMultiple

    • \n

  • Nilai kosong: Apapun anda telah berikan sebagai empty_value.

    • \n

  • Normalizes to: A list of values of the type provided by the coerce\nargument.

    • \n

  • Validates that the given values exists in the list of choices and can be\ncoerced.

    • \n

  • Kunci pesan kesalahan: required, invalid_choice

    • \n
\n

The invalid_choice error message may contain %(value)s, which will be\nreplaced with the selected choice.

\n

Takes two extra arguments, coerce and empty_value, as for\nTypedChoiceField.

\n
\n\n
\n
\n

NullBooleanFieldLink to this heading#

\n
\n
\nclass NullBooleanField(**kwargs)Link to this definition#
\n
    \n

  • Widget awal: :class:`TypedMultipleChoiceField`

    • \n

  • Nilai kosong: None

    • \n

  • Normalizes to: A Python True, False or None value.

    • \n

  • Validates nothing (i.e., it never raises a ValidationError).

    • \n
\n
\n\n
\n
\n

RegexFieldLink to this heading#

\n
\n
\nclass RegexField(**kwargs)Link to this definition#
\n
    \n

  • Widget awal: TextInput

    • \n

  • Nilai kosong: '' (sebuah deretan karakter kosong)

    • \n

  • Normalisasikan menjadi: Sebuah string.

    • \n

  • Uses RegexValidator to validate that\nthe given value matches a certain regular expression.

    • \n

  • Kunci pesan kesalahan: required, invalid

    • \n
\n

Mengambil satu argumen diwajibkan:

\n
\n
\nregexLink to this definition#
\n

A regular expression specified either as a string or a compiled regular\nexpression object.

\n
\n\n

Also takes max_length, min_length, and strip, which work just\nas they do for CharField.

\n
\n
\nstripLink to this definition#
\n

Defaults to False. If enabled, stripping will be applied before the\nregex validation.

\n
\n\n
\n\n
\n
\n

SlugFieldLink to this heading#

\n
\n
\nclass SlugField(**kwargs)Link to this definition#
\n
    \n

  • Widget awal: TextInput

    • \n

  • Nilai kosong: '' (sebuah deretan karakter kosong)

    • \n

  • Normalisasikan menjadi: Sebuah string.

    • \n

  • Menggunakan validate_slug atau validate_unicode_slug untuk mensahkan bahwa nilai yang diberikan mengandung hanya huruf, angka, garis bawah dan penghubung.

    • \n

  • Pesan kesalahan: required, invalid.

    • \n
\n

Bidang ini dimaksudkan untuk digunakan dalam mewakilkan model SlugField di formulir.

\n

Mengambil sebuah parameter pilihan:

\n
\n
\nallow_unicodeLink to this definition#
\n

A boolean instructing the field to accept Unicode letters in addition\nto ASCII letters. Defaults to False.

\n
\n\n
\n\n
\n
\n

TimeFieldLink to this heading#

\n
\n
\nclass TimeField(**kwargs)Link to this definition#
\n
    \n

  • Widget awal: TimeInput

    • \n

  • Nilai kosong: None

    • \n

  • Normalisasikan menjadi: Sebuah obyek datetime.time Python.

    • \n

  • Validates that the given value is either a datetime.time or string\nformatted in a particular time format.

    • \n

  • Kunci pesan kesalahan: required, invalid

    • \n
\n

Mengambil satu argumen pilihan:

\n
\n
\ninput_formatsLink to this definition#
\n

A list of formats used to attempt to convert a string to a valid\ndatetime.time object.

\n
\n\n

Jika tidak ada argumen input_formats disediakan, bentuk masukan awalan adalah:

\n
Code
'%H:%M:%S',     # '14:30:59'\n'%H:%M',        # '14:30'\n
\n
\n\n
\n
\n

URLFieldLink to this heading#

\n
\n
\nclass URLField(**kwargs)Link to this definition#
\n
    \n

  • Widget awal: URLInput

    • \n

  • Nilai kosong: '' (sebuah deretan karakter kosong)

    • \n

  • Normalisasikan menjadi: Sebuah string.

    • \n

  • Uses URLValidator to validate that the\ngiven value is a valid URL.

    • \n

  • Kunci pesan kesalahan: required, invalid

    • \n
\n

Mengambil argumen pilihan berikut:

\n
\n
\nmax_lengthLink to this definition#
\n
\n\n
\n
\nmin_lengthLink to this definition#
\n
\n\n

Ini adalah sama seperti CharField.max_length dan CharField.min_length.

\n
\n\n
\n
\n

UUIDFieldLink to this heading#

\n
\n
\nclass UUIDField(**kwargs)Link to this definition#
\n
    \n

  • Widget awal: TextInput

    • \n

  • Nilai kosong: '' (sebuah deretan karakter kosong)

    • \n

  • Normalisasikan menjadi: Sebuah obyek class:~python:uuid.UUID.

    • \n

  • Kunci pesan kesalahan: required, invalid

    • \n
\n

This field will accept any string format accepted as the hex argument\nto the UUID constructor.

\n
\n\n
\n
\n
\n

Slightly complex built-in Field classesLink to this heading#

\n
\n

ComboFieldLink to this heading#

\n
\n
\nclass ComboField(**kwargs)Link to this definition#
\n
    \n

  • Widget awal: TextInput

    • \n

  • Nilai kosong: '' (sebuah deretan karakter kosong)

    • \n

  • Normalisasikan menjadi: Sebuah string.

    • \n

  • Validates the given value against each of the fields specified\nas an argument to the ComboField.

    • \n

  • Kunci pesan kesalahan: required, invalid

    • \n
\n

Mengambil satu argumen tambahan diwajibkan:

\n
\n
\nfieldsLink to this definition#
\n

The list of fields that should be used to validate the field's value (in\nthe order in which they are provided).

\n
Code
>>> from django.forms import ComboField\n>>> f = ComboField(fields=[CharField(max_length=20), EmailField()])\n>>> f.clean('test@example.com')\n'test@example.com'\n>>> f.clean('longemailaddress@example.com')\nTraceback (most recent call last):\n...\nValidationError: ['Ensure this value has at most 20 characters (it has 28).']\n
\n
\n\n
\n\n
\n
\n

MultiValueFieldLink to this heading#

\n
\n
\nclass MultiValueField(fields=(), **kwargs)Link to this definition#
\n
    \n

  • Widget awal: TextInput

    • \n

  • Nilai kosong: '' (sebuah deretan karakter kosong)

    • \n

  • Normalizes to: the type returned by the compress method of the subclass.

    • \n

  • Validates the given value against each of the fields specified\nas an argument to the MultiValueField.

    • \n

  • Kunci pesan kesalahan: required, invalid, incomplete

    • \n
\n

Aggregates the logic of multiple fields that together produce a single\nvalue.

\n

This field is abstract and must be subclassed. In contrast with the\nsingle-value fields, subclasses of MultiValueField must not\nimplement clean() but instead - implement\ncompress().

\n

Mengambil satu argumen tambahan diwajibkan:

\n
\n
\nfieldsLink to this definition#
\n

A tuple of fields whose values are cleaned and subsequently combined\ninto a single value. Each value of the field is cleaned by the\ncorresponding field in fields -- the first value is cleaned by the\nfirst field, the second value is cleaned by the second field, etc.\nOnce all fields are cleaned, the list of clean values is combined into\na single value by compress().

\n
\n\n

Juga ambil beberapa argumen pilihan:

\n
\n
\nrequire_all_fieldsLink to this definition#
\n

Defaults to True, in which case a required validation error\nwill be raised if no value is supplied for any field.

\n

When set to False, the Field.required attribute can be set\nto False for individual fields to make them optional. If no value\nis supplied for a required field, an incomplete validation error\nwill be raised.

\n

A default incomplete error message can be defined on the\nMultiValueField subclass, or different messages can be defined\non each individual field. For example:

\n
Code
from django.core.validators import RegexValidator\n\nclass PhoneField(MultiValueField):\n    def __init__(self, **kwargs):\n        # Define one message for all fields.\n        error_messages = {\n            'incomplete': 'Enter a country calling code and a phone number.',\n        }\n        # Or define a different message for each field.\n        fields = (\n            CharField(\n                error_messages={'incomplete': 'Enter a country calling code.'},\n                validators=[\n                    RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', 'Enter a valid country calling code.'),\n                ],\n            ),\n            CharField(\n                error_messages={'incomplete': 'Enter a phone number.'},\n                validators=[RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', 'Enter a valid phone number.')],\n            ),\n            CharField(\n                validators=[RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', 'Enter a valid extension.')],\n                required=False,\n            ),\n        )\n        super().__init__(\n            error_messages=error_messages, fields=fields,\n            require_all_fields=False, **kwargs\n        )\n
\n
\n\n
\n
\nwidgetLink to this definition#
\n

Must be a subclass of django.forms.MultiWidget.\nDefault value is TextInput, which\nprobably is not very useful in this case.

\n
\n\n
\n
\ncompress(data_list)Link to this definition#
\n

Takes a list of valid values and returns a "compressed" version of\nthose values -- in a single value. For example,\nSplitDateTimeField is a subclass which combines a time field\nand a date field into a datetime object.

\n

Cara ini harus diterapkan di subkelas.

\n
\n\n
\n\n
\n
\n

SplitDateTimeFieldLink to this heading#

\n
\n
\nclass SplitDateTimeField(**kwargs)Link to this definition#
\n
    \n

  • Widget awal: SplitDateTimeWidget

    • \n

  • Nilai kosong: None

    • \n

  • Normalisasikan menjadi: Sebuah obyek datetime.datetime Python.

    • \n

  • Mensahkan bahwa nilai yang diberikan adalah berbentuk datetime.datetime atau string dalam bentuk datetime khusus.

    • \n

  • Kunci pesan kesalahan: required, invalid, invalid_date, invalid_time

    • \n
\n

Mengambil dua argumen pilihan:

\n
\n
\ninput_date_formatsLink to this definition#
\n

Sebuah daftar dari bentuk untuk berusaha merubah sebuah string menjadi obyek datetime.date sah.

\n
\n\n

If no input_date_formats argument is provided, the default input formats\nfor DateField are used.

\n
\n
\ninput_time_formatsLink to this definition#
\n

A list of formats used to attempt to convert a string to a valid\ndatetime.time object.

\n
\n\n

Jika tidak ada argumen input_time_formats disediakan, bentuk masukan awalan untuk TimeField adalah yang digunakan.

\n
\n\n
\n
\n
\n

Bidang-bidang yang menangani hubunganLink to this heading#

\n

Two fields are available for representing relationships between\nmodels: ModelChoiceField and\nModelMultipleChoiceField. Both of these fields require a\nsingle queryset parameter that is used to create the choices for\nthe field. Upon form validation, these fields will place either one\nmodel object (in the case of ModelChoiceField) or multiple model\nobjects (in the case of ModelMultipleChoiceField) into the\ncleaned_data dictionary of the form.

\n

Untuk penggunaan lebih rumit, anda dapat menentukan queryset=None ketika menyatakan bidang formulir dan kemudian mengumpulkan queryset dalam metode __init__() formulir:

\n
Code
class FooMultipleChoiceForm(forms.Form):\n    foo_select = forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField(queryset=None)\n\n    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):\n        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)\n        self.fields['foo_select'].queryset = ...\n
\n
\n

ModelChoiceFieldLink to this heading#

\n
\n
\nclass ModelChoiceField(**kwargs)Link to this definition#
\n
    \n

  • Widget awalan: Select

    • \n

  • Nilai kosong: None

    • \n

  • Normalisasi menjadi: Sebuah instance model.

    • \n

  • Mensahkan dimana id diberikan ada dalam queryset.

    • \n

  • Kunci pesan kesalahan: required, invalid_choice

    • \n
\n

Mengizinkan pemilihan dari obyek model tunggal, cocok untuk mewakili sebuah foreign-key. Catat bahwa widget awalan untuk ModelChoiceField menjadi tidak praktis ketika angka dari masukan meningkat. Anda harus menghindari menggunakan itu untuk lebih dari 100 barang.

\n

Argumen tunggal dibutuhkan:

\n
\n
\nquerysetLink to this definition#
\n

Sebuah QuerySet obyek model dimana pilihan untuk bidang adalah diturunkan dan dimana digunakan untuk mensahkan pemilihan pengguna. Itu dinilai ketika formulir dibangun.

\n
\n\n

ModelChoiceField juga mengambil dua argumen pilihan:

\n
\n
\nempty_labelLink to this definition#
\n

By default the <select> widget used by ModelChoiceField will have an\nempty choice at the top of the list. You can change the text of this\nlabel (which is "---------" by default) with the empty_label\nattribute, or you can disable the empty label entirely by setting\nempty_label to None:

\n
Code
# A custom empty label\nfield1 = forms.ModelChoiceField(queryset=..., empty_label="(Nothing)")\n\n# No empty label\nfield2 = forms.ModelChoiceField(queryset=..., empty_label=None)\n
\n

Catat bahwa jika sebuah ModelChoiceField diwajibkan dan mempunyai nilai awal awalan, tidak ada pilihan kosong dibuat (meskipun dari nilai dari empty_label).

\n
\n\n
\n
\nto_field_nameLink to this definition#
\n

This optional argument is used to specify the field to use as the value\nof the choices in the field's widget. Be sure it's a unique field for\nthe model, otherwise the selected value could match more than one\nobject. By default it is set to None, in which case the primary key\nof each object will be used. For example:

\n
Code
# No custom to_field_name\nfield1 = forms.ModelChoiceField(queryset=...)\n
\n

akan menghasilkan:

\n
Html
<select id="id_field1" name="field1">\n<option value="obj1.pk">Object1</option>\n<option value="obj2.pk">Object2</option>\n...\n</select>\n
\n

dan:

\n
Code
# to_field_name provided\nfield2 = forms.ModelChoiceField(queryset=..., to_field_name="name")\n
\n

akan menghasilkan:

\n
Html
<select id="id_field2" name="field2">\n<option value="obj1.name">Object1</option>\n<option value="obj2.name">Object2</option>\n...\n</select>\n
\n
\n\n

The __str__() method of the model will be called to generate string\nrepresentations of the objects for use in the field's choices. To provide\ncustomized representations, subclass ModelChoiceField and override\nlabel_from_instance. This method will receive a model object and should\nreturn a string suitable for representing it. For example:

\n
Code
from django.forms import ModelChoiceField\n\nclass MyModelChoiceField(ModelChoiceField):\n    def label_from_instance(self, obj):\n        return "My Object #%i" % obj.id\n
\n
\n\n
\n
\n

ModelMultipleChoiceFieldLink to this heading#

\n
\n
\nclass ModelMultipleChoiceField(**kwargs)Link to this definition#
\n
    \n

  • Widget awal: SelectMultiple

    • \n

  • Nilai kosong: Sebuah (self.queryset.none()) QuerySet

    • \n

  • Normalizes to: A QuerySet of model instances.

    • \n

  • Mensahkan bahwa setiap id dalam daftar yang diberikan dari nilai ada dalam queryset.

    • \n

  • Kunci pesan kesalahan: required, list, invalid_choice, invalid_pk_value

    • \n
\n

Pesan invalid_choice mungkin mengandung %(value)s dan pesan invalid_pk_value mungkin mengandung %(pk)s, yang akan diganti oleh nilai-nilai sesuai.

\n

Mengizinkan pemilihan satu atau lebih obyek model, cocok untuk mewakili hubungan many-to-many. Seperti dengan ModelChoiceField, anda dapat menggunakan label_from_instance untuk menyesuaikan perwakilan obyek.

\n

Argumen tunggal dibutuhkan:

\n
\n
\nquerysetLink to this definition#
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Sama seperti ModelChoiceField.queryset.

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Mengambil satu argumen pilihan:

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\nto_field_nameLink to this definition#
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Sama seperti ModelChoiceField.to_field_name.

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Membuat bidang penyesuaianLink to this heading#

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Jika kelas-kelas Field siap-pakai tidak memenuhi kebutuhan anda, anda dapat dengan mudah membuat kelas-kelas Field penyesuaian. Untuk melakukan ini, cukup buat sebuah subkelas dari django.forms.Field. Persyaratannya hanya bahwa itu menerapkan metode clean() dan dimana metode __init__() nya menerima argumen-argumen inti disebutkan diatas (required, label, initial, widget, help_text).

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Anda dapat juga menyesuaikan bagaimana bidang akan diakses dengan menimpa get_bound_field().

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