{"title":"Menangani formulir dengan tampilan berdasarkan-kelas","version":"1.11","locale":"id","docname":"topics/class-based-views/generic-editing","url":"/id/1.11/topics/class-based-views/generic-editing/","canonical":"https://djangodocs.dev/id/1.11/topics/class-based-views/generic-editing/","summary":"Pengolahan formulir umumnya mempunyai 3 jalur: Inisial GET (kosong atau formulir diisi dimuka); POST dengan data tidak sah (khususnya memperlihatkan kembali…","html":"

Menangani formulir dengan tampilan berdasarkan-kelasLink to this heading#

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Pengolahan formulir umumnya mempunyai 3 jalur:

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Menerapkan ini anda sendiri sering menghasilkan banyak perulangan kode boilerplate (lihat Using a form in a view). Untuk menghindai ini, Django menyediakan kumpulan dari tampilan berdasarkan-kelas umum untuk pengolahan formulir.

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Formulir dasarLink to this heading#

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Diberikan formulir kontak sederhana:

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forms.py
Code
from django import forms\n\nclass ContactForm(forms.Form):\n    name = forms.CharField()\n    message = forms.CharField(widget=forms.Textarea)\n\n    def send_email(self):\n        # send email using the self.cleaned_data dictionary\n        pass\n
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Tampilan dapat dibangun menggunakan FormView:

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views.py
Code
from myapp.forms import ContactForm\nfrom django.views.generic.edit import FormView\n\nclass ContactView(FormView):\n    template_name = 'contact.html'\n    form_class = ContactForm\n    success_url = '/thanks/'\n\n    def form_valid(self, form):\n        # This method is called when valid form data has been POSTed.\n        # It should return an HttpResponse.\n        form.send_email()\n        return super(ContactView, self).form_valid(form)\n
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Catatan:

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Formulir modelLink to this heading#

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Tampilan umum bersinar ketika bekerja dengan model. Tampilan umum ini akan secara otomatis membuat sebuah ModelForm, selama mereka dapat bekerya kelas model mana digunakan:

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Tampilan formulir model menyediakan sebuah penerapan form_valid() yang menyimpan model secara otomatis. Anda dapat menimpa ini jika anda mempunyai persyaratan khusus lainnya; lihat dibawah untuk contoh.

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Anda tidak perlu menyediakan sebuah success_url untuk CreateView atau UpdateView - mereka akan menggunakan get_absolute_url() pada obyek model jika tersedia.

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Jika anda ingin menggunakan penyesuaian ModelForm (sebagai contoh untuk menambah pengesahan tambahan) cukup setel form_class pada tampilan anda.

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Pertama kami butuh menambahkan get_absolute_url() ke kelas Author kami:

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models.py
Code
from django.urls import reverse\nfrom django.db import models\n\nclass Author(models.Model):\n    name = models.CharField(max_length=200)\n\n    def get_absolute_url(self):\n        return reverse('author-detail', kwargs={'pk': self.pk})\n
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Kemudian kami dapat menggunakan CreateView dan teman-teman untuk melakukan pekerjaan sebenarnya. Perhatikan bagaimana kami hanya mengkonfigurasi tampilan berdasarkan-kelas umum disini; kami tidak harus menulis logika apapun kami sendiri:

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views.py
Code
from django.views.generic.edit import CreateView, UpdateView, DeleteView\nfrom django.urls import reverse_lazy\nfrom myapp.models import Author\n\nclass AuthorCreate(CreateView):\n    model = Author\n    fields = ['name']\n\nclass AuthorUpdate(UpdateView):\n    model = Author\n    fields = ['name']\n\nclass AuthorDelete(DeleteView):\n    model = Author\n    success_url = reverse_lazy('author-list')\n
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Atribut fields bekerja cara sama seperti atribut fields pada kelas Meta sebelah dalam pada ModelForm. Meskipun anda menentukan kelas formulir di cara lain, atribut dibutuhkan dan tampilan akan munculkan sebuah pengecualian ImproperlyConfigured jika itu tidak.

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Jika anda menentukan kedua atribut fields dan form_class, sebuah pengecualian ImproperlyConfigured akan dimunculkan.

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Akhirnya, kami mengaitkan tampilan baru ini kedalam URLconf:

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urls.py
Code
from django.conf.urls import url\nfrom myapp.views import AuthorCreate, AuthorUpdate, AuthorDelete\n\nurlpatterns = [\n    # ...\n    url(r'author/add/$', AuthorCreate.as_view(), name='author-add'),\n    url(r'author/(?P<pk>[0-9]+)/$', AuthorUpdate.as_view(), name='author-update'),\n    url(r'author/(?P<pk>[0-9]+)/delete/$', AuthorDelete.as_view(), name='author-delete'),\n]\n
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Models dan request.userLink to this heading#

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Untuk melacak pengguna yang membuat sebuah obyek menggunakan sebuah CreateView, anda dapat menggunakan sebuah penyesuaian ModelForm untuk melakukan ini. Pertama, tambah hubungan foreign key pada model:

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models.py
Code
from django.contrib.auth.models import User\nfrom django.db import models\n\nclass Author(models.Model):\n    name = models.CharField(max_length=200)\n    created_by = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)\n\n    # ...\n
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Di tampilan, pastikan bahwa anda tidak menyertakan created_by di daftar dari bidang untuk menyunting, dan menimpa form_valid() untuk menambah pengguna:

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views.py
Code
from django.views.generic.edit import CreateView\nfrom myapp.models import Author\n\nclass AuthorCreate(CreateView):\n    model = Author\n    fields = ['name']\n\n    def form_valid(self, form):\n        form.instance.created_by = self.request.user\n        return super(AuthorCreate, self).form_valid(form)\n
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Catata bahwa anda akan butuh decorate this view menggunakan login_required(), atau cara lain menangani pengguna tidak berhak di form_valid().

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Contoh AJAXLink to this heading#

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Ini adalah contoh sederhana menunjukkan bagaimana anda mungkin pergi tentang menerapkan sebuah formulir yang bekerja untuk permintaan AJAX sama seperti formulir POST 'normal':

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Code
from django.http import JsonResponse\nfrom django.views.generic.edit import CreateView\nfrom myapp.models import Author\n\nclass AjaxableResponseMixin(object):\n    """\n    Mixin to add AJAX support to a form.\n    Must be used with an object-based FormView (e.g. CreateView)\n    """\n    def form_invalid(self, form):\n        response = super(AjaxableResponseMixin, self).form_invalid(form)\n        if self.request.is_ajax():\n            return JsonResponse(form.errors, status=400)\n        else:\n            return response\n\n    def form_valid(self, form):\n        # We make sure to call the parent's form_valid() method because\n        # it might do some processing (in the case of CreateView, it will\n        # call form.save() for example).\n        response = super(AjaxableResponseMixin, self).form_valid(form)\n        if self.request.is_ajax():\n            data = {\n                'pk': self.object.pk,\n            }\n            return JsonResponse(data)\n        else:\n            return response\n\nclass AuthorCreate(AjaxableResponseMixin, CreateView):\n    model = Author\n    fields = ['name']\n
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","rootId":"form-handling-with-class-based-views","toc":[{"title":"Formulir dasar","anchor":"basic-forms","children":[]},{"title":"Formulir model","anchor":"model-forms","children":[]},{"title":"Models dan request.user","anchor":"models-and-request-user","children":[]},{"title":"Contoh AJAX","anchor":"ajax-example","children":[]}],"breadcrumbs":[{"docname":"topics/index","title":"Menggunakan Django","url":"/id/1.11/topics/"},{"docname":"topics/class-based-views/index","title":"Tampilan berdasarkan-kelas","url":"/id/1.11/topics/class-based-views/"}],"prev":{"docname":"topics/class-based-views/generic-display","title":"Tampilan umum berdasarkan kelas siap-pakai","url":"/id/1.11/topics/class-based-views/generic-display/"},"next":{"docname":"topics/class-based-views/mixins","title":"Menggunakan mixin dengan tampilan berdasarkan-kelas","url":"/id/1.11/topics/class-based-views/mixins/"},"formats":{"html":"/id/1.11/topics/class-based-views/generic-editing/","markdown":"/id/1.11/topics/class-based-views/generic-editing.md","json":"/id/1.11/topics/class-based-views/generic-editing.json"},"source":"https://github.com/django/django/blob/stable/1.11.x/docs/topics/class-based-views/generic-editing.txt","official":"https://docs.djangoproject.com/id/1.11/topics/class-based-views/generic-editing/","inVersions":["6.1","6.0","5.2","5.1","5.0","4.2","4.1","4.0","3.2","3.1","3.0","2.2","2.1","2.0","1.11","1.10","1.9"],"inLocales":["en","fr","ja","id","pt-br","ko","es","el","pl"]}