---
title: "Bidang formulir"
version: 1.10
locale: id
source: https://docs.djangoproject.com/id/1.10/ref/forms/fields/
canonical: https://djangodocs.dev/id/1.10/ref/forms/fields/
---
# Bidang formulir

#### `class Field(**kwargs)`

When you create a `Form` class, the most important part is defining the
fields of the form. Each field has custom validation logic, along with a few
other hooks.

#### `Field.clean(value)`

Although the primary way you'll use `Field` classes is in `Form` classes,
you can also instantiate them and use them directly to get a better idea of
how they work. Each `Field` instance has a `clean()` method, which takes
a single argument and either raises a `django.forms.ValidationError`
exception or returns the clean value:

```
>>> from django import forms
>>> f = forms.EmailField()
>>> f.clean('foo@example.com')
'foo@example.com'
>>> f.clean('invalid email address')
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ValidationError: ['Enter a valid email address.']
```

## Argumen bidang inti

Each `Field` class constructor takes at least these arguments. Some
`Field` classes take additional, field-specific arguments, but the following
should *always* be accepted:

### `required`

#### `Field.required`

By default, each `Field` class assumes the value is required, so if you pass
an empty value -- either `None` or the empty string (`""`) -- then
`clean()` will raise a `ValidationError` exception:

```
>>> from django import forms
>>> f = forms.CharField()
>>> f.clean('foo')
'foo'
>>> f.clean('')
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ValidationError: ['This field is required.']
>>> f.clean(None)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ValidationError: ['This field is required.']
>>> f.clean(' ')
' '
>>> f.clean(0)
'0'
>>> f.clean(True)
'True'
>>> f.clean(False)
'False'
```

Untuk menentukan bahwa bidang adalah *tidak* diwajibkan, lewatkan `required=False` ke pembangun `Field`:

```
>>> f = forms.CharField(required=False)
>>> f.clean('foo')
'foo'
>>> f.clean('')
''
>>> f.clean(None)
''
>>> f.clean(0)
'0'
>>> f.clean(True)
'True'
>>> f.clean(False)
'False'
```

If a `Field` has `required=False` and you pass `clean()` an empty value,
then `clean()` will return a *normalized* empty value rather than raising
`ValidationError`. For `CharField`, this will be a Unicode empty string.
For other `Field` classes, it might be `None`. (This varies from field to
field.)

Widgets of required form fields have the `required` HTML attribute. Set the
[`Form.use_required_attribute`](/id/1.10/ref/forms/api/#django.forms.Form.use_required_attribute) attribute to `False` to disable it. The
`required` attribute isn't included on forms of formsets because the browser
validation may not be correct when adding and deleting formsets.

> **New in Django 1.10**
>
> Support for the `required` HTML attribute was added.

### `label`

#### `Field.label`

The `label` argument lets you specify the "human-friendly" label for this
field. This is used when the `Field` is displayed in a `Form`.

As explained in "Outputting forms as HTML" above, the default label for a
`Field` is generated from the field name by converting all underscores to
spaces and upper-casing the first letter. Specify `label` if that default
behavior doesn't result in an adequate label.

Here's a full example `Form` that implements `label` for two of its fields.
We've specified `auto_id=False` to simplify the output:

```
>>> from django import forms
>>> class CommentForm(forms.Form):
...     name = forms.CharField(label='Your name')
...     url = forms.URLField(label='Your website', required=False)
...     comment = forms.CharField()
>>> f = CommentForm(auto_id=False)
>>> print(f)
<tr><th>Your name:</th><td><input type="text" name="name" required /></td></tr>
<tr><th>Your website:</th><td><input type="url" name="url" /></td></tr>
<tr><th>Comment:</th><td><input type="text" name="comment" required /></td></tr>
```

### `label_suffix`

#### `Field.label_suffix`

The `label_suffix` argument lets you override the form's
[`label_suffix`](/id/1.10/ref/forms/api/#django.forms.Form.label_suffix) on a per-field basis:

```
>>> class ContactForm(forms.Form):
...     age = forms.IntegerField()
...     nationality = forms.CharField()
...     captcha_answer = forms.IntegerField(label='2 + 2', label_suffix=' =')
>>> f = ContactForm(label_suffix='?')
>>> print(f.as_p())
<p><label for="id_age">Age?</label> <input id="id_age" name="age" type="number" required /></p>
<p><label for="id_nationality">Nationality?</label> <input id="id_nationality" name="nationality" type="text" required /></p>
<p><label for="id_captcha_answer">2 + 2 =</label> <input id="id_captcha_answer" name="captcha_answer" type="number" required /></p>
```

### `initial`

#### `Field.initial`

The `initial` argument lets you specify the initial value to use when
rendering this `Field` in an unbound `Form`.

Untuk menentukan data awal dinamis, lihat parameter [`Form.initial`](/id/1.10/ref/forms/api/#django.forms.Form.initial).

The use-case for this is when you want to display an "empty" form in which a
field is initialized to a particular value. For example:

```
>>> from django import forms
>>> class CommentForm(forms.Form):
...     name = forms.CharField(initial='Your name')
...     url = forms.URLField(initial='http://')
...     comment = forms.CharField()
>>> f = CommentForm(auto_id=False)
>>> print(f)
<tr><th>Name:</th><td><input type="text" name="name" value="Your name" required /></td></tr>
<tr><th>Url:</th><td><input type="url" name="url" value="http://" required /></td></tr>
<tr><th>Comment:</th><td><input type="text" name="comment" required /></td></tr>
```

You may be thinking, why not just pass a dictionary of the initial values as
data when displaying the form? Well, if you do that, you'll trigger validation,
and the HTML output will include any validation errors:

```
>>> class CommentForm(forms.Form):
...     name = forms.CharField()
...     url = forms.URLField()
...     comment = forms.CharField()
>>> default_data = {'name': 'Your name', 'url': 'http://'}
>>> f = CommentForm(default_data, auto_id=False)
>>> print(f)
<tr><th>Name:</th><td><input type="text" name="name" value="Your name" required /></td></tr>
<tr><th>Url:</th><td><ul class="errorlist"><li>Enter a valid URL.</li></ul><input type="url" name="url" value="http://" required /></td></tr>
<tr><th>Comment:</th><td><ul class="errorlist"><li>This field is required.</li></ul><input type="text" name="comment" required /></td></tr>
```

This is why `initial` values are only displayed for unbound forms. For bound
forms, the HTML output will use the bound data.

Also note that `initial` values are *not* used as "fallback" data in
validation if a particular field's value is not given. `initial` values are
*only* intended for initial form display:

```
>>> class CommentForm(forms.Form):
...     name = forms.CharField(initial='Your name')
...     url = forms.URLField(initial='http://')
...     comment = forms.CharField()
>>> data = {'name': '', 'url': '', 'comment': 'Foo'}
>>> f = CommentForm(data)
>>> f.is_valid()
False
# The form does *not* fall back to using the initial values.
>>> f.errors
{'url': ['This field is required.'], 'name': ['This field is required.']}
```

Instead of a constant, you can also pass any callable:

```
>>> import datetime
>>> class DateForm(forms.Form):
...     day = forms.DateField(initial=datetime.date.today)
>>> print(DateForm())
<tr><th>Day:</th><td><input type="text" name="day" value="12/23/2008" required /><td></tr>
```

The callable will be evaluated only when the unbound form is displayed, not when it is defined.

### `widget`

#### `Field.widget`

The `widget` argument lets you specify a `Widget` class to use when
rendering this `Field`. See [Widget](/id/1.10/ref/forms/widgets/) for more information.

### `help_text`

#### `Field.help_text`

The `help_text` argument lets you specify descriptive text for this
`Field`. If you provide `help_text`, it will be displayed next to the
`Field` when the `Field` is rendered by one of the convenience `Form`
methods (e.g., `as_ul()`).

Like the model field's [`help_text`](/id/1.10/ref/models/fields/#django.db.models.Field.help_text), this value
isn't HTML-escaped in automatically-generated forms.

Here's a full example `Form` that implements `help_text` for two of its
fields. We've specified `auto_id=False` to simplify the output:

```
>>> from django import forms
>>> class HelpTextContactForm(forms.Form):
...     subject = forms.CharField(max_length=100, help_text='100 characters max.')
...     message = forms.CharField()
...     sender = forms.EmailField(help_text='A valid email address, please.')
...     cc_myself = forms.BooleanField(required=False)
>>> f = HelpTextContactForm(auto_id=False)
>>> print(f.as_table())
<tr><th>Subject:</th><td><input type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" required /><br /><span class="helptext">100 characters max.</span></td></tr>
<tr><th>Message:</th><td><input type="text" name="message" required /></td></tr>
<tr><th>Sender:</th><td><input type="email" name="sender" required /><br />A valid email address, please.</td></tr>
<tr><th>Cc myself:</th><td><input type="checkbox" name="cc_myself" /></td></tr>
>>> print(f.as_ul()))
<li>Subject: <input type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" required /> <span class="helptext">100 characters max.</span></li>
<li>Message: <input type="text" name="message" required /></li>
<li>Sender: <input type="email" name="sender" required /> A valid email address, please.</li>
<li>Cc myself: <input type="checkbox" name="cc_myself" /></li>
>>> print(f.as_p())
<p>Subject: <input type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" required /> <span class="helptext">100 characters max.</span></p>
<p>Message: <input type="text" name="message" required /></p>
<p>Sender: <input type="email" name="sender" required /> A valid email address, please.</p>
<p>Cc myself: <input type="checkbox" name="cc_myself" /></p>
```

### `error_messages`

#### `Field.error_messages`

The `error_messages` argument lets you override the default messages that the
field will raise. Pass in a dictionary with keys matching the error messages you
want to override. For example, here is the default error message:

```
>>> from django import forms
>>> generic = forms.CharField()
>>> generic.clean('')
Traceback (most recent call last):
  ...
ValidationError: ['This field is required.']
```

Dan ini adalah pesan kesalahan penyesuaian:

```
>>> name = forms.CharField(error_messages={'required': 'Please enter your name'})
>>> name.clean('')
Traceback (most recent call last):
  ...
ValidationError: ['Please enter your name']
```

In the [built-in Field classes](#built-in-field-classes) section below, each `Field` defines the
error message keys it uses.

### `validators`

#### `Field.validators`

Argumen `validators` membiarkan anda menyediakan daftar dari fungsi pengecekan untuk bidang ini.

Lihat [validators documentation](/id/1.10/ref/validators/) untuk informasi lebih.

### `localize`

#### `Field.localize`

The `localize` argument enables the localization of form data input, as well
as the rendered output.

Lihat dokuemntasi [format localization](/id/1.10/topics/i18n/formatting/) untuk informasi lebih.

### `disabled`

#### `Field.disabled`

> **New in Django 1.9**

The `disabled` boolean argument, when set to `True`, disables a form field
using the `disabled` HTML attribute so that it won't be editable by users.
Even if a user tampers with the field's value submitted to the server, it will
be ignored in favor of the value from the form's initial data.

## Memeriksa jika data bidang telah berubah

### `has_changed()`

#### `Field.has_changed()`

The `has_changed()` method is used to determine if the field value has changed
from the initial value. Returns `True` or `False`.

Lihat dokumentasi [`Form.has_changed()`](/id/1.10/ref/forms/api/#django.forms.Form.has_changed) untuk informasi lebih.

## Built-in `Field` classes

Naturally, the `forms` library comes with a set of `Field` classes that
represent common validation needs. This section documents each built-in field.

For each field, we describe the default widget used if you don't specify
`widget`. We also specify the value returned when you provide an empty value
(see the section on `required` above to understand what that means).

### `BooleanField`

#### `class BooleanField(**kwargs)`

- Widget awal: [`CheckboxInput`](/id/1.10/ref/forms/widgets/#django.forms.CheckboxInput)
- Nilai kosong: `False`
- Normalizes to: A Python `True` or `False` value.
- Validates that the value is `True` (e.g. the check box is checked) if
  the field has `required=True`.
- Kunci pesan kesalahan: `required`

> **Note**
>
> Since all `Field` subclasses have `required=True` by default, the
> validation condition here is important. If you want to include a boolean
> in your form that can be either `True` or `False` (e.g. a checked or
> unchecked checkbox), you must remember to pass in `required=False` when
> creating the `BooleanField`.

### `CharField`

#### `class CharField(**kwargs)`

- Widget awal: [`TextInput`](/id/1.10/ref/forms/widgets/#django.forms.TextInput)
- Nilai kosong: `''` (sebuah deretan karakter kosong)
- Normalizes to: A Unicode object.
- Mensahkan `max_length` atau `min_length`, jika mereka disediakan. Jika tidak, semua masukan adalah sah.
- Error message keys: `required`, `max_length`, `min_length`

Has three optional arguments for validation:

#### `max_length`

#### `min_length`

If provided, these arguments ensure that the string is at most or at least
the given length.

#### `strip`

> **New in Django 1.9**

Jika `True` (awalan), nilai akan dilucuti dari terkemuka dan buntutan ruang kosong.

### `ChoiceField`

#### `class ChoiceField(**kwargs)`

- Default widget: [`Select`](/id/1.10/ref/forms/widgets/#django.forms.Select)
- Nilai kosong: `''` (sebuah deretan karakter kosong)
- Normalizes to: A Unicode object.
- Validates that the given value exists in the list of choices.
- Error message keys: `required`, `invalid_choice`

The `invalid_choice` error message may contain `%(value)s`, which will be
replaced with the selected choice.

Takes one extra required argument:

#### `choices`

Either an iterable (e.g., a list or tuple) of 2-tuples to use as
choices for this field, or a callable that returns such an iterable.
This argument accepts the same formats as the `choices` argument to a
model field. See the [model field reference documentation on
choices](/id/1.10/ref/models/fields/#field-choices) for more details. If the argument is a
callable, it is evaluated each time the field's form is initialized.

### `TypedChoiceField`

#### `class TypedChoiceField(**kwargs)`

Just like a [`ChoiceField`](#django.forms.ChoiceField), except [`TypedChoiceField`](#django.forms.TypedChoiceField) takes two
extra arguments, [`coerce`](#django.forms.TypedChoiceField.coerce) and [`empty_value`](#django.forms.TypedChoiceField.empty_value).

- Default widget: [`Select`](/id/1.10/ref/forms/widgets/#django.forms.Select)
- Empty value: Whatever you've given as [`empty_value`](#django.forms.TypedChoiceField.empty_value).
- Normalizes to: A value of the type provided by the [`coerce`](#django.forms.TypedChoiceField.coerce)
  argument.
- Validates that the given value exists in the list of choices and can be
  coerced.
- Error message keys: `required`, `invalid_choice`

Mengambil argumen tambahan:

#### `coerce`

A function that takes one argument and returns a coerced value. Examples
include the built-in `int`, `float`, `bool` and other types. Defaults
to an identity function. Note that coercion happens after input
validation, so it is possible to coerce to a value not present in
`choices`.

#### `empty_value`

The value to use to represent "empty." Defaults to the empty string;
`None` is another common choice here. Note that this value will not be
coerced by the function given in the `coerce` argument, so choose it
accordingly.

### `DateField`

#### `class DateField(**kwargs)`

- Widget awal: [`DateInput`](/id/1.10/ref/forms/widgets/#django.forms.DateInput)
- Nilai kosong: `None`
- Normalizes to: A Python `datetime.date` object.
- Validates that the given value is either a `datetime.date`,
  `datetime.datetime` or string formatted in a particular date format.
- Error message keys: `required`, `invalid`

Takes one optional argument:

#### `input_formats`

A list of formats used to attempt to convert a string to a valid
`datetime.date` object.

If no `input_formats` argument is provided, the default input formats are:

```
['%Y-%m-%d',      # '2006-10-25'
 '%m/%d/%Y',      # '10/25/2006'
 '%m/%d/%y']      # '10/25/06'
```

Additionally, if you specify [`USE_L10N=False`](/id/1.10/ref/settings/#std-setting-USE_L10N) in your settings, the
following will also be included in the default input formats:

```
['%b %d %Y',      # 'Oct 25 2006'
 '%b %d, %Y',     # 'Oct 25, 2006'
 '%d %b %Y',      # '25 Oct 2006'
 '%d %b, %Y',     # '25 Oct, 2006'
 '%B %d %Y',      # 'October 25 2006'
 '%B %d, %Y',     # 'October 25, 2006'
 '%d %B %Y',      # '25 October 2006'
 '%d %B, %Y']     # '25 October, 2006'
```

Lihat juga [format localization](/id/1.10/topics/i18n/formatting/).

### `DateTimeField`

#### `class DateTimeField(**kwargs)`

- Widget awal: [`DateTimeInput`](/id/1.10/ref/forms/widgets/#django.forms.DateTimeInput)
- Nilai kosong: `None`
- Normalizes to: A Python `datetime.datetime` object.
- Validates that the given value is either a `datetime.datetime`,
  `datetime.date` or string formatted in a particular datetime format.
- Error message keys: `required`, `invalid`

Takes one optional argument:

#### `input_formats`

A list of formats used to attempt to convert a string to a valid
`datetime.datetime` object.

If no `input_formats` argument is provided, the default input formats are:

```
['%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S',    # '2006-10-25 14:30:59'
 '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M',       # '2006-10-25 14:30'
 '%Y-%m-%d',             # '2006-10-25'
 '%m/%d/%Y %H:%M:%S',    # '10/25/2006 14:30:59'
 '%m/%d/%Y %H:%M',       # '10/25/2006 14:30'
 '%m/%d/%Y',             # '10/25/2006'
 '%m/%d/%y %H:%M:%S',    # '10/25/06 14:30:59'
 '%m/%d/%y %H:%M',       # '10/25/06 14:30'
 '%m/%d/%y']             # '10/25/06'
```

Lihat juga [format localization](/id/1.10/topics/i18n/formatting/).

### `DecimalField`

#### `class DecimalField(**kwargs)`

- Default widget: [`NumberInput`](/id/1.10/ref/forms/widgets/#django.forms.NumberInput) when [`Field.localize`](#django.forms.Field.localize) is
  `False`, else [`TextInput`](/id/1.10/ref/forms/widgets/#django.forms.TextInput).
- Nilai kosong: `None`
- Normalizes to: A Python `decimal`.
- Pengesahan yang nilai yang diberikan adalah desimal. Terkemuka dan buntutan ruang kosong diabaikan.
- Error message keys: `required`, `invalid`, `max_value`,
  `min_value`, `max_digits`, `max_decimal_places`,
  `max_whole_digits`

The `max_value` and `min_value` error messages may contain
`%(limit_value)s`, which will be substituted by the appropriate limit.
Similarly, the `max_digits`, `max_decimal_places` and
`max_whole_digits` error messages may contain `%(max)s`.

Mengambil empat argumen pilihan:

#### `max_value`

#### `min_value`

Ini mengendalikan jangkauan nilai yang diizinkan dalam bidang, dan harus diberikan sebagai nilai `decimal.Decimal`.

#### `max_digits`

The maximum number of digits (those before the decimal point plus those
after the decimal point, with leading zeros stripped) permitted in the
value.

#### `decimal_places`

Angka maksimal dari tempat desimal yang diizinkan.

### `DurationField`

#### `class DurationField(**kwargs)`

- Widget awal: [`TextInput`](/id/1.10/ref/forms/widgets/#django.forms.TextInput)
- Nilai kosong: `None`
- Normalizes to: A Python [`timedelta`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/datetime.html#datetime.timedelta).
- Validates that the given value is a string which can be converted into a
  `timedelta`.
- Kunci pesan kesalahan: `required`, `invalid`.

Accepts any format understood by
[`parse_duration()`](/id/1.10/ref/utils/#django.utils.dateparse.parse_duration).

### `EmailField`

#### `class EmailField(**kwargs)`

- Widget awal: [`EmailInput`](/id/1.10/ref/forms/widgets/#django.forms.EmailInput)
- Nilai kosong: `''` (sebuah deretan karakter kosong)
- Normalizes to: A Unicode object.
- Validates that the given value is a valid email address, using a
  moderately complex regular expression.
- Error message keys: `required`, `invalid`

Has two optional arguments for validation, `max_length` and `min_length`.
If provided, these arguments ensure that the string is at most or at least the
given length.

### `FileField`

#### `class FileField(**kwargs)`

- Widget awal: [`ClearableFileInput`](/id/1.10/ref/forms/widgets/#django.forms.ClearableFileInput)
- Nilai kosong: `None`
- Normalizes to: An `UploadedFile` object that wraps the file content
  and file name into a single object.
- Can validate that non-empty file data has been bound to the form.
- Kunci pesan kesalahan: `required`, `invalid`, `missing`, `empty`, `max_length`

Has two optional arguments for validation, `max_length` and
`allow_empty_file`. If provided, these ensure that the file name is at
most the given length, and that validation will succeed even if the file
content is empty.

To learn more about the `UploadedFile` object, see the [file uploads
documentation](/id/1.10/topics/http/file-uploads/).

When you use a `FileField` in a form, you must also remember to
[bind the file data to the form](/id/1.10/ref/forms/api/#binding-uploaded-files).

The `max_length` error refers to the length of the filename. In the error
message for that key, `%(max)d` will be replaced with the maximum filename
length and `%(length)d` will be replaced with the current filename length.

### `FilePathField`

#### `class FilePathField(**kwargs)`

- Default widget: [`Select`](/id/1.10/ref/forms/widgets/#django.forms.Select)
- Nilai kosong: `None`
- Normalizes to: A unicode object
- Validates that the selected choice exists in the list of choices.
- Error message keys: `required`, `invalid_choice`

The field allows choosing from files inside a certain directory. It takes five
extra arguments; only `path` is required:

#### `path`

Jalur mutlak ke pelipat yang isinya anda ingin daftarkan. Pelipat harus ada.

#### `recursive`

If `False` (the default) only the direct contents of `path` will be
offered as choices. If `True`, the directory will be descended into
recursively and all descendants will be listed as choices.

#### `match`

A regular expression pattern; only files with names matching this expression
will be allowed as choices.

#### `allow_files`

Optional.  Either `True` or `False`.  Default is `True`.  Specifies
whether files in the specified location should be included.  Either this or
[`allow_folders`](#django.forms.FilePathField.allow_folders) must be `True`.

#### `allow_folders`

Optional.  Either `True` or `False`.  Default is `False`.  Specifies
whether folders in the specified location should be included.  Either this or
[`allow_files`](#django.forms.FilePathField.allow_files) must be `True`.

### `FloatField`

#### `class FloatField(**kwargs)`

- Default widget: [`NumberInput`](/id/1.10/ref/forms/widgets/#django.forms.NumberInput) when [`Field.localize`](#django.forms.Field.localize) is
  `False`, else [`TextInput`](/id/1.10/ref/forms/widgets/#django.forms.TextInput).
- Nilai kosong: `None`
- Normalizes to: A Python float.
- Pengesahan yang nilai diberikan adalah float. Terkemuka dan buntutan ruang kosong adalah diizinkan, seperti di fungsi `float()` Python.
- Kunci pesan kesalahan: `required`, `invalid`, `max_value`, `min_value`

Takes two optional arguments for validation, `max_value` and `min_value`.
These control the range of values permitted in the field.

### `ImageField`

#### `class ImageField(**kwargs)`

- Widget awal: [`ClearableFileInput`](/id/1.10/ref/forms/widgets/#django.forms.ClearableFileInput)
- Nilai kosong: `None`
- Normalizes to: An `UploadedFile` object that wraps the file content
  and file name into a single object.
- Validates that file data has been bound to the form, and that the
  file is of an image format understood by Pillow.
- Kunci pesan kesalahan: `required`, `invalid`, `missing`, `empty`, `invalid_image`

Using an `ImageField` requires that [Pillow](https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/latest/) is installed with support
for the image formats you use. If you encounter a `corrupt image` error
when you upload an image, it usually means that Pillow doesn't understand
its format. To fix this, install the appropriate library and reinstall
Pillow.

When you use an `ImageField` on a form, you must also remember to
[bind the file data to the form](/id/1.10/ref/forms/api/#binding-uploaded-files).

After the field has been cleaned and validated, the `UploadedFile`
object will have an additional `image` attribute containing the Pillow
[Image](https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/latest/reference/Image.html) instance used to check if the file was a valid image. Also,
`UploadedFile.content_type` will be updated with the image's content type
if Pillow can determine it, otherwise it will be set to `None`.

### `IntegerField`

#### `class IntegerField(**kwargs)`

- Default widget: [`NumberInput`](/id/1.10/ref/forms/widgets/#django.forms.NumberInput) when [`Field.localize`](#django.forms.Field.localize) is
  `False`, else [`TextInput`](/id/1.10/ref/forms/widgets/#django.forms.TextInput).
- Nilai kosong: `None`
- Normalizes to: A Python integer or long integer.
- Pengesahan yang nilai diberikan adalah integer. Terkemuka dan buntutan ruang kosong adalah diizinkan, seperti di fungsi `int()` Python.
- Kunci pesan kesalahan: `required`, `invalid`, `max_value`, `min_value`

The `max_value` and `min_value` error messages may contain
`%(limit_value)s`, which will be substituted by the appropriate limit.

Mengambil dua argumen pilihan untuk pengesahan:

#### `max_value`

#### `min_value`

Ini mengendalikan jangkauan nilai yang diizinkan di bidang.

### `GenericIPAddressField`

#### `class GenericIPAddressField(**kwargs)`

Bidang mengandung antara alamat IPv4 atau IPv6.

- Widget awal: [`TextInput`](/id/1.10/ref/forms/widgets/#django.forms.TextInput)
- Nilai kosong: `''` (sebuah deretan karakter kosong)
- Normalizes to: A Unicode object. IPv6 addresses are
  normalized as described below.
- Mensahkan bahwa nilai yang diberikan adalah alamat IP sah.
- Error message keys: `required`, `invalid`

The IPv6 address normalization follows [**RFC 4291 Section 2.2**](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4291.html#section-2.2) section 2.2,
including using the IPv4 format suggested in paragraph 3 of that section, like
`::ffff:192.0.2.0`. For example, `2001:0::0:01` would be normalized to
`2001::1`, and `::ffff:0a0a:0a0a` to `::ffff:10.10.10.10`. All characters
are converted to lowercase.

Mengambil dua argumen pilihan:

#### `protocol`

Limits valid inputs to the specified protocol.
Accepted values are `both` (default), `IPv4`
or `IPv6`. Matching is case insensitive.

#### `unpack_ipv4`

Unpacks IPv4 mapped addresses like `::ffff:192.0.2.1`.
If this option is enabled that address would be unpacked to
`192.0.2.1`. Default is disabled. Can only be used
when `protocol` is set to `'both'`.

### `MultipleChoiceField`

#### `class MultipleChoiceField(**kwargs)`

- Widget awal: [`SelectMultiple`](/id/1.10/ref/forms/widgets/#django.forms.SelectMultiple)
- Nilai kosong: `[]` (sebuah deretan karakter kosong)
- Normalizes to: A list of Unicode objects.
- Mensahkan bahwa nilai di daftar yang diberikan dari nilai yang ada di daftar pilihan.
- Kunci pesan kesalahan: `required`, `invalid`, `invalid_list`

The `invalid_choice` error message may contain `%(value)s`, which will be
replaced with the selected choice.

Mengambil satu tambahan argumen wajib, `choices`, tentang [`ChoiceField`](#django.forms.ChoiceField).

### `TypedMultipleChoiceField`

#### `class TypedMultipleChoiceField(**kwargs)`

Just like a [`MultipleChoiceField`](#django.forms.MultipleChoiceField), except [`TypedMultipleChoiceField`](#django.forms.TypedMultipleChoiceField)
takes two extra arguments, `coerce` and `empty_value`.

- Widget awal: [`SelectMultiple`](/id/1.10/ref/forms/widgets/#django.forms.SelectMultiple)
- Empty value: Whatever you've given as `empty_value`
- Normalizes to: A list of values of the type provided by the `coerce`
  argument.
- Validates that the given values exists in the list of choices and can be
  coerced.
- Error message keys: `required`, `invalid_choice`

The `invalid_choice` error message may contain `%(value)s`, which will be
replaced with the selected choice.

Takes two extra arguments, `coerce` and `empty_value`, as for
[`TypedChoiceField`](#django.forms.TypedChoiceField).

### `NullBooleanField`

#### `class NullBooleanField(**kwargs)`

- Widget awal: :class:`` `TypedMultipleChoiceField` ``
- Nilai kosong: `None`
- Normalizes to: A Python `True`, `False` or `None` value.
- Validates nothing (i.e., it never raises a `ValidationError`).

### `RegexField`

#### `class RegexField(**kwargs)`

- Widget awal: [`TextInput`](/id/1.10/ref/forms/widgets/#django.forms.TextInput)
- Nilai kosong: `''` (sebuah deretan karakter kosong)
- Normalizes to: A Unicode object.
- Validates that the given value matches against a certain regular
  expression.
- Error message keys: `required`, `invalid`

Mengambil satu argumen diwajibkan:

#### `regex`

A regular expression specified either as a string or a compiled regular
expression object.

Also takes `max_length`, `min_length`, and `strip`, which work just
as they do for [`CharField`](#django.forms.CharField).

#### `strip`

> **New in Django 1.9**

Defaults to `False`. If enabled, stripping will be applied before the
regex validation.

### `SlugField`

#### `class SlugField(**kwargs)`

- Widget awal: [`TextInput`](/id/1.10/ref/forms/widgets/#django.forms.TextInput)
- Nilai kosong: `''` (sebuah deretan karakter kosong)
- Normalizes to: A Unicode object.
- Validates that the given value contains only letters, numbers,
  underscores, and hyphens.
- Pesan kesalahan: `required`, `invalid`.

Bidang ini dimaksudkan untuk digunakan dalam mewakilkan model [`SlugField`](/id/1.10/ref/models/fields/#django.db.models.SlugField) di formulir.

Mengambil sebuah parameter pilihan:

#### `allow_unicode`

> **New in Django 1.9**

A boolean instructing the field to accept Unicode letters in addition
to ASCII letters. Defaults to `False`.

### `TimeField`

#### `class TimeField(**kwargs)`

- Widget awal: [`TextInput`](/id/1.10/ref/forms/widgets/#django.forms.TextInput)
- Nilai kosong: `None`
- Normalizes to: A Python `datetime.time` object.
- Validates that the given value is either a `datetime.time` or string
  formatted in a particular time format.
- Error message keys: `required`, `invalid`

Takes one optional argument:

#### `input_formats`

A list of formats used to attempt to convert a string to a valid
`datetime.time` object.

If no `input_formats` argument is provided, the default input formats are:

```
'%H:%M:%S',     # '14:30:59'
'%H:%M',        # '14:30'
```

### `URLField`

#### `class URLField(**kwargs)`

- Widget awal: [`URLInput`](/id/1.10/ref/forms/widgets/#django.forms.URLInput)
- Nilai kosong: `''` (sebuah deretan karakter kosong)
- Normalizes to: A Unicode object.
- Mensahkan bahwa nilai yang diberikan adalah URL sah.
- Error message keys: `required`, `invalid`

Mengambil argumen pilihan berikut:

#### `max_length`

#### `min_length`

Ini adalah sama seperti `CharField.max_length` dan `CharField.min_length`.

### `UUIDField`

#### `class UUIDField(**kwargs)`

- Widget awal: [`TextInput`](/id/1.10/ref/forms/widgets/#django.forms.TextInput)
- Nilai kosong: `''` (sebuah deretan karakter kosong)
- Normalizes to: A [`UUID`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/uuid.html#uuid.UUID) object.
- Error message keys: `required`, `invalid`

This field will accept any string format accepted as the `hex` argument
to the [`UUID`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/uuid.html#uuid.UUID) constructor.

## Slightly complex built-in `Field` classes

### `ComboField`

#### `class ComboField(**kwargs)`

- Widget awal: [`TextInput`](/id/1.10/ref/forms/widgets/#django.forms.TextInput)
- Nilai kosong: `''` (sebuah deretan karakter kosong)
- Normalizes to: A Unicode object.
- Validates the given value against each of the fields specified
  as an argument to the `ComboField`.
- Error message keys: `required`, `invalid`

Takes one extra required argument:

#### `fields`

The list of fields that should be used to validate the field's value (in
the order in which they are provided).

```
>>> from django.forms import ComboField
>>> f = ComboField(fields=[CharField(max_length=20), EmailField()])
>>> f.clean('test@example.com')
'test@example.com'
>>> f.clean('longemailaddress@example.com')
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ValidationError: ['Ensure this value has at most 20 characters (it has 28).']
```

### `MultiValueField`

#### `class MultiValueField(fields=(), **kwargs)`

- Widget awal: [`TextInput`](/id/1.10/ref/forms/widgets/#django.forms.TextInput)
- Nilai kosong: `''` (sebuah deretan karakter kosong)
- Normalizes to: the type returned by the `compress` method of the subclass.
- Validates the given value against each of the fields specified
  as an argument to the `MultiValueField`.
- Kunci pesan kesalahan: `required`, `invalid`, `incomplete`

Aggregates the logic of multiple fields that together produce a single
value.

This field is abstract and must be subclassed. In contrast with the
single-value fields, subclasses of [`MultiValueField`](#django.forms.MultiValueField) must not
implement [`clean()`](#django.forms.Field.clean) but instead - implement
[`compress()`](#django.forms.MultiValueField.compress).

Takes one extra required argument:

#### `fields`

A tuple of fields whose values are cleaned and subsequently combined
into a single value.  Each value of the field is cleaned by the
corresponding field in `fields` -- the first value is cleaned by the
first field, the second value is cleaned by the second field, etc.
Once all fields are cleaned, the list of clean values is combined into
a single value by [`compress()`](#django.forms.MultiValueField.compress).

Juga mengambil satu argumen pilihan tambahan:

#### `require_all_fields`

Defaults to `True`, in which case a `required` validation error
will be raised if no value is supplied for any field.

When set to `False`, the [`Field.required`](#django.forms.Field.required) attribute can be set
to `False` for individual fields to make them optional. If no value
is supplied for a required field, an `incomplete` validation error
will be raised.

A default `incomplete` error message can be defined on the
[`MultiValueField`](#django.forms.MultiValueField) subclass, or different messages can be defined
on each individual field. For example:

```
from django.core.validators import RegexValidator

class PhoneField(MultiValueField):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        # Define one message for all fields.
        error_messages = {
            'incomplete': 'Enter a country calling code and a phone number.',
        }
        # Or define a different message for each field.
        fields = (
            CharField(
                error_messages={'incomplete': 'Enter a country calling code.'},
                validators=[
                    RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', 'Enter a valid country calling code.'),
                ],
            ),
            CharField(
                error_messages={'incomplete': 'Enter a phone number.'},
                validators=[RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', 'Enter a valid phone number.')],
            ),
            CharField(
                validators=[RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', 'Enter a valid extension.')],
                required=False,
            ),
        )
        super(PhoneField, self).__init__(
            error_messages=error_messages, fields=fields,
            require_all_fields=False, *args, **kwargs
        )
```

#### `widget`

Must be a subclass of [`django.forms.MultiWidget`](/id/1.10/ref/forms/widgets/#django.forms.MultiWidget).
Default value is [`TextInput`](/id/1.10/ref/forms/widgets/#django.forms.TextInput), which
probably is not very useful in this case.

#### `compress(data_list)`

Takes a list of valid values and returns  a "compressed" version of
those values -- in a single value. For example,
[`SplitDateTimeField`](#django.forms.SplitDateTimeField) is a subclass which combines a time field
and a date field into a `datetime` object.

Cara ini harus diterapkan di subkelas.

### `SplitDateTimeField`

#### `class SplitDateTimeField(**kwargs)`

- Widget awal: [`SplitDateTimeWidget`](/id/1.10/ref/forms/widgets/#django.forms.SplitDateTimeWidget)
- Nilai kosong: `None`
- Normalizes to: A Python `datetime.datetime` object.
- Validates that the given value is a `datetime.datetime` or string
  formatted in a particular datetime format.
- Kunci pesan kesalahan: `required`, `invalid`, `invalid_date`, `invalid_time`

Mengambil dua argumen pilihan:

#### `input_date_formats`

A list of formats used to attempt to convert a string to a valid
`datetime.date` object.

If no `input_date_formats` argument is provided, the default input formats
for [`DateField`](#django.forms.DateField) are used.

#### `input_time_formats`

A list of formats used to attempt to convert a string to a valid
`datetime.time` object.

If no `input_time_formats` argument is provided, the default input formats
for [`TimeField`](#django.forms.TimeField) are used.

## Fields which handle relationships

Two fields are available for representing relationships between
models: [`ModelChoiceField`](#django.forms.ModelChoiceField) and
[`ModelMultipleChoiceField`](#django.forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField).  Both of these fields require a
single `queryset` parameter that is used to create the choices for
the field.  Upon form validation, these fields will place either one
model object (in the case of `ModelChoiceField`) or multiple model
objects (in the case of `ModelMultipleChoiceField`) into the
`cleaned_data` dictionary of the form.

For more complex uses, you can specify `queryset=None` when declaring the
form field and then populate the `queryset` in the form's `__init__()`
method:

```
class FooMultipleChoiceForm(forms.Form):
    foo_select = forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField(queryset=None)

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(FooMultipleChoiceForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.fields['foo_select'].queryset = ...
```

### `ModelChoiceField`

#### `class ModelChoiceField(**kwargs)`

- Default widget: [`Select`](/id/1.10/ref/forms/widgets/#django.forms.Select)
- Nilai kosong: `None`
- Normalizes to: A model instance.
- Validates that the given id exists in the queryset.
- Error message keys: `required`, `invalid_choice`

Allows the selection of a single model object, suitable for representing a
foreign key. Note that the default widget for `ModelChoiceField` becomes
impractical when the number of entries increases. You should avoid using it
for more than 100 items.

Argumen tunggal dibutuhkan:

#### `queryset`

A `QuerySet` of model objects from which the choices for the
field will be derived, and which will be used to validate the
user's selection.

`ModelChoiceField` juga mengambil dua argumen pilihan:

#### `empty_label`

By default the `<select>` widget used by `ModelChoiceField` will have an
empty choice at the top of the list. You can change the text of this
label (which is `"---------"` by default) with the `empty_label`
attribute, or you can disable the empty label entirely by setting
`empty_label` to `None`:

```
# A custom empty label
field1 = forms.ModelChoiceField(queryset=..., empty_label="(Nothing)")

# No empty label
field2 = forms.ModelChoiceField(queryset=..., empty_label=None)
```

Note that if a `ModelChoiceField` is required and has a default
initial value, no empty choice is created (regardless of the value
of `empty_label`).

#### `to_field_name`

This optional argument is used to specify the field to use as the value
of the choices in the field's widget. Be sure it's a unique field for
the model, otherwise the selected value could match more than one
object. By default it is set to `None`, in which case the primary key
of each object will be used. For example:

```
# No custom to_field_name
field1 = forms.ModelChoiceField(queryset=...)
```

akan menghasilkan:

```html
<select id="id_field1" name="field1">
<option value="obj1.pk">Object1</option>
<option value="obj2.pk">Object2</option>
...
</select>
```

dan:

```
# to_field_name provided
field2 = forms.ModelChoiceField(queryset=..., to_field_name="name")
```

akan menghasilkan:

```html
<select id="id_field2" name="field2">
<option value="obj1.name">Object1</option>
<option value="obj2.name">Object2</option>
...
</select>
```

The `__str__` (`__unicode__` on Python 2) method of the model will be
called to generate string representations of the objects for use in the
field's choices; to provide customized representations, subclass
`ModelChoiceField` and override `label_from_instance`. This method will
receive a model object, and should return a string suitable for representing
it. For example:

```
from django.forms import ModelChoiceField

class MyModelChoiceField(ModelChoiceField):
    def label_from_instance(self, obj):
        return "My Object #%i" % obj.id
```

### `ModelMultipleChoiceField`

#### `class ModelMultipleChoiceField(**kwargs)`

- Widget awal: [`SelectMultiple`](/id/1.10/ref/forms/widgets/#django.forms.SelectMultiple)
- Empty value: An empty `QuerySet` (self.queryset.none())
- Normalizes to: A `QuerySet` of model instances.
- Validates that every id in the given list of values exists in the
  queryset.
- Error message keys: `required`, `list`, `invalid_choice`,
  `invalid_pk_value`

The `invalid_choice` message may contain `%(value)s` and the
`invalid_pk_value` message may contain `%(pk)s`, which will be
substituted by the appropriate values.

Allows the selection of one or more model objects, suitable for
representing a many-to-many relation. As with [`ModelChoiceField`](#django.forms.ModelChoiceField),
you can use `label_from_instance` to customize the object
representations.

Argumen tunggal dibutuhkan:

#### `queryset`

Sama seperti [`ModelChoiceField.queryset`](#django.forms.ModelChoiceField.queryset).

Takes one optional argument:

#### `to_field_name`

Sama seperti [`ModelChoiceField.to_field_name`](#django.forms.ModelChoiceField.to_field_name).

## Membuat bidang penyesuaian

If the built-in `Field` classes don't meet your needs, you can easily create
custom `Field` classes. To do this, just create a subclass of
`django.forms.Field`. Its only requirements are that it implement a
`clean()` method and that its `__init__()` method accept the core arguments
mentioned above (`required`, `label`, `initial`, `widget`,
`help_text`).

Anda dapat juga menyesuaikan bagaimana bidang akan diakses dengan mengesampingkan [`get_bound_field()`](/id/1.10/ref/forms/api/#django.forms.Field.get_bound_field).