{"title":"Réimsí samhlacha sonracha PostgreSQL","version":"6.1","locale":"ga","docname":"ref/contrib/postgres/fields","url":"/ga/6.1/ref/contrib/postgres/fields/","canonical":"https://djangodocs.dev/ga/6.1/ref/contrib/postgres/fields/","summary":"Tá na réimsí seo go léir ar fáil ón modúl django.contrib.postgres.fields. Index and Field.db_index both create a B-tree index, which isn't particularly…","html":"

Réimsí samhlacha sonracha PostgreSQLLink to this heading#

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Tá na réimsí seo go léir ar fáil ón modúl django.contrib.postgres.fields.

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Na réimsí seo a innéacsúLink to this heading#

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Index and Field.db_index both create a\nB-tree index, which isn't particularly helpful when querying complex data\ntypes. Indexes such as GinIndex and\nGistIndex are better suited, though\nthe index choice is dependent on the queries that you're using. Generally, GiST\nmay be a good choice for the range fields and\nHStoreField, and GIN may be helpful for ArrayField.

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ArrayfieldLink to this heading#

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\nclass ArrayField(base_field, size=None, **options)Link to this definition#
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Réimse chun liostaí sonraí a stóráil. <ArrayField.base_field>Is féidir an chuid is mó de na cineálacha réimse a úsáid, agus téann tú sampla réimse eile mar an:attr: base_field `. <ArrayField.size>Féadfaidh tú a: attr: `size `a shonrú freisin. Is féidir ``Arrayfield` a neadadh chun eagair ilthoiseach a stóráil.

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Má thugann tú an réimse a:attr: ~django.db.models.field.default, déan cinnte go bhfuil sé inghlaonta mar liost` (le haghaidh réamhshocraithe folamh) nó inghlaonta a thugann liosta (mar shampla feidhm). Trí úsáid mícheart default= [] ``cruthaíonn réamhshocrú inathraithe a roinntear idir gach cás de ``ArrayField.

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\nbase_fieldLink to this definition#
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Is argóint riachtanach é seo.

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Specifies the underlying data type and behavior for the array. It\nshould be an instance of a subclass of\nField. For example, it could be an\nIntegerField or a\nCharField. Most field types are permitted,\nwith the exception of those handling relational data\n(ForeignKey,\nOneToOneField and\nManyToManyField) and file fields\n(FileField and\nImageField).

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Is féidir réimsí eagar a neadú - is féidir leat sampla de Arrayfield a shonrú mar an base_field. Mar shampla:

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Code
from django.contrib.postgres.fields import ArrayField\nfrom django.db import models\n\n\nclass ChessBoard(models.Model):\n    board = ArrayField(\n        ArrayField(\n            models.CharField(max_length=10, blank=True),\n            size=8,\n        ),\n        size=8,\n    )\n
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Tarmligtear claochlú luachanna idir an bunachar sonraí agus an tsamhail, bailíochtú sonraí agus cumraíocht, agus sraitheadh go léir chuig an réimse bunúsach.

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\nsizeLink to this definition#
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Is argóint roghnach é seo.

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Má tá sé á rith, beidh uasmhéid ag an eagar mar a shonraítear. Cuirfear é seo ar aghaidh chuig an mbunachar sonraí, cé nach bhforfheidhmíonn PostgreSQL an srian faoi láthair.

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Ag fiosrú ArrayfieldLink to this heading#

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Tá roinnt cuardaigh agus claochruithe saincheaptha ann le haghaidh: class: ArrayField. Úsáidfimid an tsamhail sampla seo a leanas:

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Code
from django.contrib.postgres.fields import ArrayField\nfrom django.db import models\n\n\nclass Post(models.Model):\n    name = models.CharField(max_length=200)\n    tags = ArrayField(models.CharField(max_length=200), blank=True)\n\n    def __str__(self):\n        return self.name\n
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CoimeádLink to this heading#

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Cuirtear an cuardach: lookup: contains ar: class: ArrayField. Is iad na rudaí a chuirtear ar ais iad siúd ina bhfo-thacar de na sonraí iad na luachanna a rith. Úsáideann sé an oibreoir SQL ``@> ``. Mar shampla:

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Python console
>>> Post.objects.create(name="First post", tags=["thoughts", "django"])\n>>> Post.objects.create(name="Second post", tags=["thoughts"])\n>>> Post.objects.create(name="Third post", tags=["tutorial", "django"])\n\n>>> Post.objects.filter(tags__contains=["thoughts"])\n<QuerySet [<Post: First post>, <Post: Second post>]>\n\n>>> Post.objects.filter(tags__contains=["django"])\n<QuerySet [<Post: First post>, <Post: Third post>]>\n\n>>> Post.objects.filter(tags__contains=["django", "thoughts"])\n<QuerySet [<Post: First post>]>\n
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coinneáilteo_agLink to this heading#

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Is é seo an inbhéar den chuardach: lookup: conté <arrayfield.contains>- is iad na rudaí a chuirtear ar ais iad na rudaí ina bhfo-thacar de na luachanna a rith iad na sonraí. Úsáideann sé an oibreoir SQL <@. Mar shampla:

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Python console
>>> Post.objects.create(name="First post", tags=["thoughts", "django"])\n>>> Post.objects.create(name="Second post", tags=["thoughts"])\n>>> Post.objects.create(name="Third post", tags=["tutorial", "django"])\n\n>>> Post.objects.filter(tags__contained_by=["thoughts", "django"])\n<QuerySet [<Post: First post>, <Post: Second post>]>\n\n>>> Post.objects.filter(tags__contained_by=["thoughts", "django", "tutorial"])\n<QuerySet [<Post: First post>, <Post: Second post>, <Post: Third post>]>\n
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`overlapLink to this heading#

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Tugann rudaí ar ais ina roinneann na sonraí aon torthaí leis na luachanna a rith. Úsáideann an t-oibreoir SQL &&. Mar shampla:

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Python console
>>> Post.objects.create(name="First post", tags=["thoughts", "django"])\n>>> Post.objects.create(name="Second post", tags=["thoughts", "tutorial"])\n>>> Post.objects.create(name="Third post", tags=["tutorial", "django"])\n\n>>> Post.objects.filter(tags__overlap=["thoughts"])\n<QuerySet [<Post: First post>, <Post: Second post>]>\n\n>>> Post.objects.filter(tags__overlap=["thoughts", "tutorial"])\n<QuerySet [<Post: First post>, <Post: Second post>, <Post: Third post>]>\n\n>>> Post.objects.filter(tags__overlap=Post.objects.values_list("tags"))\n<QuerySet [<Post: First post>, <Post: Second post>, <Post: Third post>]>\n
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`lenLink to this heading#

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Tugann sé ar ais fad an tsraith. Is iad na cuardaigh atá ar fáil ina dhiaidh sin iad siúd atá ar fáil dó:class: ~Django.db.Models.IntegerField. Mar shampla:

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Python console
>>> Post.objects.create(name="First post", tags=["thoughts", "django"])\n>>> Post.objects.create(name="Second post", tags=["thoughts"])\n\n>>> Post.objects.filter(tags__len=1)\n<QuerySet [<Post: Second post>]>\n
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Athraíonn innéacsLink to this heading#

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Athraíonn Innéacs innéacs isteach san eagar. Is féidir aon sláimhir neamh-dhiúltach a úsáid. Níl aon earráidí ann má sháraíonn sé an: attr: `méid <ArrayField.size>`den eagar. <ArrayField.base_field>Is iad na cuardaigh atá ar fáil tar éis an claochlú iad siúd ó:attr: `base_field `. Mar shampla:

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Python console
>>> Post.objects.create(name="First post", tags=["thoughts", "django"])\n>>> Post.objects.create(name="Second post", tags=["thoughts"])\n\n>>> Post.objects.filter(tags__0="thoughts")\n<QuerySet [<Post: First post>, <Post: Second post>]>\n\n>>> Post.objects.filter(tags__1__iexact="Django")\n<QuerySet [<Post: First post>]>\n\n>>> Post.objects.filter(tags__276="javascript")\n<QuerySet []>\n
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Athraitheann sliseannaLink to this heading#

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Tógann claochruithe slisní slisní slisní slisná den eagar. Is féidir aon dhá shláimhir neamh-dhiúltach a úsáid, scartha le béim amháin. Ní athraíonn na cuardaigh atá ar fáil tar éis an claochlú. Mar shampla:

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Python console
>>> Post.objects.create(name="First post", tags=["thoughts", "django"])\n>>> Post.objects.create(name="Second post", tags=["thoughts"])\n>>> Post.objects.create(name="Third post", tags=["django", "python", "thoughts"])\n\n>>> Post.objects.filter(tags__0_1=["thoughts"])\n<QuerySet [<Post: First post>, <Post: Second post>]>\n\n>>> Post.objects.filter(tags__0_2__contains=["thoughts"])\n<QuerySet [<Post: First post>, <Post: Second post>]>\n
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HStorefieldLink to this heading#

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\nclass HStoreField(**options)Link to this definition#
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Réimse chun péirí luacha eochair a stóráil. Is é dict an cineál sonraí Python a úsáidtear. Caithfidh eochracha a bheith ina teaghráin, agus d'fhéadfadh luachanna a bheith ina teaghráin nó neamhaill (``None ``i Python).

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Chun an réimse seo a úsáid, beidh ort:

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  1. Cuir django.contrib.postgres' i d:setting: INSTALLED_APPS.

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  2. Set up the hstore extension in\nPostgreSQL.

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Feicfidh tú earráid mar ``ní féidir an cineál 'dict' a oiriúnú má scipeann tú an chéad chéim, nó ```cineál “hstore” ann ``má scipeann tú an dara ceann.

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Ag fiosrú hStorefieldLink to this heading#

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Chomh maith leis an gcumas ceist a dhéanamh de réir eochair, tá roinnt cuardaigh saincheaptha ar fáil do ``hStorefield`.

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Úsáidfimid an tsamhail sampla seo a leanas:

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Code
from django.contrib.postgres.fields import HStoreField\nfrom django.db import models\n\n\nclass Dog(models.Model):\n    name = models.CharField(max_length=200)\n    data = HStoreField()\n\n    def __str__(self):\n        return self.name\n
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Cuardaigh eochairLink to this heading#

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Chun fiosrú bunaithe ar eochair ar leith, is féidir leat an eochair sin a úsáid mar ainm an chuardaigh:

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Python console
>>> Dog.objects.create(name="Rufus", data={"breed": "labrador"})\n>>> Dog.objects.create(name="Meg", data={"breed": "collie"})\n\n>>> Dog.objects.filter(data__breed="collie")\n<QuerySet [<Dog: Meg>]>\n
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Is féidir leat cuardaigh eile a shlánú tar éis na príomhchuardaigh:

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Python console
>>> Dog.objects.filter(data__breed__contains="l")\n<QuerySet [<Dog: Rufus>, <Dog: Meg>]>\n
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nó bain úsáid as abairtí ``F () ``chun príomhluach a anótáil. Mar shampla:

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Python console
>>> from django.db.models import F\n>>> rufus = Dog.objects.annotate(breed=F("data__breed"))[0]\n>>> rufus.breed\n'labrador'\n
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Má tá an eochair is mian leat a cheistiú trí chomhraic le hainm cuardaigh eile, ní mór duit an cuardach: lookup: hstorefield.contains a úsáid ina ionad.

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CoimeádLink to this heading#

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Cuirtear an cuardach: lookup: contains ar:class: ~django.contrib.postgres.fields.hStorefield. Is iad na rudaí a thugtar ar ais iad na rudaí ina bhfuil an dict tugtha de phéirí eochairluacha go léir sa réimse. Úsáideann sé an oibreoir SQL ``@> ``. Mar shampla:

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Python console
>>> Dog.objects.create(name="Rufus", data={"breed": "labrador", "owner": "Bob"})\n>>> Dog.objects.create(name="Meg", data={"breed": "collie", "owner": "Bob"})\n>>> Dog.objects.create(name="Fred", data={})\n\n>>> Dog.objects.filter(data__contains={"owner": "Bob"})\n<QuerySet [<Dog: Rufus>, <Dog: Meg>]>\n\n>>> Dog.objects.filter(data__contains={"breed": "collie"})\n<QuerySet [<Dog: Meg>]>\n
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coinneáilteo_agLink to this heading#

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Is é seo an inbhéar den chuardach: lookup: conté <hstorefield.contains>- is iad na rudaí a chuirtear ar ais iad na rudaí ina bhfuil na péirí luacha eochair ar an réad ina fho-thacar de na rudaí sa luach a rith. Úsáideann sé an oibreoir SQL <@. Mar shampla:

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Python console
>>> Dog.objects.create(name="Rufus", data={"breed": "labrador", "owner": "Bob"})\n>>> Dog.objects.create(name="Meg", data={"breed": "collie", "owner": "Bob"})\n>>> Dog.objects.create(name="Fred", data={})\n\n>>> Dog.objects.filter(data__contained_by={"breed": "collie", "owner": "Bob"})\n<QuerySet [<Dog: Meg>, <Dog: Fred>]>\n\n>>> Dog.objects.filter(data__contained_by={"breed": "collie"})\n<QuerySet [<Dog: Fred>]>\n
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a_eochairLink to this heading#

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Tugann sé rudaí ar ais ina bhfuil an eochair a thugtar sna sonraí. Úsáideann an t-oibreoir SQL ``? ``. Mar shampla:

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Python console
>>> Dog.objects.create(name="Rufus", data={"breed": "labrador"})\n>>> Dog.objects.create(name="Meg", data={"breed": "collie", "owner": "Bob"})\n\n>>> Dog.objects.filter(data__has_key="owner")\n<QuerySet [<Dog: Meg>]>\n
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`aon_eochairLink to this heading#

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Tugann sé rudaí ar ais ina bhfuil aon cheann de na heochracha a thugtar sna sonraí. Úsáideann an t-oibreoir SQL ? |. Mar shampla:

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Python console
>>> Dog.objects.create(name="Rufus", data={"breed": "labrador"})\n>>> Dog.objects.create(name="Meg", data={"owner": "Bob"})\n>>> Dog.objects.create(name="Fred", data={})\n\n>>> Dog.objects.filter(data__has_any_keys=["owner", "breed"])\n<QuerySet [<Dog: Rufus>, <Dog: Meg>]>\n
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hais_eochairLink to this heading#

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Tugann sé rudaí ar ais ina bhfuil na heochracha a thugtar go léir sna sonraí. Úsáideann an t-oibreoir SQL ``? & ``. Mar shampla:

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Python console
>>> Dog.objects.create(name="Rufus", data={})\n>>> Dog.objects.create(name="Meg", data={"breed": "collie", "owner": "Bob"})\n\n>>> Dog.objects.filter(data__has_keys=["breed", "owner"])\n<QuerySet [<Dog: Meg>]>\n
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``eochracha ``Link to this heading#

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Tugann sé rudaí ar ais ina bhfuil an raon eochracha an luach tugtha. Tabhair faoi deara nach ráthaítear go mbeidh an t-ordú iontaofa, mar sin tá an claochlú seo úsáideach go príomha le húsáid i gcomhar le cuardaigh ar:class: ~django.contrib.postgres.fields.arrayfield. Úsáideann sé an fheidhm SQL ``akeys () ``. Mar shampla:

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Python console
>>> Dog.objects.create(name="Rufus", data={"toy": "bone"})\n>>> Dog.objects.create(name="Meg", data={"breed": "collie", "owner": "Bob"})\n\n>>> Dog.objects.filter(data__keys__overlap=["breed", "toy"])\n<QuerySet [<Dog: Rufus>, <Dog: Meg>]>\n
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luachaLink to this heading#

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Tugann sé rudaí ar ais ina bhfuil an raon luachanna an luach a thugtar. Tabhair faoi deara nach ráthaítear go mbeidh an t-ordú iontaofa, mar sin tá an claochlú seo úsáideach go príomha le húsáid i gcomhar le cuardaigh ar:class: ~django.contrib.postgres.fields.arrayfield. Úsáideann sé an fheidhm SQL ``avals () ``. Mar shampla:

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Python console
>>> Dog.objects.create(name="Rufus", data={"breed": "labrador"})\n>>> Dog.objects.create(name="Meg", data={"breed": "collie", "owner": "Bob"})\n\n>>> Dog.objects.filter(data__values__contains=["collie"])\n<QuerySet [<Dog: Meg>]>\n
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Réimsí RaonLink to this heading#

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Tá cúig chineál réimse réimse ann, a fhreagraíonn do na cineálacha raon ionsuite i PostgreSQL. Úsáidtear na réimsí seo chun raon luachanna a stóráil; mar shampla stampaí ama tosaigh agus deireadh imeachta, nó an raon aoiseanna a bhfuil gníomhaíocht oiriúnach dóibh.

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Aistríonn gach ceann de na réim <psycopg:adapt-range>sí raon chuig: ref: psycopg Range earraí `i Python, ach glacann siad le tuples mar ionchur mura bhfuil aon fhaisnéis teorainneacha riachtanach. Is é an réamhshocrú ceann íochtarach san áireamh, ceann uachtarach eisiata, is é sin ``[)` (féach doiciméadú PostgreSQL le haghaidh sonraí faoi teorainneacha éagsúla). Is féidir na teorainneacha réamhshocraithe a athrú do réimsí raon neamh-scoite (:class: .DateTimeRangeField agus:class: .decimalRangeField) tríd an argóint ``default_limits ``a úsáid.

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Réimse IomlánaLink to this heading#

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\nclass IntegerRangeField(**options)Link to this definition#
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Stórálann sé raon sláimhreacha. Bunaithe ar: aicme: ~Django.db.Models.IntegerField. Léirítear ag int4range sa bhunachar sonraí agus Django.db.backends.postgresql.psycopg_any.numericRange i Python.

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Beag beann ar na teorainneacha a shonraítear agus na sonraí á shábháil, filleann PostgreSQL raon i gcónaí i bhfoirm chanónach a chuimsíonn an ceann íochtarach agus a eisiann an ceann uachtarach, is é sin [).

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BigIntegerRangeFieldLink to this heading#

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\nclass BigIntegerRangeField(**options)Link to this definition#
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Stórálann sé raon sláimhreacha móra. Bunaithe ar a:class: ~Django.db.Models.BigIntegerField. Léirítear ag int8range sa bhunachar sonraí agus Django.db.backends.postgresql.psycopg_any.numericRange i Python.

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Beag beann ar na teorainneacha a shonraítear agus na sonraí á shábháil, filleann PostgreSQL raon i gcónaí i bhfoirm chanónach a chuimsíonn an ceann íochtarach agus a eisiann an ceann uachtarach, is é sin [).

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DeimalrangefieldLink to this heading#

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\nclass DecimalRangeField(default_bounds='[)', **options)Link to this definition#
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Stórálann sé raon luachanna pointe ar snámh. Bunaithe ar a:class: ~Django.db.Models.DecimalField. Léirítear ag numrange sa bhunachar sonraí agus django.db.backends.postgreSQL.Psycopg_any.numericRange i Python.

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\ndefault_boundsLink to this definition#
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Roghnach. Luach teorainneacha ``le haghaidh ionchuir liosta agus tuple. Is é an réamhshocrú ceann íochtarach san áireamh, ceann uachtarach eisiata, is é sin ``[)` (féach doiciméadú PostgreSQL le haghaidh sonraí faoi teorainneacha éagsúla). Ní úsáidtear default_bounds le haghaidh ionchuir django.db.backends.postgresql.psycopg_any.numericRange.

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DataTimerangeFieldLink to this heading#

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\nclass DateTimeRangeField(default_bounds='[)', **options)Link to this definition#
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Stórálann sé raon stampaí ama. Bunaithe ar a:class: ~Django.db.Models.DateTimeField. Léirítear ag tstzrange sa bhunachar sonraí agus django.db.backends.postgresql.psycopg_any.DateTimetzRange i Python.

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\ndefault_boundsLink to this definition#
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Roghnach. Luach teorainneacha ``le haghaidh ionchuir liosta agus tuple. Is é an réamhshocrú ceann íochtarach san áireamh, ceann uachtarach eisiata, is é sin ``[)` (féach doiciméadú PostgreSQL le haghaidh sonraí faoi teorainneacha éagsúla). Ní úsáidtear default_bounds le haghaidh ionchuir django.db.backends.postgresql.psycopg_any.DateTimetzRange.

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DaterangefieldLink to this heading#

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\nclass DateRangeField(**options)Link to this definition#
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Stórálann sé raon dátaí. Bunaithe ar a:class: ~django.db.models.datefield. Léirítear ag daterange sa bhunachar sonraí agus Django.db.backends.postgresql.psycopg_any.daterange i Python.

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Beag beann ar na teorainneacha a shonraítear agus na sonraí á shábháil, filleann PostgreSQL raon i gcónaí i bhfoirm chanónach a chuimsíonn an ceann íochtarach agus a eisiann an ceann uachtarach, is é sin [).

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Réimsí Raon FiosraitheLink to this heading#

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Tá roinnt cuardaigh agus claochruithe saincheaptha ann do réimsí raon. Tá siad ar fáil ar na réimsí thuas go léir, ach úsáidfimid an tsamhail sampla seo a leanas:

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Code
from django.contrib.postgres.fields import IntegerRangeField\nfrom django.db import models\n\n\nclass Event(models.Model):\n    name = models.CharField(max_length=200)\n    ages = IntegerRangeField()\n    start = models.DateTimeField()\n\n    def __str__(self):\n        return self.name\n
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Úsáidfimid na rudaí samplacha seo a leanas freisin:

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Python console
>>> import datetime\n>>> from django.utils import timezone\n>>> now = timezone.now()\n>>> Event.objects.create(name="Soft play", ages=(0, 10), start=now)\n>>> Event.objects.create(\n...     name="Pub trip", ages=(21, None), start=now - datetime.timedelta(days=1)\n... )\n
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agus NumericRange:

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Code
>>> from django.db.backends.postgresql.psycopg_any import NumericRange\n
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Feidhmeanna sriantaLink to this heading#

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Mar is amhlaidh le réimsí PostgreSQL eile, tá trí oibreoir srianta caighdeánacha ann: contains, contained_by` agus overlap, ag baint úsáide as na hoibreoirí SQL @>, <@, agus && faoi seach.

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CoimeádLink to this heading#
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Code
>>> Event.objects.filter(ages__contains=NumericRange(4, 5))\n<QuerySet [<Event: Soft play>]>\n
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coinneáilteo_agLink to this heading#
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Code
>>> Event.objects.filter(ages__contained_by=NumericRange(0, 15))\n<QuerySet [<Event: Soft play>]>\n
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Tá an cuardach contained_by ar fáil freisin ar na cineálacha réimse neamh-raon: :class: ~django.db.models.smallAutofield, :class: ~django.db.models.autofield, :class: ~django.db.models.bigautofield, :class: ~django.db.models.smallintefield eld`, :class: ~django.db.models.integerfield, :class: ~django.db.models.bigintegerfield, :class: ~django.db.models.decimalfield, :class: ~django.db.models.floatfield, :class: ~django.db.models.db.models.db.DateField, agus:aicme: ~Django.db.Models.DateTimeField. Mar shampla:

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Python console
>>> from django.db.backends.postgresql.psycopg_any import DateTimeTZRange\n>>> Event.objects.filter(\n...     start__contained_by=DateTimeTZRange(\n...         timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(hours=1),\n...         timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(hours=1),\n...     ),\n... )\n<QuerySet [<Event: Soft play>]>\n
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`overlapLink to this heading#
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Code
>>> Event.objects.filter(ages__overlap=NumericRange(8, 12))\n<QuerySet [<Event: Soft play>]>\n
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feidhmeanna comparáideLink to this heading#

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Tacaíonn réimsí raon leis na cuardaigh chaighdeánacha: :lookup: lt, :lookup: gt, :lookup: lte agus:lookup: gte. Níl siad seo cabhrach go háirithe - déanann siad comparáid idir na teorainneacha íochtaracha ar dtús agus ansin na teorainneacha uachtaracha ach amháin más gá. Is í seo freisin an straitéis a úsáidtear chun ordú ag réimse raon. Is fearr na hoibreoirí comparáide raon sonracha a úsáid.

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`go hiomlán_ltLink to this heading#
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Tá na raonta a thugtar ar ais níos lú ná an raon rith. Is é sin le rá, tá na pointí go léir sa raon ar ais níos lú ná iad siúd go léir sa raon rith.

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>>> Event.objects.filter(ages__fully_lt=NumericRange(11, 15))\n<QuerySet [<Event: Soft play>]>\n
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go hiomlán_gtLink to this heading#
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Tá na raonta ar ais níos mó go docht ná an raon rith. Is é sin le rá, tá na pointí go léir sa raon ar ais níos mó ná iad siúd go léir sa raon rith.

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>>> Event.objects.filter(ages__fully_gt=NumericRange(11, 15))\n<QuerySet [<Event: Pub trip>]>\n
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`not_ltLink to this heading#
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Níl aon phointí níos lú ná an raon rith sna raonta ar ais, is é sin an teorainn íochtarach den raon a thugtar ar ais an teorainn íochtarach den raon rith ar a laghad.

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>>> Event.objects.filter(ages__not_lt=NumericRange(0, 15))\n<QuerySet [<Event: Soft play>, <Event: Pub trip>]>\n
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`ní gtLink to this heading#
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Níl aon phointí níos mó ná an raon rith sna raonta ar ais, is é sin an teorainn uachtarach den raon a thugtar ar ais an teorainn uachtarach den raon rith ar a mhéad.

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>>> Event.objects.filter(ages__not_gt=NumericRange(3, 10))\n<QuerySet [<Event: Soft play>]>\n
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``in aice láimhe ``Link to this heading#
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Roinneann na raonta a thugtar ar ais ceangailte leis an raon rith.

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>>> Event.objects.filter(ages__adjacent_to=NumericRange(10, 21))\n<QuerySet [<Event: Soft play>, <Event: Pub trip>]>\n
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Fiosrú ag baint úsáide as na teorainneachaLink to this heading#

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Tacaíonn réimsí raon le roinnt cuardaigh bhreise.

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``tosaíonn leis ``Link to this heading#
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Tá an teorainn íochtarach tugtha ag rudaí ar ais. Is féidir é a shlabhraithe le cuardaigh bailí don bhunréimse.

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>>> Event.objects.filter(ages__startswith=21)\n<QuerySet [<Event: Pub trip>]>\n
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``Críochnaíonn ``Link to this heading#
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Tá an teorainn uachtarach tugtha ag rudaí ar ais. Is féidir é a shlabhraithe le cuardaigh bailí don bhunréimse.

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>>> Event.objects.filter(ages__endswith=10)\n<QuerySet [<Event: Soft play>]>\n
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isemptyLink to this heading#
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Is raonta folamh iad rudaí ar ais. Is féidir é a shlabhraithe le cuardaigh bailí do a:class: ~django.db.models.booleanfield.

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>>> Event.objects.filter(ages__isempty=True)\n<QuerySet []>\n
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`lower_incLink to this heading#
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Tugann sé rudaí ar ais a bhfuil teorainneacha íochtaracha cuimsitheacha nó eisiacha acu, ag brath ar an luach boolean a rith. Is féidir é a shlabhraithe le cuardaigh bailí do a:class: ~django.db.models.booleanfield.

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>>> Event.objects.filter(ages__lower_inc=True)\n<QuerySet [<Event: Soft play>, <Event: Pub trip>]>\n
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``inf_níos ísle ``Link to this heading#
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Tugann sé rudaí ar ais a bhfuil srian níos ísle neamhtheoranta (gan teorainn) nó teoranta acu, ag brath ar an luach boolean a rith. Is féidir é a shlabhraithe le cuardaigh bailí do a:class: ~django.db.models.booleanfield.

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>>> Event.objects.filter(ages__lower_inf=True)\n<QuerySet []>\n
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uachtar_incLink to this heading#
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Tugann sé rudaí ar ais a bhfuil teorainneacha uachtaracha cuimsitheacha nó eisiacha acu, ag brath ar an luach boolean a rith. Is féidir é a shlabhraithe le cuardaigh bailí do a:class: ~django.db.models.booleanfield.

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>>> Event.objects.filter(ages__upper_inc=True)\n<QuerySet []>\n
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uachtar_infLink to this heading#
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Tugann sé ar ais rudaí a bhfuil srian uachtarach neamhtheoranta (gan teorainn) nó teoranta acu, ag brath ar an luach boolean a rith. Is féidir é a shlabhraithe le cuardaigh bailí do a:class: ~django.db.models.booleanfield.

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>>> Event.objects.filter(ages__upper_inf=True)\n<QuerySet [<Event: Pub trip>]>\n
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Sainmhíniú do chineálacha raon féinLink to this heading#

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Ceadaíonn PostgreSQL sainmhíniú ar chineálacha raon saincheaptha. Úsáideann forfheidhmithe réimse samhail agus foirme Django bunaicmí thíos, agus soláthraíonn psycopg a:func: ~psycopg:psycopg.types.range.register_range chun cineálacha raon saincheaptha a úsáid.

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\nclass RangeField(**options)Link to this definition#
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Aicme bonn do réimsí raon samhail.

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\nbase_fieldLink to this definition#
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An rang réimse samhail le húsáid.

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\nrange_typeLink to this definition#
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An cineál raon le húsáid.

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\nform_fieldLink to this definition#
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An rang réimse foirm le húsáid. Ba chóir go mbeadh fo-aicme de:class: Django.Contrib.Postgres.Forms.BaseRangeField.

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\nclass django.contrib.postgres.forms.BaseRangeFieldLink to this definition#
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Aicme bonn do réimsí raon foirme.

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\nbase_fieldLink to this definition#
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An réimse foirme le húsáid.

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\nrange_typeLink to this definition#
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An cineál raon le húsáid.

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Oibreoirí raonLink to this heading#

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\nclass RangeOperatorsLink to this definition#
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< https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/ functions-range.html #RANGE -OPERATORS-TABLE>Soláthraíonn PostgreSQL sraith oibreoirí SQL is féidir a úsáid in éineacht leis na cineálacha sonraí raon (féach `doiciméadú PostgreSQL le haghaidh sonraí iomlána oibreoirí raon `_). Tá an rang seo i gceist mar mhodh áisiúil chun clóscríobh a sheachaint. Forluíonn ainmneacha na n-oibreoirí le hainmneacha cuardaigh comhfhreagracha.

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Python
class RangeOperators:\n    EQUAL = "="\n    NOT_EQUAL = "<>"\n    CONTAINS = "@>"\n    CONTAINED_BY = "<@"\n    OVERLAPS = "&&"\n    FULLY_LT = "<<"\n    FULLY_GT = ">>"\n    NOT_LT = "&>"\n    NOT_GT = "&<"\n    ADJACENT_TO = "-|-"\n
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RangeBoundary () abairtíLink to this heading#

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\nclass RangeBoundary(inclusive_lower=True, inclusive_upper=False)Link to this definition#
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\ninclusive_lowerLink to this definition#
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Má tá True (réamhshocraithe), tá an teorainn íochtarach cuimsitheach '['`, ar shlí eile is' eisiach é ('``.

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\ninclusive_upperLink to this definition#
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Má tá False (réamhshocraithe), is é an teorainn uachtarach eisiach ') ', ar shlí eile tá sé chuimsitheach``'] '`.

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Léiríonn abairt ``rangeboundary () ``teorainneacha na raon. Is féidir é a úsáid le feidhmeanna raon saincheaptha a raibh súil le teorainneacha, mar shampla chun sainmhíniú:class: ~django.contrib.postgres.restricints.ExclusionConstraint. < https://www.postgresql.org/ docs/current/rangetypes.html #RANGETYPES -INCLUSIVITY>Féach `doiciméadú PostgreSQL le haghaidh na sonraí iomlána`_.

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