{"title":"gníomhartha riaracháin","version":"6.1","locale":"ga","docname":"ref/contrib/admin/actions","url":"/ga/6.1/ref/contrib/admin/actions/","canonical":"https://djangodocs.dev/ga/6.1/ref/contrib/admin/actions/","summary":"Is é sreabhadh oibre bunúsach riaracháin Django, go hachomair, “roghnaigh réad, ansin athraigh é.” Oibríonn sé seo go maith le haghaidh formhór na gcásanna úsáide.…","html":"

gníomhartha riaracháinLink to this heading#

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Is é sreabhadh oibre bunúsach riaracháin Django, go hachomair, “roghnaigh réad, ansin athraigh é.” Oibríonn sé seo go maith le haghaidh formhór na gcásanna úsáide. Mar sin féin, más gá duit an t-athrú céanna a dhéanamh ar go leor rudaí ag an am céanna, is féidir leis an sreabhadh oibre seo a bheith an-teannach.

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Sna cásanna seo, ligeann riarachán Django duit “gníomhartha” a scríobh agus a chlárú - feidhmeanna a ghlaofar le liosta rudaí a roghnaítear ar leathanach an liosta athraithe.

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Má fhéachann tú ar aon liosta athraithe sa riarachán, feicfidh tú an ghné seo i ngníomh; Seolann Django le gníomh “scrios rudaí roghnaithe” atá ar fáil do gach samhail. Mar shampla, seo an modúl úsáideora ó aip ionsuite Django: mod: django.contrib.auth:

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Léigh ar aghaidh chun a fháil amach conas do ghníomhartha féin a chur leis an liosta seo.

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Gníomhartha scríLink to this heading#

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Is é an bealach is éasca le gníomhartha a mhíniú trí shampla, mar sin déanaimis tumadh isteach.

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Cás úsáide coitianta do ghníomhartha riaracháin is ea an mórchnuashonrú ar mhúnla. Samhlaigh feidhmchlár nuachta le samhail Airteagal:

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Code
from django.db import models\n\nSTATUS_CHOICES = {\n    "d": "Draft",\n    "p": "Published",\n    "w": "Withdrawn",\n}\n\n\nclass Article(models.Model):\n    title = models.CharField(max_length=100)\n    body = models.TextField()\n    status = models.CharField(max_length=1, choices=STATUS_CHOICES)\n\n    def __str__(self):\n        return self.title\n
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Tasc coitianta a d'fhéadfaimis a dhéanamh le samhail mar seo ná stádas alt a nuashonrú ó “dréacht” go “foilsithe”. D'fhéadfaimis é seo a dhéanamh go héasca san riarachán alt amháin ag an am, ach dá dteastaíonn uainn grúpa alt a fhoilsiú go mór, bheadh sé deacair. Mar sin, déanaimis gníomh a scríobh a ligeann dúinn stádas alt a athrú go “foilsithe.”

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Feidhmeanna gníomhaíochtaLink to this heading#

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Ar dtús, beidh orainn feidhm a scríobh a ghlaofar nuair a spreagtar an gníomh ón riarachán. Is feidhmeanna rialta iad feidhmeanna gníomhaíochta a thógann trí argóint:

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Ní bheidh an: class: ModelAdmin nó an réad iarratais ag teastáil ó ár bhfeidhm foilsithe seo, ach úsáidfimid an tacar ceisteanna:

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def make_published(modeladmin, request, queryset):\n    queryset.update(status="p")\n
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Sin i ndáiríre gach rud atá ann chun gníomh a scríobh! Mar sin féin, glacfaimid céim roghnach ach úsáideach amháin eile agus tabharfaimid teideal “deas” don ghníomh sa riarachán. De réir réamhshocraithe, bheadh an gníomh seo le feiceáil ar an liosta gníomhaíochta mar “Déan foilsithe” - ainm na feidhme, le spásanna ina ionad béim. Tá sé sin go breá, ach is féidir linn ainm níos fearr, níos cairdiúla don duine a sholáthar tríd an maisitheoir: func: ~django.contrib.admin.action a úsáid ar an bhfeidhm ``make_published ``:

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from django.contrib import admin\n\n...\n\n\n@admin.action(description="Mark selected stories as published")\ndef make_published(modeladmin, request, queryset):\n    queryset.update(status="p")\n
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Gníomhartha a chur leis an:class: ModelAdminLink to this heading#

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Ansin, beidh orainn ár n:class: ModelAdmin a chur ar an eolas faoin ngníomh. Oibríonn sé seo díreach cosúil le haon rogha cumraíochta eile. Mar sin, bheadh cuma ar an admin.py` iomlán leis an ngníomh agus a chlárú:

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Code
from django.contrib import admin\nfrom myapp.models import Article\n\n\n@admin.action(description="Mark selected stories as published")\ndef make_published(modeladmin, request, queryset):\n    queryset.update(status="p")\n\n\nclass ArticleAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):\n    list_display = ["title", "status"]\n    ordering = ["title"]\n    actions = [make_published]\n\n\nadmin.site.register(Article, ArticleAdmin)\n
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Tabharfaidh an cód sin liosta athraithe riaracháin dúinn a bhfuil cuma mar seo air:

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Sin go léir atá ann i ndáiríre! Má tá tú ag iarraidh do ghníomhartha féin a scríobh, tá a fhios agat anois go leor chun tosú. Clúdaíonn an chuid eile den doiciméad seo teicnící níos airde.

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Earráidí láimhseála i ngnLink to this heading#

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Má tá coinníollacha earráide intuartha ann a d'fhéadfadh tarlú agus do ghníomh á reáchtáil, ba cheart duit an t-úsáideoir a chur ar an eolas go grásta faoin bhfadhb. Ciallaíonn sé seo eisceachtaí a láimhseáil agus úsáid: meth: django.contrib.admin.modeladmin.message_user chun cur síos atá cairdiúil don úsáideoir ar an bhfadhb sa fhreagra a thaispeáint.

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Teicnící gníomhaíochta chunLink to this heading#

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Tá cúpla rogha agus féidearthachtaí breise ann is féidir leat leas a bhaint as le haghaidh roghanna níos airde.

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Gníomhartha cosúil:class: ModelAdmin modhannaLink to this heading#

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Taispeánann an sampla thuas an gníomh make_published a shainmhínítear mar fheidhm. Tá sé sin go breá, ach níl sé foirfe ó thaobh dearaidh cód: ós rud é go bhfuil an gníomh ceangailte go docht leis an réad Airteagal, tá sé ciallmhar an gníomh a cheangal leis an réad ``ArticleAdMin` féin.

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Is féidir leat é a dhéanamh mar seo:

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Code
class ArticleAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):\n    ...\n\n    actions = ["make_published"]\n\n    @admin.action(description="Mark selected stories as published")\n    def make_published(self, request, queryset):\n        queryset.update(status="p")\n
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Tabhair faoi deara ar dtús gur bhogamar make_published isteach i modh agus athainmníomar an paraiméadar modeladmin ``go `self, agus sa dara háit gur chuireamar an teaghrán `make_published'` anois i ``actions in ionad tagairt feidhme díreach. Insíonn sé seo la:class: ModelAdmin breathnú suas ar an ngníomh mar mhodh.

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Tugann gníomhartha a shainmhíniú mar mhodhanna rochtain níos idiomatiúla don ghníomhaíocht ar an: class: ModelAdmin féin, rud a ligeann don ghníomh aon cheann de na modhanna a sholáthraíonn an riarachán a ghlaoch.

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Mar shampla, is féidir linn féin a úsáid chun teachtaireacht a splancadh chuig an úsáideoir in iúl dóibh gur éirigh leis an ngníomh:

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Code
from django.contrib import messages\nfrom django.utils.translation import ngettext\n\n\nclass ArticleAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):\n    ...\n\n    def make_published(self, request, queryset):\n        updated = queryset.update(status="p")\n        self.message_user(\n            request,\n            ngettext(\n                "%d story was successfully marked as published.",\n                "%d stories were successfully marked as published.",\n                updated,\n            )\n            % updated,\n            messages.SUCCESS,\n        )\n
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This makes the action match what the admin itself does after successfully\nperforming an action:

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Gníomhartha a sholáthraíonn leathanaighLink to this heading#

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De réir réamhshocraithe, tar éis gníomh a dhéanamh atreoraítear an t-úsáideoir ar ais chuig an leathanach liosta athraithe bunaidh. Mar sin féin, beidh ar roinnt gníomhartha, go háirithe cinn níos casta, leathanaigh idirmheánacha a thabhairt ar ais. Mar shampla, iarrann an gníomh scriosta ionsuite deimhniú sula ndéanann siad na rudaí roghnaithe a scriosadh.

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Chun leathanach idirghabhála a sholáthar, cuir ar ais an:class: ~django.http.httpResponse (nó fo-aicme) ó do ghníomhaíocht. Mar shampla, d'fhéadfá feidhm onnmhairiúcháin a scríobh a úsáideann django's:doc: feidhmeanna sraitheach chun roinnt rudaí roghnaithe a dhumpáil mar </topics/serialization> JSON:

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Code
from django.core import serializers\nfrom django.http import HttpResponse\n\n\ndef export_as_json(modeladmin, request, queryset):\n    response = HttpResponse(content_type="application/json")\n    serializers.serialize("json", queryset, stream=response)\n    return response\n
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Go ginearálta, ní mheastar gur smaoineamh iontach é rud éigin mar an méid thuas. An chuid is mó den am, is é an cleachtas is fearr ná filleadh an:class: ~django.http.http.HttpResponsereDirect agus an t-úsáideoir a atreorú chuig radharc a scríobh tú, ag dul ar liosta na rudaí roghnaithe sa teaghrán ceisteanna GET. Ligeann sé seo duit loighic idirghníomhú casta a sholáthar ar na leathanaigh idir Mar shampla, más mian leat feidhm easpórtála níos iomláine a sholáthar, ba mhaith leat ligean don úsáideoir formáid a roghnú, agus b'fhéidir liosta réimsí le cur san onnmhairiú. Is é an rud is fearr le déanamh ná gníomh beag a scríobh a atreoraíonn chuig do radharc saincheaptha onnmhairithe:

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Code
from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType\nfrom django.http import HttpResponseRedirect\n\n\ndef export_selected_objects(modeladmin, request, queryset):\n    selected = queryset.values_list("pk", flat=True)\n    ct = ContentType.objects.get_for_model(queryset.model)\n    return HttpResponseRedirect(\n        "/export/?ct=%s&ids=%s"\n        % (\n            ct.pk,\n            ",".join(str(pk) for pk in selected),\n        )\n    )\n
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Mar a fheiceann tú, tá an gníomh sách gearr; bheadh an loighic chasta go léir i do dhearcadh onnmhairithe. Bheadh sé seo déileáil le rudaí de chineál ar bith, dá bhrí sin an gnó leis an “ContentType”.

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Fágtar an dearcadh seo a scríobh mar chleachtadh don léitheoir.

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Gníomhartha a chur ar fáil ar fud an suíomhLink to this heading#

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\nAdminSite.add_action(action, name=None)Link to this definition#
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Some actions are best if they're made available to any object in the\nadmin site -- the export action defined above would be a good candidate.\nYou can make an action globally available using\nAdminSite.add_action(). For example:

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from django.contrib import admin\n\nadmin.site.add_action(export_selected_objects)\n
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This makes the export_selected_objects action globally available as an\naction named "export_selected_objects". You can explicitly give the action\na name -- good if you later want to programmatically remove the\naction -- by passing a second argument to\nAdminSite.add_action():

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admin.site.add_action(export_selected_objects, "export_selected")\n
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Gníomhartha díchumasaitheLink to this heading#

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Uaireanta ní mór duit gníomhartha áirithe a dhíchumasú - go háirithe iad siú:ref: cláraithe ar fud an láithreáin <adminsite-actions>- le haghaidh rudaí áirithe. Tá cúpla bealach ann is féidir leat gníomhartha a dhíchumasú:

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Gníomh ar fud an láithreáin a dhíchumasúLink to this heading#

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\nAdminSite.disable_action(name)Link to this definition#
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If you need to disable a site-wide action you\ncan call AdminSite.disable_action().

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Mar shampla, is féidir leat an modh seo a úsáid chun an gníomh ionsuite “scrios rudaí roghnaithe” a bhaint:

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Code
admin.site.disable_action("delete_selected")\n
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Nuair a bheidh an méid thuas déanta agat, ní bheidh an gníomh sin ar fáil ar fud an láithreáin a thuilleadh.

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Más gá duit, áfach, gníomh faoi mhíchumas domhanda a athchumasú do mhúnla áirithe amháin, liostaigh é go sainráite i do liosta ``ModelAdmin.Actions`:

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Code
# Globally disable delete selected\nadmin.site.disable_action("delete_selected")\n\n\n# This ModelAdmin will not have delete_selected available\nclass SomeModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):\n    actions = ["some_other_action"]\n    ...\n\n\n# This one will\nclass AnotherModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):\n    actions = ["delete_selected", "a_third_action"]\n    ...\n
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Gach gníomh a dhíchumasú le haghaidh áirithe: class: ModelAdminLink to this heading#

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Más mian leat mórghníomhaíochtaí no ar fáil le haghaidh tugadh: class: ModelAdmin, socraí:attr: ModelAdmin.actions go None:

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Code
class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):\n    actions = None\n
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<adminsite-actions>Insíonn sé seo la:class: ModelAdmin gan aon ghníomhartha a thaispeáint ná a cheadú, lena n-áirítear aon ghníomhartha: ref: `láithreáin ghníomhartha `.

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gníomhartha a chumasú nó a dhíchumasúLink to this heading#

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\nModelAdmin.get_actions(request, action_location=ActionLocation.CHANGE_LIST)Link to this definition#
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Faoi dheireadh, is féidir leat gníomhartha a chumasú nó a dhíchumasú go coinníollach ar aghaidh iarratais (agus dá bhrí sin in aghaidh an úsáideora) trí:meth: ModelAdmin.get_actions a ró-dhiaidh.

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This returns a dictionary of actions allowed for the specific\naction_location. The keys are action names, and the values are\nAction objects.

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Mar shampla, mura dteastaíonn uait ach go mbeidh úsáideoirí a dtosaíonn a n-ainmneacha le 'J' in ann rudaí a scriosadh ar an mórchóir:

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Code
class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):\n    ...\n\n    def get_actions(self, request, action_location=ActionLocation.CHANGE_LIST):\n        actions = super().get_actions(request, action_location=action_location)\n        if request.user.username[0].upper() != "J":\n            if "delete_selected" in actions:\n                del actions["delete_selected"]\n        return actions\n
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Ceadanna a shocrú le haghaidh gníomharLink to this heading#

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Féadfaidh gníomhartha a n-infhaighteacht a theorannú d'úsáideoirí a bhfuil ceadanna sonracha acu tríd an bhfeidhm ghníomhaíochta a fhilleadh leis an maisitheoir: func: ~django.contrib.admin.action agus an argóint ceadúna a rith:

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Code
@admin.action(permissions=["change"])\ndef make_published(modeladmin, request, queryset):\n    queryset.update(status="p")\n
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Ní bheidh an gníomh ``make_published () ``ar fáil ach d'úsáideoirí a rachaidh an seice:meth: .modeladmin.has_change_permission.

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Má tá níos mó ná cead amháin ag ceadúnaí, beidh an gníomh ar fáil chomh fada agus a rachaidh an t-úsáideoir ceann amháin de na seiceálacha ar a laghad.

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Is iad na luachanna atá ar fáil le haghaidh `ceadui' agus na seiceálacha modh comhfhreagracha:

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Is féidir leat aon luach eile a shonrú chomh fada agus a chuireann tú modh comhfhreagrach hais_ <value>_cead (féin, iarraidh) ``i bhfeidhm ar an `ModelAdmin.

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Mar shampla:

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Code
from django.contrib import admin\nfrom django.contrib.auth import get_permission_codename\n\n\nclass ArticleAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):\n    actions = ["make_published"]\n\n    @admin.action(permissions=["publish"])\n    def make_published(self, request, queryset):\n        queryset.update(status="p")\n\n    def has_publish_permission(self, request):\n        """Does the user have the publish permission?"""\n        opts = self.opts\n        codename = get_permission_codename("publish", opts)\n        return request.user.has_perm("%s.%s" % (opts.app_label, codename))\n
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Controlling where actions are availableLink to this heading#

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By default, admin actions are available on the change list page only. You can\ncontrol where an action appears using the location argument of the\n@admin.action decorator.

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For example, to make an action available only on the change form, set\nlocation to ActionLocation.CHANGE_FORM:

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Code
from django.contrib import admin\nfrom django.contrib.admin import ActionLocation\n\n\n@admin.action(location=ActionLocation.CHANGE_FORM)\ndef make_published(modeladmin, request, queryset): ...\n
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To make an action available on both the change list and the change form:

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Code
@admin.action(\n    location=[ActionLocation.CHANGE_FORM, ActionLocation.CHANGE_LIST],\n    description="Publish",\n    description_plural="Mark selected stories as published",\n)\ndef make_published(modeladmin, request, queryset): ...\n
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Notice that description and description_plural were provided. These are\noptional but the admin action will be labeled by description in the admin\nchange form and description_plural in the admin change list.

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You can customize how actions are rendered by overriding admin templates.\nThe change list page uses admin/actions.html and the change form page uses\nadmin/change_form_actions.html. Note that the change form template inherits\nfrom the change list actions template.

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An maisitheoir gníomhaLink to this heading#

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\naction(*, permissions=None, description=None, description_plural=None, location=ActionLocation.CHANGE_LIST)Link to this definition#
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Is féidir an maisitheoir seo a úsáid chun tréithe sonracha a shocrú ar fheidhmeanna gníomhaíochta saincheaptha is féidir a úsáid le:attr: ~django.contrib.admin.modelAdmin.actions:

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Code
@admin.action(\n    permissions=["publish"],\n    description="Mark selected stories as published",\n)\ndef make_published(self, request, queryset):\n    queryset.update(status="p")\n
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Tá sé seo comhionann le roinnt tréithe (leis na hainmneacha bunaidh, níos faide) a shocrú go díreach ar an bhfeidhm:

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Code
def make_published(self, request, queryset):\n    queryset.update(status="p")\n\n\nmake_published.allowed_permissions = ["publish"]\nmake_published.short_description = "Mark selected stories as published"\n
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Níl sé éigeantach an maisitheoir seo a úsáid chun feidhm ghníomhaíochta a dhéanamh, ach d'fhéadfadh sé a bheith úsáideach é a úsáid gan argóintí mar mharcóir i do fhoinse chun cuspóir na feidhme a aithint:

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@admin.action\ndef make_inactive(self, request, queryset):\n    queryset.update(is_active=False)\n
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Sa chás seo ní chuirfidh sé aon tréithe leis an bhfeidhm.

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Paraiméadair:
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  • permissions -- A list of permission codenames that restrict the action\nto users who have at least one of the defined permissions. This sets\nthe allowed_permissions attribute on the function. See\nCeadanna a shocrú le haghaidh gníomhar for details.

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  • description -- A human-readable description of the action to be\nrendered in the admin. If description is not provided, Django\nrenders the function's name, converting underscores to spaces and\ncapitalizing the first letter of the first word. This sets the\nshort_description attribute on the function.

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  • description_plural -- A human-readable description of the action used\nin contexts where plural wording is required, such as on the admin\nchange list. If description_plural is not provided, falls back to\ndescription. This sets the plural_description attribute on the\nfunction.

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  • location -- Specifies where the action is available. Accepts either a\nsingle ActionLocation value or an iterable of values. If\nomitted, the action is only available on the admin change list. See\nControlling where actions are available for details.

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ActionLocationLink to this heading#

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\nclass ActionLocationLink to this definition#
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Enum of allowed values for the location parameter of the\naction() decorator.

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\nCHANGE_FORMLink to this definition#
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The action is available on the admin change form. When an action is run,\nany unsaved changes on the admin change form will be lost.

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\nCHANGE_LISTLink to this definition#
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The action is available on the admin change list.

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ActionLink to this heading#

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\nclass ActionLink to this definition#
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Represents an action. Actions should be defined using the action()\ndecorator.

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\nfuncLink to this definition#
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The action function. See Feidhmeanna gníomhaíochta for details.

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\nnameLink to this definition#
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The action function name.

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\ndescriptionLink to this definition#
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A human-readable description of the action to be rendered in the admin.

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\nplural_descriptionLink to this definition#
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A human-readable description of the action used in contexts where\nplural wording is required.

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\nlocationsLink to this definition#
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A list of ActionLocation values the admin action can be\nrendered.

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