{"title":"Láimhseáil foirme le tuairimí rangbhunaithe","version":"6.0","locale":"ga","docname":"topics/class-based-views/generic-editing","url":"/ga/6.0/topics/class-based-views/generic-editing/","canonical":"https://djangodocs.dev/ga/6.0/topics/class-based-views/generic-editing/","summary":"De ghnáth bíonn 3 bhealach ag próiseáil foirme. Is minic a bhíonn go leor cód boilerplate arís agus arís eile mar thoradh air seo a…","html":"

Láimhseáil foirme le tuairimí rangbhunaitheLink to this heading#

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De ghnáth bíonn 3 bhealach ag próiseáil foirme

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<using-a-form-in-a-view>Is minic a bhíonn go leor cód boilerplate arís agus arís eile mar thoradh air seo a chur i bhfeidhm tú féin (féach: `Foirm a úsáid i radharc `). Chun cabhrú leis seo a sheachaint, soláthraíonn Django bailiúchán de thuairimí cineálacha bunaithe ar rang le haghaidh próiseála foirme.

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Foirmeacha bunúsLink to this heading#

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Mar gheall ar fhoirm teagmhála:

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foirme.py
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Python
from django import forms\n\n\nclass ContactForm(forms.Form):\n    name = forms.CharField()\n    message = forms.CharField(widget=forms.Textarea)\n\n    def send_email(self):\n        # send email using the self.cleaned_data dictionary\n        pass\n
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Is féidir an radharc a thógáil ag baint úsáide as FormView:

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views.py
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Python
from myapp.forms import ContactForm\nfrom django.views.generic.edit import FormView\n\n\nclass ContactFormView(FormView):\n    template_name = "contact.html"\n    form_class = ContactForm\n    success_url = "/thanks/"\n\n    def form_valid(self, form):\n        # This method is called when valid form data has been POSTed.\n        # It should return an HttpResponse.\n        form.send_email()\n        return super().form_valid(form)\n
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Nótaí:

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Foirmeacha múnlaLink to this heading#

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Generic views really shine when working with models. These generic\nviews will automatically create a ModelForm, so long as\nthey can work out which model class to use:

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Model form views provide a\nform_valid() implementation\nthat saves the model automatically. You can override this if you have any\nspecial requirements; see below for examples.

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You don't even need to provide a success_url for\nCreateView or\nUpdateView - they will use\nget_absolute_url() on the model object if\navailable.

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Más mian leat saincheap:class: ~django.forms.modelForm a úsáid (mar shampla chun bailíochtú breise a chur leis), socraí:attr: ~django.views.generic.edit.formmixin.form_class ar do radharc.

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First we need to add get_absolute_url() to our\nAuthor class:

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models.py
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Python
from django.db import models\nfrom django.urls import reverse\n\n\nclass Author(models.Model):\n    name = models.CharField(max_length=200)\n\n    def get_absolute_url(self):\n        return reverse("author-detail", kwargs={"pk": self.pk})\n
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Ansin is féidir linn: class: CreateView agus cairde a úsáid chun an obair iarbhír a dhéanamh. Tabhair faoi deara conas a bhfuilimid díreach ag cumrú na tuairimí cineálacha bunaithe ar rang anseo; ní gá dúinn aon loighic a scríobh muid féin:

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views.py
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Python
from django.urls import reverse_lazy\nfrom django.views.generic.edit import CreateView, DeleteView, UpdateView\nfrom myapp.models import Author\n\n\nclass AuthorCreateView(CreateView):\n    model = Author\n    fields = ["name"]\n\n\nclass AuthorUpdateView(UpdateView):\n    model = Author\n    fields = ["name"]\n\n\nclass AuthorDeleteView(DeleteView):\n    model = Author\n    success_url = reverse_lazy("author-list")\n
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Oibríonn an tréith fields ar an mbealach céanna leis an tréith fields ar an rang Meta istigh ar:class: ~django.forms.ModelForm. Mura sainmhíníonn tú an rang foirme ar bhealach eile, tá an tréith ag teastáil agus ardóidh an dearcadh an:exc: ~Django.Core.Exceptions.ImProperlyConfigured eisceacht mura bhfuil sé.

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Má shonraíonn tú na tréithe: attr: ~Django.Views.Generic.Edit.ModelFormMixin.Fields agus:attr: ~Django.Views.Generic.Edit.FormMixin.Form_Class ardófar eisceacht, agó:exc: ~Django.Core.Exceptions.ImProperlyConfigured eisceacht.

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Faoi dheireadh, cuirimid na tuairimí nua seo isteach sa URLConf:

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urls.py
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Python
from django.urls import path\nfrom myapp.views import AuthorCreateView, AuthorDeleteView, AuthorUpdateView\n\nurlpatterns = [\n    # ...\n    path("author/add/", AuthorCreateView.as_view(), name="author-add"),\n    path("author/<int:pk>/", AuthorUpdateView.as_view(), name="author-update"),\n    path("author/<int:pk>/delete/", AuthorDeleteView.as_view(), name="author-delete"),\n]\n
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Múnlaí agus request.userLink to this heading#

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Chun an t-úsáideoir a chruthaigh réad a rianú ag baint úsáide as a:class: CreateView, is féidir leat saincheap:class: ~django.forms.ModelForm a úsáid chun é seo a dhéanamh. Ar dtús, cuir an eochair eachtrach leis an tsamhail leis an tsamhail:

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models.py
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Python
from django.contrib.auth.models import User\nfrom django.db import models\n\n\nclass Author(models.Model):\n    name = models.CharField(max_length=200)\n    created_by = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)\n\n    # ...\n
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In the view, ensure that you don't include created_by in the list of fields\nto edit, and override\nform_valid() to add the user:

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views.py
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Python
from django.contrib.auth.mixins import LoginRequiredMixin\nfrom django.views.generic.edit import CreateView\nfrom myapp.models import Author\n\n\nclass AuthorCreateView(LoginRequiredMixin, CreateView):\n    model = Author\n    fields = ["name"]\n\n    def form_valid(self, form):\n        form.instance.created_by = self.request.user\n        return super().form_valid(form)\n
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LoginRequiredMixin prevents users who\naren't logged in from accessing the form. If you omit that, you'll need to\nhandle unauthorized users in form_valid().

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Sampla idirbheartaíochta ábhairLink to this heading#

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Seo sampla a thaispeánann conas a d'fhéadfá dul i bhfeidhm foirm a oibríonn le sreabhadh oibre atá bunaithe ar API chomh maith le foirm 'gnáth' POSTs:

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Code
from django.http import JsonResponse\nfrom django.views.generic.edit import CreateView\nfrom myapp.models import Author\n\n\nclass JsonableResponseMixin:\n    """\n    Mixin to add JSON support to a form.\n    Must be used with an object-based FormView (e.g. CreateView)\n    """\n\n    def form_invalid(self, form):\n        response = super().form_invalid(form)\n        if self.request.accepts("text/html"):\n            return response\n        else:\n            return JsonResponse(form.errors, status=400)\n\n    def form_valid(self, form):\n        # We make sure to call the parent's form_valid() method because\n        # it might do some processing (in the case of CreateView, it will\n        # call form.save() for example).\n        response = super().form_valid(form)\n        if self.request.accepts("text/html"):\n            return response\n        else:\n            data = {\n                "pk": self.object.pk,\n            }\n            return JsonResponse(data)\n\n\nclass AuthorCreateView(JsonableResponseMixin, CreateView):\n    model = Author\n    fields = ["name"]\n
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The above example assumes that if the client supports text/html, that they\nwould prefer it. However, this may not always be true. When requesting a\n.css file, many browsers will send the header\nAccept: text/css,*/*;q=0.1, indicating that they would prefer CSS, but\nanything else is fine. This means request.accepts("text/html") will be\nTrue.

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To determine the correct format, taking into consideration the client's\npreference, use django.http.HttpRequest.get_preferred_type():

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Code
class JsonableResponseMixin:\n    """\n    Mixin to add JSON support to a form.\n    Must be used with an object-based FormView (e.g. CreateView).\n    """\n\n    accepted_media_types = ["text/html", "application/json"]\n\n    def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):\n        if request.get_preferred_type(self.accepted_media_types) is None:\n            # No format in common.\n            return HttpResponse(\n                status_code=406, headers={"Accept": ",".join(self.accepted_media_types)}\n            )\n\n        return super().dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)\n\n    def form_invalid(self, form):\n        response = super().form_invalid(form)\n        accepted_type = self.request.get_preferred_type(self.accepted_media_types)\n        if accepted_type == "text/html":\n            return response\n        elif accepted_type == "application/json":\n            return JsonResponse(form.errors, status=400)\n\n    def form_valid(self, form):\n        # We make sure to call the parent's form_valid() method because\n        # it might do some processing (in the case of CreateView, it will\n        # call form.save() for example).\n        response = super().form_valid(form)\n        accepted_type = self.request.get_preferred_type(self.accepted_media_types)\n        if accepted_type == "text/html":\n            return response\n        elif accepted_type == "application/json":\n            data = {\n                "pk": self.object.pk,\n            }\n            return JsonResponse(data)\n
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