{"title":"Ag baint úsáide as meascáin le tuairimí rangbhunaithe","version":"5.2","locale":"ga","docname":"topics/class-based-views/mixins","url":"/ga/5.2/topics/class-based-views/mixins/","canonical":"https://djangodocs.dev/ga/5.2/topics/class-based-views/mixins/","summary":"Caution Is ábhar chun cinn é seo. Moltar eolas oibre ar:doc: ` Tuairimí rangbhunaithe Django `sula ndéantar iniúchadh ar na teicnící seo. Soláthraíonn…","html":"

Ag baint úsáide as meascáin le tuairimí rangbhunaitheLink to this heading#

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Soláthraíonn tuairimí rang-bhunaithe ionsuite Django go leor feidhmiúlachta, ach b'fhéidir gur mhaith leat cuid de a úsáid ar leithligh. Mar shampla, b'fhéidir gur mhaith leat dearcadh a scríobh a léiríonn teimpléad chun an freagra HTTP a dhéanamh, ach ní féidir leat:class: ~django.views.generic.base.templateView a úsáid; b'fhéidir nach gcaithfidh tú teimpléad a rinneadh ach ar POST `, le GET` ag déanamh rud éigin eile go hiomlán. Cé go bhféadfá: class: ~django.template.response.templateResponse a úsáid go díreach, is dócha go mbeidh cód dúblach mar thoradh air seo.

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Ar an gcúis seo, soláthraíonn Django roinnt meascáin freisin a sholáthraíonn feidhmiúlacht níos scoite. Tá rindreáil teimpléad, mar shampla, ionfhabhtaithe in:class: ~Django.Views.Generic.Base.TemplateResponseMixin. Tá doiciméadú tagartha Django: doc: `doiciméadú iomlán de na meascáin go lé@@</ref/class-based-views/mixins> ir'.

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Freagraí comhthéacs agus teimpléLink to this heading#

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Cuirtear dhá mheascán lárnach ar fáil a chuidíonn le comhéadan comhsheasmhach a sholáthar chun oibriú le teimpléid i dtuairimí rangbhunaithe.

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TemplateResponseMixin

Glaoifidh gach amharc tógtha a thugann a:class: ~Django.Template.Response.TemplateResponse ar an modh:: ~Django.Views.Generic.Base.TemplateResponseMixin.Render_to_Response () `a sholáthraíonn ``TemplateResponsemixin`. An chuid is mó den am a ghlaofar duit é seo (mar shampla, glaonn sé leis an modh ``get () ``a chuireann an bheach:class: ~django.views.generic.base.templateView agus:class: ~django.views.generic.detail.detailView); ar an gcaoi chéanna, ní dócha go mbeidh ort é a shárú, cé más mian leat do fhreagra chun rud éigin nár rindreáiltear trí theimpléad Django a thabhairt ar ais ansin beidh tú ag iarraidh é a dhéanamh. <jsonresponsemixin-example>Mar shampla de seo, féach an:ref: `JSONResponseMixin sampla `.

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Glaonn ``render_to_response () ``féin: meth: ~django.views.generic.base.templateResponseMixin.get_template_names, a fhéachfaidh suas:attr: ~Django.Views.Generic.Base.TemplateResponseMixin.Template_Names ar an radharc rang-bhunaithe; dhá mixins eile (:class: ~Django.Views.Generic.Detail.SingleObjectTemplateResponseMixin agus:class: ~Django.Views.Generic.List.MultipleObjectTemplateResponseMixin) athsháraigh é seo chun réamhshocruithe níos solúbtha a sholáthar agus tú ag déileáil le rudaí iarbhír.

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ContextMixin

Ba chóir do gach duine tógtha a dteastaíonn sonraí comhthéacs uathu, mar shampla chun teimpléad a rindreáil (lena n-áirítear TemplateResponseMixin thuas), glao:meth: ~django.views.generic.base.contextMixin.get_context_data () `ag dul ar aon sonraí a theastaíonn uathu ann mar argóintí eochairfhocal. Tugann ``get_context_data () ``foclóir ar ais; i `ContextMixin` filleann sé a argóintí eochairfhocal ar ais, ach is coitianta é seo a shárú chun níos mó baill a chur leis an bhfoclóir. Is féidir leat an tréith: attr: ~django.views.generic.base.contextMixin.EXTRA_CONTEXT a úsáid freisin.

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Tuairimí cineálacha aicmbunaithe Django a thógáilLink to this heading#

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Féachaimis ar an gcaoi a ndéantar dhá cheann de thuairimí cineálacha aicmbunaithe Django a thógtar as meascáin a sholáthraíonn feidhmiúlacht scoite. Déanfaimid breithniú:class: ~django.views.generic.detail.detailView, a thugann dearcadh “mionsonraithe” ar réad, agus:class: ~django.views.generic.list.listView, a thabharfaidh liosta rudaí, de ghnáth ó shuíomh ceisteanna, agus iad a leathanaigh roghnach. Tabharfaidh sé seo ceithre mheascáin in aithne dúinn a sholáthraíonn feidhmiúlacht úsáideach eatarthu agus iad ag obair le réad Django amháin, nó le rudaí iolracha.

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Tá meascáin ann freisin leis na tuairimí eagarthóireachta cineálacha (:class: ~django.views.generic.edit.formView, agus na radhairc samhail-shonrach: class: ~django.views.generic.edit.createView, :class: ~django.views.generic.edit.updateView agus:class: ~django.views.generic.Edit.deleteView), agus sna tuairimí cineálacha dáta-bhunaithe. Tá siad seo clúdaithe sa doiciméadú tagartha: 'mixin tagartha'</ref/class-based-views/mixins>.

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``DetailView ``: ag obair le réad amháin DjangoLink to this heading#

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Chun mionsonraí réada a thaispeáint, ní mór dúinn dhá rud a dhéanamh go bunúsach: ní mór dúinn breathnú suas ar an réad agus ansin caithfimid a:class: ~django.template.Response.TemplateResponse le teimpléad oiriúnach, agus an réad sin mar chomhthéacs.

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Chun an réad a fháil, braitheann :class: ~django.views.generic.detailView ar:class: ~django.views.generic.detail.singleObjectMixin, a sholáthraíonn a:meth: ~django.views.generic.detail.singleObjectMixin.get_Object modh a chuireann amach an réad bunaithe ar URL an iarratais (féachann sé argóintí eochairfhocal pk agus slug` mar a dearbhaíodh sa URLConf, agus féachann sé an réad suas ón tréith: :attr: ~django.views.generic.detail.singleObjectMixin.Model ar an radharc, nó an tréith: attr: ~django.views.generic.detail.singleObjectMixin.QuerySet má chuirtear é sin ar fáil). Sáraíonn SingleObjectMixin freisin: meth: `~django.views.generic.base.contextMixin.get_context_data () `, a úsáidtear ar fud gach Django atá tógtha i dtuairimí rang-bhunaithe chun sonraí comhthéacs a sholáthar do léirithe teimpléad.

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Chun a dhéanamh ansin a:class: ~django.template.Response.TemplateResponse, :class: detailView úsáideas:class: ~django.views.generic.detail.singleObjectTemplateResponseMixin, a leathnaí:class: ~django.views.generic.base.templateResponseMixin, a leathnaíonn: meth: ~Django.Views.Generic.Base.TemplateResponseMixin.get_Template_Names () `mar a pléadh thuas. Soláthraíonn sé tacar réasúnta sofaisticiúil roghanna i ndáiríre, ach is é ``<app_label>/<model_name>_detail.html` an ceann is mó a úsáidfidh mórchuid na ndaoine. Is féidir an chuid _detail a athrú trí shocting:attr: ~django.views.generic.detail.singleObjectTemplateResponseMixin.Template_Name_suffix ar fho-aicme go rud éigin eile. (Mar shampla, bain <generic-editing>úsáid as de:doc: tuairimí eagarthóireachta cineálacha ```_form` chun tuairimí a chruthú agus a nuashonrú, agus _confirm_delete chun tuairimí a scriosadh.)

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ListView: ag obair le go leor rudaí DjangoLink to this heading#

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Leanann liostaí rudaí thart ar an bpatrún céanna: teastaíonn liosta rudaí (leathanaithe b'fhéidir) uainn, de ghnáth a:class: ~django.db.models.query.querySet, agus ansin ní mór dúinn a dhéanamh a:class: ~django.template.response.templateResponse le teimpléad oiriúnach ag baint úsáide as an liosta rudaí sin.

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Chun na rudaí a fháil, úsáideann :class: ~Django.Views.Generic.List.ListView: Class: ~Django.Views.Generic.List.MultipleObjectMixin, a sholáthraíonn an bheath:meth: ~Django.Views.Generic.List.MultipleObjectMixin.get_QuerySet agus:meth: ~django..S.Generic.List.MultipleObjectMixin.Paginate_QuerySet. Murab ionann agus la:class: ~django.views.generic.detail.singleObjectMixin, ní gá codanna den URL a chur amach chun an tacar ceisteanna a oibriú leis, mar sin úsáideann an réamhshocraithe:attr: ~Django.Views.Generic.List.MultipleObjectMixin.QuerySet nó:attr: ~Django.Views.Generic.List.MultipleObjectMixin.QuerySet nó:attr: ~Django.Views.Generic.Generic.List.MultipleObjectMixin.QuerySet nó: attr: ~django.views.Generic.Generic.List.MultipleObjectMixin.Tréith IC.List.MultipleObjectMixin.Model ar an rang amharc. Cúis choitianta chun athrú: meth: ~django.views.generic.list.multipleObjectMixin.get_querySet anseo ná na rudaí a athrú go dinimiciúil, mar shampla ag brath ar an úsáideoir reatha nó poist a eisiamh sa todhchaí do bhlag.

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MultipleObjectMixin also overrides\nget_context_data() to\ninclude appropriate context variables for pagination (providing\ndummies if pagination is disabled). It relies on object_list being\npassed in as a keyword argument, which ListView arranges for\nit.

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<django.views.generic.list.MultipleObjectTemplateResponseMixin><app_label><model_name>Chun a dhéanamh a:class: ~django.template.Response.TemplateResponse, :class: ListView ansin úsáideas:class: ~django.views.generic.list.multipleObjectTemplateResponseMiXin; mar le:class: ~django.views.generic.detail.singleObjectTemplateResponseMixin thuas, Sáraíonn sé seo get_template_names () ``chun: meth: `raon roghanna `a sholáthar, agus is é an ceann is coitianta a úsáidtear ná/_list.html``, agus an chuid _list á ghlacadh arís ó:attr: ~django.views.generic.list. MultipleObjectTemplateResponseMixin.Template_Name_Suffix tréith. (Úsáideann na tuairimí cineálacha dáta-bhunaithe iarmhairtí mar _archive, _archive_year` agus mar sin de chun teimpléid éagsúla a úsáid do na tuairimí speisialaithe liosta dáta-bhunaithe.)

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Ag baint úsáide as meascáin radharc rang-bhunaithe DjangoLink to this heading#

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Anois chonaic muid conas a úsáideann tuairimí cineálacha aicmbunaithe Django na meascáin a chuirtear ar fáil, féachaimis ar bhealaí eile is féidir linn iad a chur le chéile. Táimid fós ag cur le chéile iad le tuairimí rang-bhunaithe ionsuite, nó tuairimí cineálacha eile bunaithe ar rang, ach tá raon fadhbanna níos annamh ann is féidir leat a réiteach ná mar a sholáthraíonn Django as an mbosca.

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Ag baint úsáide as SingleObjectMixin le ViewLink to this heading#

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Más mian linn dearcadh rang-bhunaithe a scríobh nach bhfreagraíonn ach do POST `, déanfaimid fo-class:class: ~django.views.generic.base.view agus scríobhfaimid modh post () sa fho-rang. Mar sin féin más mian linn go n-oibreoidh ár bpróiseáil ar réad áirithe, a aithnítear ón URL, beidh muid ag iarraidh an fheidhmiúlacht a sholáthraí:class: ~django.views.generic.detail.singleObjectMixin.

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<generic-display>Taispeánfaimid é seo leis an tsamhail Údar a d'úsáid muid in:doc: `réamhrá tuairimí cineálacha aicmbunaithe `.

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views.py
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Python
from django.http import HttpResponseForbidden, HttpResponseRedirect\nfrom django.urls import reverse\nfrom django.views import View\nfrom django.views.generic.detail import SingleObjectMixin\nfrom books.models import Author\n\n\nclass RecordInterestView(SingleObjectMixin, View):\n    """Records the current user's interest in an author."""\n\n    model = Author\n\n    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):\n        if not request.user.is_authenticated:\n            return HttpResponseForbidden()\n\n        # Look up the author we're interested in.\n        self.object = self.get_object()\n        # Actually record interest somehow here!\n\n        return HttpResponseRedirect(\n            reverse("author-detail", kwargs={"pk": self.object.pk})\n        )\n
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Go praiticiúil is dócha gur mhaith leat an spéis i siopa luach eochair a thaifeadadh seachas i mbunachar sonraí coibhneasta, mar sin tá an beagán sin fágtha againn amach. Is é an t-aon chuid den dearcadh a chaithfidh a bheith buartha fao:class: ~django.views.generic.detail.singleObjectMixin an áit ar mhaith linn breathnú suas ar an údar atá suim againn ann, rud a dhéanann sé le glao ar ``self.get_object () ``. Tugann an mixin aire dúinn gach rud eile.

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Is féidir linn é seo a cheangal isteach inár URLanna go héasca go leor:

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urls.py
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Python
from django.urls import path\nfrom books.views import RecordInterestView\n\nurlpatterns = [\n    # ...\n    path(\n        "author/<int:pk>/interest/",\n        RecordInterestView.as_view(),\n        name="author-interest",\n    ),\n]\n
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Tabhair faoi deara an grúpa ainmnithe pk`, a úsáideann: meth: ~django.views.generic.detail.singleObjectMixin.get_Object chun an sampla ``Author ``a fheiceáil suas. D'fhéadfá slag a úsáid freisin, nó aon cheann de na gnéithe eile de:class: ~Django.Views.Generic.Detail.SingleObjectMixin.

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Ag baint úsáide as SingleObjectMixin le ``ListView ``Link to this heading#

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ListView provides built-in\npagination, but you might want to paginate a list of objects that are\nall linked (by a foreign key) to another object. In our publishing\nexample, you might want to paginate through all the books by a\nparticular publisher.

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Bealach amháin chun é seo a dhéanamh ná: class: ListView a chomhcheangal la:class: ~django.views.generic.detail.singleObjectMixin, ionas gur féidir leis an tacar ceisteanna don liosta leathanaigh leabhar crochadh as an foilsitheoir a aimsítear mar an réad aonair. D'fhonn é seo a dhéanamh, ní mór dúinn dhá cheist éagsúla a bheith againn:

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Tacar fiosrúcháin Book le húsáid ag:class: ~Django.Views.Generic.List.ListView

<backwards-related-objects>Ós rud é go bhfuil rochtain againn ar an Foilsitheoir ``a gcuid leabhair ba mhaith linn a liostáil, déanaimid ``get_queryset ()` a shárú agus úsáidimid an Publisher`:ref: `bainisteoir eochair eachtrach ar ais `.

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Tacar ceisteanna Publisher le húsáid in:meth: `~django.views.generic.detail.singleObjectMixin.get_Object () `

Beidh muid ag brath ar chur i bhfeidhm réamhshocraithe get_object () ``chun an réad ceart ``Publisher a fháil. Mar sin féin, ní mór dúinn argóint queryset a rith go sainráite mar ar shlí eile ghlaoigh cur i bhfeidhm réamhshocraithe get_object () ```get_queryset () a bhfuil athbhreithnithe againn chun rudaí Book a thabhairt ar ais in ionad Publisher cinn.

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Anois is féidir linn ``PublisherDetailView ``nua a scríobh:

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Code
from django.views.generic import ListView\nfrom django.views.generic.detail import SingleObjectMixin\nfrom books.models import Publisher\n\n\nclass PublisherDetailView(SingleObjectMixin, ListView):\n    paginate_by = 2\n    template_name = "books/publisher_detail.html"\n\n    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):\n        self.object = self.get_object(queryset=Publisher.objects.all())\n        return super().get(request, *args, **kwargs)\n\n    def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):\n        context = super().get_context_data(**kwargs)\n        context["publisher"] = self.object\n        return context\n\n    def get_queryset(self):\n        return self.object.book_set.all()\n
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Tabhair faoi deara conas a shocraímid self.object laistigh de get () ``ionas gur féidir linn é a úsáid arís níos déanaí i ``get_context_data () agus get_queryset () ``. Mura socraíonn tú ``template_name, réamhshocróidh an teimpléad ar an rogha gnáth:class: ListView, arb é sa chás seo ” books/book_list.html “ toisc gur liosta leabhair é; :class: ListView níl aon rud aige fao:class: ~django.views.generic.detail.singleObjectMixin, mar sin níl aon leid aige Is é an dearcadh a bhaineann le ``Foilsitheoir ``.

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Tá an paginate_by beag d'aon ghnó sa sampla mar sin ní gá duit go leor leabhar a chruthú chun an leathanaigh a fheiceáil ag obair! Seo an teimpléad ba mhaith leat a úsáid:

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Django template
{% extends "base.html" %}\n\n{% block content %}\n    <h2>Publisher {{ publisher.name }}</h2>\n\n    <ol>\n      {% for book in page_obj %}\n        <li>{{ book.title }}</li>\n      {% endfor %}\n    </ol>\n\n    <div class="pagination">\n        <span class="step-links">\n            {% if page_obj.has_previous %}\n                <a href="?page={{ page_obj.previous_page_number }}">previous</a>\n            {% endif %}\n\n            <span class="current">\n                Page {{ page_obj.number }} of {{ paginator.num_pages }}.\n            </span>\n\n            {% if page_obj.has_next %}\n                <a href="?page={{ page_obj.next_page_number }}">next</a>\n            {% endif %}\n        </span>\n    </div>\n{% endblock %}\n
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Seachain aon rud níos castaLink to this heading#

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Go ginearálta is féidir leat: class: ~Django.Views.Generic.Base.TemplateResponseMixin agus:class: ~Django.Views.Generic.Detail.SingleObjectMixin nuair a theastaíonn a bhfeidhmiúlacht uait. Mar a thaispeántar thuas, le beagán cúraim is féidir leat fiú SingleObjectMixin a chomhcheangal la:class: ~django.views.Generic.List.ListView. Mar sin féin éiríonn rudaí níos casta de réir mar a dhéanann tú iarracht é sin a dhéanamh, agus is é riail mhaith ordóige:

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Chun a thaispeáint cad a tharlaíonn nuair a dhéanann tú iarracht a bheith níos sofaisticiúla, taispeánann muid sampla a íobraíonn inléiteacht agus inchothabháil nuair a bhíonn réiteach níos simplí ann. Ar dtús, féachaimis ar iarracht naif chun: class: ~django.views.generic.detailView a chomhcheangal le: :class: ~django.views.generic.edit.formMixin chun a chumas dúinn ``POST ``django:Class: ~django.forms.forms.form ar an URL céanna agus muid ag taispeáint réad ag baint úsáide:class: Detail:`Amharc.

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Ag baint úsáide as FormMixin le ``DetailView ``Link to this heading#

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Smaoinigh ar ais ar ár sampla níos luaithe maidir le húsáid: class: View agus:class: ~django.views.generic.detail.singleObjectMixin le chéile. Bhíomar ag taifeadadh spéis úsáideora in údar áirithe; abair anois gur mhaith linn ligean dóibh teachtaireacht a fhágáil ag rá cén fáth gur maith leo iad. Arís, glacaimis leis nach bhfuilimid chun é seo a stóráil i mbunachar sonraí coibhneasta ach ina ionad sin i rud éigin níos esoteric nach mbeidh imní orainn faoi anseo.

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Ag an bpointe seo tá sé nádúrtha teacht ar a:class: ~django.forms.form chun an fhaisnéis a sheoltar ó bhrabhsálaí an úsáideora chuig Django a chumhdú. Abair freisin go bhfuil infheistíocht mhór againn i REST, mar sin ba mhaith linn an URL céanna a úsáid chun an t-údar a thaispeáint agus chun an teachtaireacht a ghabháil ón úsáideoir. Déanaimis ár “AuthorDetailView” a athscríobh chun é sin a dhéanamh.

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Coinneoimid an láimhseáil GET ó:class: detailView, cé go mbeidh orainn a:class: ~django.forms.form a chur isteach sna sonraí comhthéacs ionas gur féidir linn é a rinneadh sa teimpléad. Beidh muid ag iarraidh próiseáil foirme a tharraingt isteach ó:class: ~django.views.generic.edit.formMixin, agus beagán cód a scríobh ionas go gcuirfear an fhoirm ar POST` glaoch go cuí ar an bhfoirm.

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Breathnaíonn ár “AuthorDetailView” nua mar seo:

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Code
# CAUTION: you almost certainly do not want to do this.\n# It is provided as part of a discussion of problems you can\n# run into when combining different generic class-based view\n# functionality that is not designed to be used together.\n\nfrom django import forms\nfrom django.http import HttpResponseForbidden\nfrom django.urls import reverse\nfrom django.views.generic import DetailView\nfrom django.views.generic.edit import FormMixin\nfrom books.models import Author\n\n\nclass AuthorInterestForm(forms.Form):\n    message = forms.CharField()\n\n\nclass AuthorDetailView(FormMixin, DetailView):\n    model = Author\n    form_class = AuthorInterestForm\n\n    def get_success_url(self):\n        return reverse("author-detail", kwargs={"pk": self.object.pk})\n\n    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):\n        if not request.user.is_authenticated:\n            return HttpResponseForbidden()\n        self.object = self.get_object()\n        form = self.get_form()\n        if form.is_valid():\n            return self.form_valid(form)\n        else:\n            return self.form_invalid(form)\n\n    def form_valid(self, form):\n        # Here, we would record the user's interest using the message\n        # passed in form.cleaned_data['message']\n        return super().form_valid(form)\n
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Soláthraíonn get_success_url () ``áit éigin le atreorú chuig, a úsáidtear i bhfeidhm réamhshocraithe ``form_valid (). Caithfimid ár “post ()” féin a sholáthar mar a luadh níos luaithe.

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Réiteach níos fearrLink to this heading#

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Tá líon na n-idirghníomhaíochtaí caolchúiseach idir:class: ~django.views.generic.edit.formMixin agus:class: detailView ag tástáil ár gcumas rudaí a bhainistiú cheana féin. Ní dócha go mbeadh tú ag iarraidh an cineál seo ranga a scríobh tú féin.

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Sa chás seo, d'fhéadfá an modh ``post () a scríobh tú féin, ag coinneáil: class: `DetailView mar an t-aon fheidhmiúlacht chineálach, cé go bhfuil go leor dúbailte i gceist le cód láimhseála ag scríbhneo:class: ~django.forms.form.

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De rogha air sin, bheadh sé níos lú oibre fós ná an cur chuige thuas dearcadh ar leithligh a bheith agat chun an fhoirm a phróiseáil, a d'fhéadfaí úsáid: class: ~django.views.generic.edit.formView ar leithligh ó:class: detailView gan imní.

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Réiteach malartach níos fearrLink to this heading#

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Is é an rud atá againn i ndáiríre ag iarraidh a dhéanamh anseo ná dhá dhearcadh éagsúla bunaithe ar rang a úsáid ón URL céanna. Mar sin, cén fáth nach ndéanfaidh sé sin díreach? Tá rannán an-shoiléir againn anseo: ba chóir go bhfaighidh iarratais GET an:class: detailView (leis na:class: ~django.forms.form curtha leis na sonraí comhthéacs), agus ba chóir go bhfaighidh iarratais ``POST ``an:class: FormView. Déanaimis na tuairimí sin a bhunú ar dtús.

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Tá an dearcadh AuthorDetailView beagnach mar an gcéanna len:ref: nuair a thugamar AuthorDetailView isteach ar dtús `<generic-views-extra-work>; caithfimid ár ``get_context_data () ``féin a scríobh chun an `AuthorInterestForm` a chur ar fáil don teimpléad. Sceapfaimid an “get_object ()” a shárú ó roimhe seo le haghaidh soiléireachta:

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from django import forms\nfrom django.views.generic import DetailView\nfrom books.models import Author\n\n\nclass AuthorInterestForm(forms.Form):\n    message = forms.CharField()\n\n\nclass AuthorDetailView(DetailView):\n    model = Author\n\n    def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):\n        context = super().get_context_data(**kwargs)\n        context["form"] = AuthorInterestForm()\n        return context\n
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Ansin is é an AuthorInterestFormView` a:class: FormView, ach caithfimid a thabhairt isteach: class: ~django.views.generic.detail.singleObjectMixin ionas gur féidir linn an t-údar atá á caint air a fháil, agus caithfimid cuimhneamh ar template_name a shocrú chun a chinntiú go ndéanfaidh earráidí foirme an teimpléad céanna le AuthorDetailView` ag baint úsáide as GET:

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from django.http import HttpResponseForbidden\nfrom django.urls import reverse\nfrom django.views.generic import FormView\nfrom django.views.generic.detail import SingleObjectMixin\n\n\nclass AuthorInterestFormView(SingleObjectMixin, FormView):\n    template_name = "books/author_detail.html"\n    form_class = AuthorInterestForm\n    model = Author\n\n    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):\n        if not request.user.is_authenticated:\n            return HttpResponseForbidden()\n        self.object = self.get_object()\n        return super().post(request, *args, **kwargs)\n\n    def get_success_url(self):\n        return reverse("author-detail", kwargs={"pk": self.object.pk})\n
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Faoi dheireadh tugaimid é seo le chéile i radharc nua ``AuthorView`. Tá a fhios againn cheana féin go dtugann glao:meth: `~django.views.generic.base.view.as_view () `ar dhearcadh rang-bhunaithe rud dúinn a iompraíonn go díreach cosúil le dearcadh bunaithe ar fheidhm, ionas gur féidir linn é sin a dhéanamh ag an bpointe a roghnaímid idir an dá fho-radharc.

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Is féidir leat dul trí argóintí eochairfhocal chuig:meth: `~django.views.generic.base.view.as_view () `ar an mbealach céanna a dhéanfá i do URLConf, amhail dá dteastaíonn uait go mbeadh an iompar `AuthorInterestFormView ``le feiceáil ag URL eile ach ag baint úsáide as teimpléad difriúil:

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from django.views import View\n\n\nclass AuthorView(View):\n    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):\n        view = AuthorDetailView.as_view()\n        return view(request, *args, **kwargs)\n\n    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):\n        view = AuthorInterestFormView.as_view()\n        return view(request, *args, **kwargs)\n
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Is féidir an cur chuige seo a úsáid freisin le haon tuairimí cineálacha eile bunaithe ar aicme nó le do thuairimí rang-bhunaithe féin a thagann oidhreacht go díreach ó:class: View nó:class: TemplateView, toisc go gcoinníonn sé na tuairimí éagsúla chomh scartha agus is féidir.

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Níos mó ná HTML amháinLink to this heading#

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Is é an áit a bhfuil tuairimí bunaithe ar rang-bhunaithe nuair is mian leat an rud céanna a dhéanamh arís agus arís eile. Cuir i gcás go bhfuil API á scríobh agat, agus ba cheart do gach radharc JSON a thabhairt ar ais in ionad HTML rindreáilte

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Is féidir linn rang mixin a chruthú le húsáid inár dtuairimí go léir, ag láimhseáil an tiontú go JSON uair amháin.

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Mar shampla, d'fhéadfadh go mbeadh cuma mar seo ar mheascán JSON:

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from django.http import JsonResponse\n\n\nclass JSONResponseMixin:\n    """\n    A mixin that can be used to render a JSON response.\n    """\n\n    def render_to_json_response(self, context, **response_kwargs):\n        """\n        Returns a JSON response, transforming 'context' to make the payload.\n        """\n        return JsonResponse(self.get_data(context), **response_kwargs)\n\n    def get_data(self, context):\n        """\n        Returns an object that will be serialized as JSON by json.dumps().\n        """\n        # Note: This is *EXTREMELY* naive; in reality, you'll need\n        # to do much more complex handling to ensure that arbitrary\n        # objects -- such as Django model instances or querysets\n        # -- can be serialized as JSON.\n        return context\n
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Soláthraíonn an mixin seo modh render_to_json_response () ``leis an síniú céanna amha:func: `~Django.Views.Generic.Base.TemplateResponseMixin.Render_to_Response () `. Chun é a úsáid, ní mór dúinn é a mheascadh i ``TemplateView mar shampla, agus render_to_response () ``a shárú chun `render_to_json_response () a ghlaoch ina ionad:

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from django.views.generic import TemplateView\n\n\nclass JSONView(JSONResponseMixin, TemplateView):\n    def render_to_response(self, context, **response_kwargs):\n        return self.render_to_json_response(context, **response_kwargs)\n
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Mar an gcéanna d'fhéadfaimis ár meascán a úsáid le ceann de na tuairimí cineálacha. Is féidir linn ár leagan féin de:class: ~django.views.generic.detail.detailView a dhéanamh trí JSONResponseMixin a mheascadh leis na:class: ~django.views.generic.detail.detail.baseDetailView -- (an: class: ~Django.Views.Generic.DetailView sula ndéantar iompar rindreála teimpléad measctha):

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from django.views.generic.detail import BaseDetailView\n\n\nclass JSONDetailView(JSONResponseMixin, BaseDetailView):\n    def render_to_response(self, context, **response_kwargs):\n        return self.render_to_json_response(context, **response_kwargs)\n
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Is féidir an dearcadh seo a imscaradh ar an mbealach céanna le haon ain:class: ~django.views.generic.detail.detailView, leis an iompar céanna go díreach -- ach amháin i gcás formáid na freagartha.

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Más mian leat a bheith an-eachtraíochta, d'fhéadfá fo-aicme a:class: ~django.views.generic.detail.detailView a mheascadh atá in ann ábhar HTML agus JSON a thabhairt ar ais, ag brath ar roinnt maoin den iarratas HTTP, mar argóint fiosrúcháin nó ceannteideal HTTP. Measc sna JSONResponseMixin agus a:class: ~Django.Views.Generic.Detail.SingleObjectTemplateResponseMixin araon, agus déan cur i bhfeidhmiú:func: `~Django.Views.Generic.Base.TemplateResponseMixin.Render_to_Response () `a chur siar go dtí an modh rindreála cuí ag brath ar an cineál freagra a d'iarr an t-úsáideoir:

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from django.views.generic.detail import SingleObjectTemplateResponseMixin\n\n\nclass HybridDetailView(\n    JSONResponseMixin, SingleObjectTemplateResponseMixin, BaseDetailView\n):\n    def render_to_response(self, context):\n        # Look for a 'format=json' GET argument\n        if self.request.GET.get("format") == "json":\n            return self.render_to_json_response(context)\n        else:\n            return super().render_to_response(context)\n
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Mar gheall ar an mbealach a réitíonn Python ró-ualú modh, críochnaíonn an glao chuig ``super () .render_to_response (context) ag glaoch ar:meth: `~django.views.generic.base.templateResponsemixin.render_to_response () cur i bhfeidhm ar:class: `~django.views.generic.basixe.templateResponseMixin.Render_to_Response ()”.

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