{"title":"Ranganna Teagaisc GeodJango","version":"5.2","locale":"ga","docname":"ref/contrib/gis/tutorial","url":"/ga/5.2/ref/contrib/gis/tutorial/","canonical":"https://djangodocs.dev/ga/5.2/ref/contrib/gis/tutorial/","summary":"Réamhrá Link to this heading # Is modúl contrib san áireamh é GeodJango do Django a iompaíonn é ina creat gréasáin geografach den scoth. Déanann GeodJango iarracht…","html":"

Ranganna Teagaisc GeodJangoLink to this heading#

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RéamhráLink to this heading#

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Is modúl contrib san áireamh é GeodJango do Django a iompaíonn é ina creat gréasáin geografach den scoth. Déanann GeodJango iarracht é a dhéanamh chomh simplí agus is féidir feidhmchláir gréasáin geografacha a chruthú, cosúil le seirbhísí suíomh-bhunaithe. I measc a ghnéithe tá:

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Glacann an rang teagaisc seo le eolas ar Django; dá bhrí sin, má tá tú nua-aimseartha do Django, léigh trí:doc: `rang teagaisc rialta' le do thoil chun eolas a chur ar Django ar dtús. </intro/tutorial01>

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Tabharfaidh an rang teagaisc seo treoir duit trí fheidhmchlár gréasáin geografach a chruthú chun féachaint ar na teorainneacha domhain. [#] _ Tógtar cuid den chód a úsáidtear sa rang teagaisc seo ó thionscadal GeoDjango bunaipeanna `_ agus/nó spreagtha ag an tionscadal `GeoDjango bunús.

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Ag bhunúLink to this heading#

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Cruthaigh Bunachar Sonraí SpásúilLink to this heading#

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De ghnáth ní theastaíonn socrú speisialta, ionas gur féidir leat bunachar sonraí a chruthú mar a dhéanfá d'aon tionscadal eile. Soláthraímid roinnt leideanna do bhunachar sonraí roghnai

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Cruthaigh Tionscadal NuaLink to this heading#

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Úsáid an script caighdeánach django-admin ``chun tionscadal ar a dtugtar ``geodjango a chruthú:

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Linux / macOS

Shell
$ django-admin startproject geodjango\n
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Windows

Windows
...\\> django-admin startproject geodjango\n
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Cuirfidh sé seo tionscadal nua a thosú. Anois, cruthaigh feidhmchlár domh Django laistigh den tionscadal geodjango:

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Linux / macOS

Shell
$ cd geodjango\n$ python manage.py startapp world\n
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Windows

Windows
...\\> cd geodjango\n...\\> py manage.py startapp world\n
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Cumraigh settings.pyLink to this heading#

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Stóráiltear na socruithe tionscadail geodjango sa chomhad geodjango/settings.py. Cuir na socruithe nasc bunachar sonraí in eagar chun do shocrú a mheaitseáil:

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Code
DATABASES = {\n    "default": {\n        "ENGINE": "django.contrib.gis.db.backends.postgis",\n        "NAME": "geodjango",\n        "USER": "geo",\n    },\n}\n
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Ina theannta sin, modhnaigh an socrú:setting: INSTALLED_APPS chun go n-áirítear: mod: django.contrib.admin, :mod: django.contrib.gis, agus world (d'iarratas nua-chruthaithe):

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Code
INSTALLED_APPS = [\n    "django.contrib.admin",\n    "django.contrib.auth",\n    "django.contrib.contenttypes",\n    "django.contrib.sessions",\n    "django.contrib.messages",\n    "django.contrib.staticfiles",\n    "django.contrib.gis",\n    "world",\n]\n
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Sonraí GeografachaLink to this heading#

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Teorainneacha DomhandaLink to this heading#

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Tá sonraí teorainneacha an domhain ar fáil sa chomhad zip `__ seo. Cruthaigh eolaire ``sonra` san fheidhmchlár ``domhan`, íoslódáil na sonraí teorainneacha domhanda, agus dí-zip. Ar ardáin GNU/Linux, bain úsáid as na horduithe seo a leanas:

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Linux / macOS

Shell
$ mkdir world/data\n$ cd world/data\n$ wget https://web.archive.org/web/20231220150759/https://thematicmapping.org/downloads/TM_WORLD_BORDERS-0.3.zip\n$ unzip TM_WORLD_BORDERS-0.3.zip\n$ cd ../..\n
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Windows

Windows
...\\> mkdir world\\data\n...\\> cd world\\data\n...\\> wget https://web.archive.org/web/20231220150759/https://thematicmapping.org/downloads/TM_WORLD_BORDERS-0.3.zip\n...\\> unzip TM_WORLD_BORDERS-0.3.zip\n...\\> cd ..\\..\n
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Tá sraith comhaid sonraí sa chomhad ZIP teorainneacha domhanda ar a dtugtar `ESRI Shapefile`__ le chéile, ceann de na formáidí sonraí geospásúla is mó éilimh. Nuair a dhíshuitear iad, cuimsíonn tacar sonraí teorainneacha domhanda comhaid leis na síntí seo a leanas:

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Úsáid ogrinfo chun sonraí spásúla a scrúdúLink to this heading#

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Ligeann fóntais GDAL ``ogrinfo` a scrúdú ar mheiteashonraí comhaid cruth nó foinsí sonraí veicteora eile:

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Linux / macOS

Shell
$ ogrinfo world/data/TM_WORLD_BORDERS-0.3.shp\nINFO: Open of `world/data/TM_WORLD_BORDERS-0.3.shp'\n      using driver `ESRI Shapefile' successful.\n1: TM_WORLD_BORDERS-0.3 (Polygon)\n
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Windows

Windows
...\\> ogrinfo world\\data\\TM_WORLD_BORDERS-0.3.shp\nINFO: Open of `world/data/TM_WORLD_BORDERS-0.3.shp'\n      using driver `ESRI Shapefile' successful.\n1: TM_WORLD_BORDERS-0.3 (Polygon)\n
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Insíonn ogrinfo dúinn go bhfuil ciseal amháin ag an bhformáid, agus go bhfuil sonraí polugón sa chiseal seo. Chun tuilleadh a fháil amach, sonróimid ainm an chiseal agus úsáidfimid an rogha ``-so ``chun an fhaisnéis achoimre tábhachtach a fháil amháin:

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Linux / macOS

Shell
$ ogrinfo -so world/data/TM_WORLD_BORDERS-0.3.shp TM_WORLD_BORDERS-0.3\nINFO: Open of `world/data/TM_WORLD_BORDERS-0.3.shp'\n      using driver `ESRI Shapefile' successful.\n\nLayer name: TM_WORLD_BORDERS-0.3\nMetadata:\n  DBF_DATE_LAST_UPDATE=2008-07-30\nGeometry: Polygon\nFeature Count: 246\nExtent: (-180.000000, -90.000000) - (180.000000, 83.623596)\nLayer SRS WKT:\nGEOGCRS["WGS 84",\n    DATUM["World Geodetic System 1984",\n        ELLIPSOID["WGS 84",6378137,298.257223563,\n            LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]]],\n    PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,\n        ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],\n    CS[ellipsoidal,2],\n        AXIS["latitude",north,\n            ORDER[1],\n            ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],\n        AXIS["longitude",east,\n            ORDER[2],\n            ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],\n    ID["EPSG",4326]]\nData axis to CRS axis mapping: 2,1\nFIPS: String (2.0)\nISO2: String (2.0)\nISO3: String (3.0)\nUN: Integer (3.0)\nNAME: String (50.0)\nAREA: Integer (7.0)\nPOP2005: Integer64 (10.0)\nREGION: Integer (3.0)\nSUBREGION: Integer (3.0)\nLON: Real (8.3)\nLAT: Real (7.3)\n
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Windows

Windows
...\\> ogrinfo -so world\\data\\TM_WORLD_BORDERS-0.3.shp TM_WORLD_BORDERS-0.3\nINFO: Open of `world/data/TM_WORLD_BORDERS-0.3.shp'\n      using driver `ESRI Shapefile' successful.\n\nLayer name: TM_WORLD_BORDERS-0.3\nMetadata:\n  DBF_DATE_LAST_UPDATE=2008-07-30\nGeometry: Polygon\nFeature Count: 246\nExtent: (-180.000000, -90.000000) - (180.000000, 83.623596)\nLayer SRS WKT:\nGEOGCRS["WGS 84",\n    DATUM["World Geodetic System 1984",\n        ELLIPSOID["WGS 84",6378137,298.257223563,\n            LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]]],\n    PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,\n        ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],\n    CS[ellipsoidal,2],\n        AXIS["latitude",north,\n            ORDER[1],\n            ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],\n        AXIS["longitude",east,\n            ORDER[2],\n            ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],\n    ID["EPSG",4326]]\nData axis to CRS axis mapping: 2,1\nFIPS: String (2.0)\nISO2: String (2.0)\nISO3: String (3.0)\nUN: Integer (3.0)\nNAME: String (50.0)\nAREA: Integer (7.0)\nPOP2005: Integer64 (10.0)\nREGION: Integer (3.0)\nSUBREGION: Integer (3.0)\nLON: Real (8.3)\nLAT: Real (7.3)\n
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Insíonn an fhaisnéis achoimre mionsonraithe seo dúinn líon na ngnéithe sa chiseal (246), teorainneacha geografacha na sonraí, an córas tagartha spásúil (“SRS WKT”), chomh maith le faisnéis chineál do gach réimse tréithe. Mar shampla, léiríonn FIPS: String (2.0) ``go bhfuil fad uasta 2 ag an réimse carachtar ``FIPS. Ar an gcaoi chéanna, is réimse pointe snámh é `LON: Real (8.3) `a bhfuil uasmhéid de 8 dhigit suas le trí áit deachúil.

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Samhlacha GeografachaLink to this heading#

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Samhail Geografach a shainiúLink to this heading#

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Anois go ndearna tú scrúdú ar do thacar sonraí ag baint úsáide as ``ogrinfo`, cruthaigh samhail GeodJango chun na sonraí seo a léiriú:

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from django.contrib.gis.db import models\n\n\nclass WorldBorder(models.Model):\n    # Regular Django fields corresponding to the attributes in the\n    # world borders shapefile.\n    name = models.CharField(max_length=50)\n    area = models.IntegerField()\n    pop2005 = models.IntegerField("Population 2005")\n    fips = models.CharField("FIPS Code", max_length=2, null=True)\n    iso2 = models.CharField("2 Digit ISO", max_length=2)\n    iso3 = models.CharField("3 Digit ISO", max_length=3)\n    un = models.IntegerField("United Nations Code")\n    region = models.IntegerField("Region Code")\n    subregion = models.IntegerField("Sub-Region Code")\n    lon = models.FloatField()\n    lat = models.FloatField()\n\n    # GeoDjango-specific: a geometry field (MultiPolygonField)\n    mpoly = models.MultiPolygonField()\n\n    # Returns the string representation of the model.\n    def __str__(self):\n        return self.name\n
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Tabhair faoi deara go n-allmhairítear an modúl samhlacha ``ó `django.contrib.gis.db.

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Is é WGS84 an córas tagartha spásúil réamhshocraithe do réimsí geoiméadra (rud a chiallaíonn gurb é 4326 an `SRID`__) - is é sin le rá, tá na comhordanáidí réimse i bhfad, péirí domhanleithead in aonaid céimeanna. Chun córas comhordaithe difriúil a úsáid, socraigh SRID an réimse geoiméadrach leis an argóint srid. Úsáid sláimhir a léiríonn cód EPSG an chórais chomhordaithe.

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Rith `imirceLink to this heading#

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Tar éis duit do mhúnla a shainiú, ní mór duit é a shioncronú leis an mbunachar sonraí. Ar dtús, cruthaigh imirce bunachar sonraí:

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Linux / macOS

Shell
$ python manage.py makemigrations\nMigrations for 'world':\n  world/migrations/0001_initial.py:\n    + Create model WorldBorder\n
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Windows

Windows
...\\> py manage.py makemigrations\nMigrations for 'world':\n  world/migrations/0001_initial.py:\n    + Create model WorldBorder\n
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Breathnaímid ar an SQL a ghinfidh an tábla don tsamhail ``Worldborder`:

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Linux / macOS

Shell
$ python manage.py sqlmigrate world 0001\n
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Windows

Windows
...\\> py manage.py sqlmigrate world 0001\n
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Ba chóir go dtáirgfeadh an t-ordú seo an t-aschur seo

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SQL
BEGIN;\n--\n-- Create model WorldBorder\n--\nCREATE TABLE "world_worldborder" (\n    "id" bigint NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY,\n    "name" varchar(50) NOT NULL,\n    "area" integer NOT NULL,\n    "pop2005" integer NOT NULL,\n    "fips" varchar(2) NOT NULL,\n    "iso2" varchar(2) NOT NULL,\n    "iso3" varchar(3) NOT NULL,\n    "un" integer NOT NULL,\n    "region" integer NOT NULL,\n    "subregion" integer NOT NULL,\n    "lon" double precision NOT NULL,\n    "lat" double precision NOT NULL\n    "mpoly" geometry(MULTIPOLYGON,4326) NOT NULL\n)\n;\nCREATE INDEX "world_worldborder_mpoly_id" ON "world_worldborder" USING GIST ("mpoly");\nCOMMIT;\n
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Má tá cuma ceart air seo, rith: djadmin: migrate chun an tábla seo a chruthú sa bhunachar sonraí:

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Linux / macOS

Shell
$ python manage.py migrate\nOperations to perform:\n  Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions, world\nRunning migrations:\n  ...\n  Applying world.0001_initial... OK\n
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Windows

Windows
...\\> py manage.py migrate\nOperations to perform:\n  Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions, world\nRunning migrations:\n  ...\n  Applying world.0001_initial... OK\n
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Sonraí Spásúla a IomLink to this heading#

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Taispeánfaidh an chuid seo duit conas comhad cruth teorainneacha domhanda a iompórtáil isteach sa bhunachar sonraí trí mhúnlaí GeodJango ag baint úsáide as an: doc: layermapping.

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Tá go leor bealaí éagsúla ann chun sonraí a iompórtáil isteach i mbunachar sonraí spásúil - seachas na huirlisí atá san áireamh laistigh de GeodJango, is féidir leat na rudaí seo a leanas a úsáid

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Comhéadan GDALLink to this heading#

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Níos luaithe, d'úsáid tú ogrinfo chun ábhar an chomhad cruth teorainneacha domhanda a scrúdú. Cuimsíonn GeoDjango comhéadan Pythonic freisin le leabharlann cumhachtach OGR GDAL atá in ann oibriú leis na foinsí sonraí veicteora go léir a thacaíonn OGR.

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Ar dtús, glaoch ar an bhlaosc Django:

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Linux / macOS

Shell
$ python manage.py shell\n
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Windows

Windows
...\\> py manage.py shell\n
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Má íoslódáil tú na sonraí:ref: worldborders níos luaithe sa rang teagaisc, ansin is féidir leat a chonair a chinneadh ag baint úsáide as Python's:class: pathlib.path:

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Python console
>>> from pathlib import Path\n>>> import world\n>>> world_shp = Path(world.__file__).resolve().parent / "data" / "TM_WORLD_BORDERS-0.3.shp"\n
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Anois, oscail an comhad cruth teorainneacha domhanda ag baint úsáide as comhéadan GeodjangoS:Class: ~django.contrib.gis.gdal.datasource:

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Python console
>>> from django.contrib.gis.gdal import DataSource\n>>> ds = DataSource(world_shp)\n>>> print(ds)\n/ ... /geodjango/world/data/TM_WORLD_BORDERS-0.3.shp (ESRI Shapefile)\n
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Is féidir le sraitheanna éagsúla de ghnéithe geospásúla a bheith ag rudaí foinse sonraí; áfach, ní cheadaítear ach sraith amháin a bheith ag comhaid chruthacha:

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Python console
>>> print(len(ds))\n1\n>>> lyr = ds[0]\n>>> print(lyr)\nTM_WORLD_BORDERS-0.3\n
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Is féidir leat cineál geoiméadrach an chiseal a fheiceáil agus cé mhéad gné atá ann:

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Python console
>>> print(lyr.geom_type)\nPolygon\n>>> print(len(lyr))\n246\n
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D'fhéadfadh go mbeadh córas tagartha spásúil a bhaineann leis an:class: ~django.contrib.gis.gdal.layer freisin. Má dhéanann sé, cuirfidh an tréith srs ar ais a:class: ~django.contrib.gis.gdal.spatialReference réad:

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Python console
>>> srs = lyr.srs\n>>> print(srs)\nGEOGCS["WGS 84",\nDATUM["WGS_1984",\n    SPHEROID["WGS 84",6378137,298.257223563,\n        AUTHORITY["EPSG","7030"]],\n    AUTHORITY["EPSG","6326"]],\nPRIMEM["Greenwich",0,\n    AUTHORITY["EPSG","8901"]],\nUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433,\n    AUTHORITY["EPSG","9122"]],\nAXIS["Latitude",NORTH],\nAXIS["Longitude",EAST],\nAUTHORITY["EPSG","4326"]]\n>>> srs.proj  # PROJ representation\n'+proj=longlat +datum=WGS84 +no_defs'\n
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Tá an comhad cruth seo sa chóras tagartha spásúil WGS84 a bhfuil tóir orthu - is é sin le rá, úsáideann na sonraí domhanfhad, péirí domhanleithead in aonaid céimeanna.

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Ina theannta sin, tacaíonn shapefiles le réimsí tréithe a d'fhéadfadh sonraí breise a bheith iontu. Seo na réimsí ar an gciseal Teorainneacha Domhanda:

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Code
>>> print(lyr.fields)\n['FIPS', 'ISO2', 'ISO3', 'UN', 'NAME', 'AREA', 'POP2005', 'REGION', 'SUBREGION', 'LON', 'LAT']\n
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Ligfidh an cód seo a leanas duit scrúdú a dhéanamh ar na cineálacha OGR (m.shláimhir nó sreang) a bhaineann le gach ceann de na réimsí:

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Code
>>> [fld.__name__ for fld in lyr.field_types]\n['OFTString', 'OFTString', 'OFTString', 'OFTInteger', 'OFTString', 'OFTInteger', 'OFTInteger64', 'OFTInteger', 'OFTInteger', 'OFTReal', 'OFTReal']\n
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Is féidir leat athrá thar gach gné sa chiseal agus faisnéis a bhaint as geoiméadacht na gné (rochtain tríd an tréith geom) chomh maith le réimsí tréithe na ngné (a gcuirtear rochtain ar a luacha** trí mhodh ``get () ``):

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Python console
>>> for feat in lyr:\n...     print(feat.get("NAME"), feat.geom.num_points)\n...\nGuernsey 18\nJersey 26\nSouth Georgia South Sandwich Islands 338\nTaiwan 363\n
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Layer objects may be sliced:

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Python console
>>> lyr[0:2]\n[<django.contrib.gis.gdal.feature.Feature object at 0x2f47690>, <django.contrib.gis.gdal.feature.Feature object at 0x2f47650>]\n
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Agus is féidir gnéithe aonair a aisghabháil ag a n-ID gné:

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Python console
>>> feat = lyr[234]\n>>> print(feat.get("NAME"))\nSan Marino\n
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Féadfar geoiméadraí teorann a onnmhairiú mar WKT agus GeoJSON:

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Python console
>>> geom = feat.geom\n>>> print(geom.wkt)\nPOLYGON ((12.415798 43.957954,12.450554 ...\n>>> print(geom.json)\n{ "type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [ [ [ 12.415798, 43.957954 ], [ 12.450554, 43.979721 ], ...\n
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Sraith mapingLink to this heading#

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Chun na sonraí a iompórtáil, bain úsáid as LayerMapping i script Python. Cruthaigh comhad ar a dtugtar load.py taobh istigh den fheidhmchlár world, leis an gcód seo a leanas:

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Code
from pathlib import Path\nfrom django.contrib.gis.utils import LayerMapping\nfrom .models import WorldBorder\n\nworld_mapping = {\n    "fips": "FIPS",\n    "iso2": "ISO2",\n    "iso3": "ISO3",\n    "un": "UN",\n    "name": "NAME",\n    "area": "AREA",\n    "pop2005": "POP2005",\n    "region": "REGION",\n    "subregion": "SUBREGION",\n    "lon": "LON",\n    "lat": "LAT",\n    "mpoly": "MULTIPOLYGON",\n}\n\nworld_shp = Path(__file__).resolve().parent / "data" / "TM_WORLD_BORDERS-0.3.shp"\n\n\ndef run(verbose=True):\n    lm = LayerMapping(WorldBorder, world_shp, world_mapping, transform=False)\n    lm.save(strict=True, verbose=verbose)\n
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Cúpla nóta faoin méid atá ar siúl:

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Ina dhiaidh sin, glaoch ar an bhlaosc Django ón eolaire tionscadail geodjango:

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Linux / macOS

Shell
$ python manage.py shell\n
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Windows

Windows
...\\> py manage.py shell\n
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Ansin, iompórtáil an modúl load ``, glaoigh ar an ngnáthamh ``run, agus féach ar Layermapping ag déanamh an obair:

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Python console
>>> from world import load\n>>> load.run()\n
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Bain triail as ogrinspectLink to this heading#

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Anois go bhfaca tú conas samhlacha geografacha a shainiú agus sonraí a iompórtáil leis an: doc: layermapping, is féidir an próiseas seo a uathoibriú tuilleadh trí úsáid a bhaint as an ordú bainistíochta: djadmin: ogrinspect. Déanann an t-ordú: Djadmin: ogrinspect inspreagadh foinse sonraí veicteora tacaíochta le GDAL (m.sh., comhad cruth) agus gineann sé sainmhíniú samhail agus foclóir LayerMapping go huathoibríoch.

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Tá úsáid ghinearálta an ordaithe mar seo a leanas:

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Linux / macOS

Shell
$ python manage.py ogrinspect [options] <data_source> <model_name> [options]\n
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Windows

Windows
...\\> py manage.py ogrinspect [options] <data_source> <model_name> [options]\n
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Is é data_source an cosán chuig an bhfoinse sonraí a thacaíonn GDAL agus model_name an t-ainm atá le húsáid don tsamhail. Féadfar roghanna líne ordaithe a úsáid chun a shainiú tuilleadh conas a ghintear an tsamhail.

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Mar shampla, atháirgeann an t-ordú seo a leanas beagnach an tsamhail Worldborder agus an foclóir mapála a cruthaíodh thuas, go huathoibríoch:

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Linux / macOS

Shell
$ python manage.py ogrinspect world/data/TM_WORLD_BORDERS-0.3.shp WorldBorder \\\n    --srid=4326 --mapping --multi\n
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Windows

Windows
...\\> py manage.py ogrinspect world\\data\\TM_WORLD_BORDERS-0.3.shp WorldBorder \\\n    --srid=4326 --mapping --multi\n
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Cúpla nóta faoi na roghanna líne ordaithe a thugtar thuas:

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Táirgeann an t-ordú an t-aschur seo a leanas, ar féidir a chóipeáil go díreach isteach sa models.py` d'fheidhmchlár GeoDjango:

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Code
# This is an auto-generated Django model module created by ogrinspect.\nfrom django.contrib.gis.db import models\n\n\nclass WorldBorder(models.Model):\n    fips = models.CharField(max_length=2)\n    iso2 = models.CharField(max_length=2)\n    iso3 = models.CharField(max_length=3)\n    un = models.IntegerField()\n    name = models.CharField(max_length=50)\n    area = models.IntegerField()\n    pop2005 = models.IntegerField()\n    region = models.IntegerField()\n    subregion = models.IntegerField()\n    lon = models.FloatField()\n    lat = models.FloatField()\n    geom = models.MultiPolygonField(srid=4326)\n\n\n# Auto-generated `LayerMapping` dictionary for WorldBorder model\nworldborders_mapping = {\n    "fips": "FIPS",\n    "iso2": "ISO2",\n    "iso3": "ISO3",\n    "un": "UN",\n    "name": "NAME",\n    "area": "AREA",\n    "pop2005": "POP2005",\n    "region": "REGION",\n    "subregion": "SUBREGION",\n    "lon": "LON",\n    "lat": "LAT",\n    "geom": "MULTIPOLYGON",\n}\n
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Ceisteanna SpásúlaLink to this heading#

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Cuardaigh SpásúlaLink to this heading#

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Cuireann GeodJango cuardaigh spásúla leis an ORM Django. Mar shampla, is féidir leat an tír a fháil sa tábla Worldborder ina bhfuil pointe áirithe. Ar dtús, déan an bhlaosc bainistíochta a dhó:

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Linux / macOS

Shell
$ python manage.py shell\n
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Windows

Windows
...\\> py manage.py shell\n
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Anois, sainmhínigh pointe spéise [#] _:

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Python console
>>> pnt_wkt = "POINT(-95.3385 29.7245)"\n
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Léiríonn an teaghrán pnt_wkt` an pointe ag -95.3385 céim domhanleithead, 29.7245 céim domhanleithead. Tá an geoiméadracht i bhformáid ar a dtugtar Well Knowledge Text (WKT), caighdeán arna eisiúint ag an gCuibhreannas Geospásúil Oscailte (OGC). [#] _ Iompórtáil an tsamhail Worldborder, agus déan cuardach contains ag baint úsáide as an pnt_wkt` mar an paraiméadar:

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Python console
>>> from world.models import WorldBorder\n>>> WorldBorder.objects.filter(mpoly__contains=pnt_wkt)\n<QuerySet [<WorldBorder: United States>]>\n
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Anseo, ghnóthaigh tú ``QuerySet ``gan ach samhail amháin: teorainn na Stát Aontaithe (go díreach cad a bheadh ag súil leat).

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<geos>Ar an gcaoi chéanna, is féidir leat a:doc: Rud geoiméadachta GEOS `a úsáid freisin. Anseo, is féidir leat an cuardach spásúil ``intersects` a chomhcheangal leis an modh get ``chun ach an sampla ``Worldborder a aisghabháil do San Mairíne in ionad tacar ceisteanna:

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Python console
>>> from django.contrib.gis.geos import Point\n>>> pnt = Point(12.4604, 43.9420)\n>>> WorldBorder.objects.get(mpoly__intersects=pnt)\n<WorldBorder: San Marino>\n
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Níl na cuardaigh contains agus intersects` ach fo-thacar de na ceisteanna atá ar fáil -- tá níos mó ag an doiciméadach:doc: db-api.

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Claochluithe SpásúlaLink to this heading#

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Agus ceisteanna spásúla á dhéanamh agat, athraíonn GeodJango geoiméadraí go huathoibríoch má tá siad i gcóras comhordaithe difriúil. Sa sampla seo a leanas, cuirfear comhordanáidí in iúl in `EPSG SRID 32140`__, córas comhordaithe atá sonrach do theas Texas ** amháin agus in aonaid de** méadair**, ní céimeanna:

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Python console
>>> from django.contrib.gis.geos import GEOSGeometry, Point\n>>> pnt = Point(954158.1, 4215137.1, srid=32140)\n
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Tabhair faoi deara gur féidir “pnt” a thógáil le EWKT freisin, foirm “leathnaithe” de WKT a chuimsíonn an SRID:

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Python console
>>> pnt = GEOSGeometry("SRID=32140;POINT(954158.1 4215137.1)")\n
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Fillfidh ORM GeodJango luachanna geoiméadrachta go huathoibríoch i SQL claochlú, rud a ligeann don fhorbróir oibriú ag leibhéal níos airde teastartha:

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Python console
>>> qs = WorldBorder.objects.filter(mpoly__intersects=pnt)\n>>> print(qs.query)  # Generating the SQL\nSELECT "world_worldborder"."id", "world_worldborder"."name", "world_worldborder"."area",\n"world_worldborder"."pop2005", "world_worldborder"."fips", "world_worldborder"."iso2",\n"world_worldborder"."iso3", "world_worldborder"."un", "world_worldborder"."region",\n"world_worldborder"."subregion", "world_worldborder"."lon", "world_worldborder"."lat",\n"world_worldborder"."mpoly" FROM "world_worldborder"\nWHERE ST_Intersects("world_worldborder"."mpoly", ST_Transform(%s, 4326))\n>>> qs  # printing evaluates the queryset\n<QuerySet [<WorldBorder: United States>]>\n
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Geoiméadraí leisciúlaLink to this heading#

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Luchtaíonn GeoDjango geoiméadraí i léiriú téacsúil chaighdeánaithe. Nuair a dhéantar rochtain ar an réimse geoiméadrach den chéad uair, cruthaíonn GeodJango réad a:class: ~django.contrib.gis.geos.geosGeometry, ag nochtadh feidhmiúlacht chumhachtach, mar airíonna sraitheach do fhormáidí geospásúla móréilimh:

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Python console
>>> sm = WorldBorder.objects.get(name="San Marino")\n>>> sm.mpoly\n<MultiPolygon object at 0x24c6798>\n>>> sm.mpoly.wkt  # WKT\nMULTIPOLYGON (((12.4157980000000006 43.9579540000000009, 12.4505540000000003 43.9797209999999978, ...\n>>> sm.mpoly.wkb  # WKB (as Python binary buffer)\n<read-only buffer for 0x1fe2c70, size -1, offset 0 at 0x2564c40>\n>>> sm.mpoly.geojson  # GeoJSON\n'{ "type": "MultiPolygon", "coordinates": [ [ [ [ 12.415798, 43.957954 ], [ 12.450554, 43.979721 ], ...\n
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Áirítear leis seo rochtain ar na hardoibríochtaí geoiméadracha go léir a sholáthraíonn leabharlann GEOS:

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Python console
>>> pnt = Point(12.4604, 43.9420)\n>>> sm.mpoly.contains(pnt)\nTrue\n>>> pnt.contains(sm.mpoly)\nFalse\n
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Anótaí geografachaLink to this heading#

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Cuireann GeodJango sraith anótaí geografacha ar fáil freisin chun achair agus roinnt oibríochtaí eile a ríomh (trasna, difríocht, srl.). Féach an doiciméad:doc: feidhmeans.

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Cuir do chuid sonraí ar an léarscáilLink to this heading#

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Riarachán GeografachLink to this heading#

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Django's admin application supports editing\ngeometry fields.

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BuneilimintíLink to this heading#

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Ligeann riarachán Django d'úsáideoirí geoiméadraí a chruthú agus a mhodhnú ar léarscáil slippy JavaScript (faoi thiomáint ag OpenLayers).

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Déanaimis tumadóireacht isteach. Cruthaigh comhad darb ainm admin.py` taobh istigh den fheidhmchlár domh leis an gcód seo a leanas:

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from django.contrib.gis import admin\nfrom .models import WorldBorder\n\nadmin.site.register(WorldBorder, admin.ModelAdmin)\n
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Ansin, cuir do urls.py` in eagar san fhillteán feidhmchláir geodjango mar seo a leanas:

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Code
from django.contrib import admin\nfrom django.urls import include, path\n\nurlpatterns = [\n    path("admin/", admin.site.urls),\n]\n
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Cruthaigh úsáideoir riaracháin:

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Linux / macOS

Shell
$ python manage.py createsuperuser\n
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Windows

Windows
...\\> py manage.py createsuperuser\n
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Ansin, cuir tús leis an bhfreastalaí forbartha Django:

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Linux / macOS

Shell
$ python manage.py runserver\n
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Windows

Windows
...\\> py manage.py runserver\n
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Faoi dheireadh, brabhsáil chuig http://localhost:8000/admin/, agus logáil isteach leis an úsáideoir a chruthaigh tú díreach. Brabhsáil chuig aon cheann de na hiontrálacha Worldborder - is féidir na teorainneacha a chur in eagar trí chliceáil ar pholugún agus na coirteanna a tharraingt go dtí an suíomh atá ag teastáil.

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GisModelAdminLink to this heading#

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Leis an: class: ~django.contrib.gis.admin.gismodelAdmin, úsáideann GeoDjango ciseal OpenStreetMap sa riarachán. Soláthraíonn sé seo níos mó comhthéacs (lena n-áirítear sonraí sráide agus smachta) ná mar atá ar fáil len:class: ~django.contrib.admin.modelAdmin (a úsáideann an tacar sonraí Level Léarscáil Vector 0 WMS atá óstáilte ag OsGeo).

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Caithfear na comhaid aistrithe dáta PROJ a shuiteáil (féach an:ref: `Treoracha suiteála PROJ <proj4>`le haghaidh tuilleadh sonraí).

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Má chomhlíonann tú an riachtanas seo, ansin bain úsáid as an rang rogha GisModelAdmin i do chomhad admin.py:

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Code
admin.site.register(WorldBorder, admin.GISModelAdmin)\n
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Fonótaí

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