{"title":"Autenticación con el uso de REMOTE_USER","version":"3.0","locale":"es","docname":"howto/auth-remote-user","url":"/es/3.0/howto/auth-remote-user/","canonical":"https://djangodocs.dev/es/3.0/howto/auth-remote-user/","summary":"Este documento describe como hacer uso de los recursos de autenticación remota (donde el servidor web define la variable de entorno REMOTE_USER ) en tu aplicaciones…","html":"<h1>Autenticación con el uso de <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">REMOTE_USER</span></code><a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#authentication-using-remote-user\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this heading</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></h1>\n<p>Este documento describe como hacer uso de los recursos de autenticación remota (donde el servidor web define la variable de entorno <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">REMOTE_USER</span></code>) en tu aplicaciones Django. Este tipo de solución de autenticación es típicamente vista en sitios de intranet con soluciones simples de ingreso como IIS con Integrated Windows Authentication o apache con <a class=\"reference external\" href=\"https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/mod_authnz_ldap.html\">mod_authnz_ldap</a>, <a class=\"reference external\" href=\"https://www.apereo.org/projects/cas\">CAS</a>, <a class=\"reference external\" href=\"http://weblogin.org\">Cosign</a>, <a class=\"reference external\" href=\"https://www.stanford.edu/services/webauth/\">WebAuth</a>, <a class=\"reference external\" href=\"https://sourceforge.net/projects/mod-auth-sspi\">mod_auth_sspi</a>, etc.</p>\n<p>Cuando el servidor web se ocupa de la autenticación, típicamente define la variable de ambiente <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">REMOTE_USER</span></code> para el uso subyacente en la aplicación. En Django, <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">REMOTE_USER</span></code> está disponible en el atributo <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/es/3.0/ref/request-response/#django.http.HttpRequest.META\" title=\"django.http.HttpRequest.META\"><code class=\"xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">request.META</span></code></a>. Django puede ser configurado para hacer uso del valor de <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">REMOTE_USER</span></code> usando el <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">RemoteUserMiddleware</span></code> o el <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">PersistentRemoteUserMiddleware</span></code> y las clases <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/es/3.0/ref/contrib/auth/#django.contrib.auth.backends.RemoteUserBackend\" title=\"django.contrib.auth.backends.RemoteUserBackend\"><code class=\"xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">RemoteUserBackend</span></code></a> encontradas en <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/es/3.0/topics/auth/#module-django.contrib.auth\" title=\"django.contrib.auth: Django's authentication framework.\"><code class=\"xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">django.contrib.auth</span></code></a>.</p>\n<section id=\"configuration\">\n<h2>Configuración<a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#configuration\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this heading</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></h2>\n<p>Primero debes agregar la clase <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/es/3.0/ref/middleware/#django.contrib.auth.middleware.RemoteUserMiddleware\" title=\"django.contrib.auth.middleware.RemoteUserMiddleware\"><code class=\"xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">django.contrib.auth.middleware.RemoteUserMiddleware</span></code></a> a la configuración de <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/es/3.0/ref/settings/#std-setting-MIDDLEWARE\"><code class=\"xref std std-setting docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">MIDDLEWARE</span></code></a> después de <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/es/3.0/ref/middleware/#django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware\" title=\"django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware\"><code class=\"xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware</span></code></a>:</p>\n<div class=\"code-block\" data-language=\"default\"><div class=\"code-block-toolbar\"><span class=\"code-block-language\">Code</span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-button\" data-copy hidden><span class=\"copy-button-label\">Copy</span></button></div><pre role=\"group\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Code code\"><code><span class=\"n\">MIDDLEWARE</span> <span class=\"o\">=</span> <span class=\"p\">[</span>\n    <span class=\"s1\">&#39;...&#39;</span><span class=\"p\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"s1\">&#39;django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware&#39;</span><span class=\"p\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"s1\">&#39;django.contrib.auth.middleware.RemoteUserMiddleware&#39;</span><span class=\"p\">,</span>\n    <span class=\"s1\">&#39;...&#39;</span><span class=\"p\">,</span>\n<span class=\"p\">]</span>\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>Luego, debes remplazar la clase <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/es/3.0/ref/contrib/auth/#django.contrib.auth.backends.ModelBackend\" title=\"django.contrib.auth.backends.ModelBackend\"><code class=\"xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">ModelBackend</span></code></a> por <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/es/3.0/ref/contrib/auth/#django.contrib.auth.backends.RemoteUserBackend\" title=\"django.contrib.auth.backends.RemoteUserBackend\"><code class=\"xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">RemoteUserBackend</span></code></a> en la configuración <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/es/3.0/ref/settings/#std-setting-AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS\"><code class=\"xref std std-setting docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS</span></code></a>:</p>\n<div class=\"code-block\" data-language=\"default\"><div class=\"code-block-toolbar\"><span class=\"code-block-language\">Code</span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-button\" data-copy hidden><span class=\"copy-button-label\">Copy</span></button></div><pre role=\"group\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Code code\"><code><span class=\"n\">AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS</span> <span class=\"o\">=</span> <span class=\"p\">[</span>\n    <span class=\"s1\">&#39;django.contrib.auth.backends.RemoteUserBackend&#39;</span><span class=\"p\">,</span>\n<span class=\"p\">]</span>\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>Con esta configuración, <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">RemoteUserMiddleware</span></code> detectará el usuario en <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">request.META['REMOTE_USER']</span></code> y autenticará e iniciará automáticamente la sesión de usuario usando <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/es/3.0/ref/contrib/auth/#django.contrib.auth.backends.RemoteUserBackend\" title=\"django.contrib.auth.backends.RemoteUserBackend\"><code class=\"xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">RemoteUserBackend</span></code></a>.</p>\n<p>Se conciente que esta configuración particular deshabilita la autenticación por defecto con el <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">ModelBackend</span></code>. Esto significa que si el valor del <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">REMOTE_USER</span></code> no está definido, entonces el usuario no será capaz de ingresar, incluso usando la interfaz de administración de Django.  Agregando <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">'django.contrib.auth.backends.ModelBackend'</span></code> a la lista de <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS</span></code>, servirá como respaldo si <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">REMOTE_USER</span></code> no está definido, lo que resolverá estas problemáticas.</p>\n<p>El sistema de usuarios de Django, como las vistas en <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">contrib.admin</span></code> y el comando de manejo <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/es/3.0/ref/django-admin/#django-admin-createsuperuser\"><code class=\"xref std std-djadmin docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">createsuperuser</span></code></a>, no se integran con usuarios remotos. Estas interfaces trabajan con usuarios almacenados en la base de datos independientemente de <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS</span></code>.</p>\n<aside class=\"admonition admonition-note\" role=\"note\">\n<p class=\"admonition-title\">Nota</p>\n<p>Como <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">RemoteUserBackend</span></code> hereda de <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">ModelBackend</span></code>, todavía tendrás la misma comprobación de permisos implementada en <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">ModelBackend</span></code>.</p>\n<p>Usuarios con <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/es/3.0/ref/contrib/auth/#django.contrib.auth.models.User.is_active\" title=\"django.contrib.auth.models.User.is_active\"><code class=\"xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">is_active=False</span></code></a> no serán capaces de autenticarse. Usa <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/es/3.0/ref/contrib/auth/#django.contrib.auth.backends.AllowAllUsersRemoteUserBackend\" title=\"django.contrib.auth.backends.AllowAllUsersRemoteUserBackend\"><code class=\"xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">AllowAllUsersRemoteUserBackend</span></code></a> si quieres permitirles hacerlo.</p>\n</aside>\n<p>Si tu mecanismo de autenticación usa una cabecera HTTP personalizada y no <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">REMOTE_USER</span></code>, puedes crear una clase hija de <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">RemoteUserMiddleware</span></code> y configurar el atributo <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">header</span></code> con la llave de <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">request.META</span></code> deseada. Por ejemplo:</p>\n<div class=\"code-block\" data-language=\"default\"><div class=\"code-block-toolbar\"><span class=\"code-block-language\">Code</span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-button\" data-copy hidden><span class=\"copy-button-label\">Copy</span></button></div><pre role=\"group\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Code code\"><code><span class=\"kn\">from</span><span class=\"w\"> </span><span class=\"nn\">django.contrib.auth.middleware</span><span class=\"w\"> </span><span class=\"kn\">import</span> <span class=\"n\">RemoteUserMiddleware</span>\n\n<span class=\"k\">class</span><span class=\"w\"> </span><span class=\"nc\">CustomHeaderMiddleware</span><span class=\"p\">(</span><span class=\"n\">RemoteUserMiddleware</span><span class=\"p\">):</span>\n    <span class=\"n\">header</span> <span class=\"o\">=</span> <span class=\"s1\">&#39;HTTP_AUTHUSER&#39;</span>\n</code></pre></div>\n<aside class=\"admonition admonition-warning\" role=\"note\">\n<p class=\"admonition-title\">Advertencia</p>\n<p>Se muy cuidadoso al usar una subclase de <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">RemoteUserMiddleware</span></code> con un encabezado HTTP personalizado. Debes asegurarte que tu servidor web siempre defina o separe ese encabezado basado en las validaciones apropiadas de autenticación, nunca permitiendo que un usuario final envíe un encabezado falso (o envenenado). Desde que los encabezados HTTP <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">X-Auth-User</span></code>  y <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">X-Auth_User</span></code> por ejemplo se normalizan en la llave <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">HTTP_X_AUTH_USER</span></code> de <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">request.META</span></code>, tu debes verificar que el servidor web no permita encabezados envenenados usando guiones bajos en lugar de guiones.</p>\n<p>Esta advertencia no se aplica a <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">RemoteUserMiddleware</span></code> en su configuración por omisión con <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">header</span> <span class=\"pre\">=</span> <span class=\"pre\">'REMOTE_USER'</span></code>, pues las llaves de <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">request.META</span></code> que no comiencen con <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">HTTP_</span></code> solo pueden ser establecidas por el servidor WSGI, no directamente desde una cabecera de petición HTTP.</p>\n</aside>\n<p>Si necesitas más control, puedes crear tu propio backend de autenticación que herede de <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/es/3.0/ref/contrib/auth/#django.contrib.auth.backends.RemoteUserBackend\" title=\"django.contrib.auth.backends.RemoteUserBackend\"><code class=\"xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">RemoteUserBackend</span></code></a> y redefinir uno o más de sus atributos y métodos.</p>\n</section>\n<section id=\"using-remote-user-on-login-pages-only\">\n<span id=\"persistent-remote-user-middleware-howto\"></span><h2>Usando <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">REMOTE_USER</span></code> en paginas de ingreso solamente<a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#using-remote-user-on-login-pages-only\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this heading</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></h2>\n<p>The <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">RemoteUserMiddleware</span></code> authentication middleware assumes that the HTTP\nrequest header <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">REMOTE_USER</span></code> is present with all authenticated requests. That\nmight be expected and practical when Basic HTTP Auth with <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">htpasswd</span></code> or\nsimilar mechanisms are used, but with Negotiate (GSSAPI/Kerberos) or other\nresource intensive authentication methods, the authentication in the front-end\nHTTP server is usually only set up for one or a few login URLs, and after\nsuccessful authentication, the application is supposed to maintain the\nauthenticated session itself.</p>\n<p><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/es/3.0/ref/middleware/#django.contrib.auth.middleware.PersistentRemoteUserMiddleware\" title=\"django.contrib.auth.middleware.PersistentRemoteUserMiddleware\"><code class=\"xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">PersistentRemoteUserMiddleware</span></code></a>\nprovides support for this use case. It will maintain the authenticated session\nuntil explicit logout by the user. The class can be used as a drop-in\nreplacement of <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/es/3.0/ref/middleware/#django.contrib.auth.middleware.RemoteUserMiddleware\" title=\"django.contrib.auth.middleware.RemoteUserMiddleware\"><code class=\"xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">RemoteUserMiddleware</span></code></a>\nin the documentation above.</p>\n</section>","rootId":"authentication-using-remote-user","toc":[{"title":"Configuración","anchor":"configuration","children":[]},{"title":"Usando REMOTE_USER en paginas de ingreso solamente","anchor":"using-remote-user-on-login-pages-only","children":[]}],"breadcrumbs":[{"docname":"howto/index","title":"«How-to» guides","url":"/es/3.0/howto/"}],"prev":{"docname":"howto/index","title":"«How-to» guides","url":"/es/3.0/howto/"},"next":{"docname":"howto/custom-management-commands","title":"Writing custom django-admin commands","url":"/es/3.0/howto/custom-management-commands/"},"formats":{"html":"/es/3.0/howto/auth-remote-user/","markdown":"/es/3.0/howto/auth-remote-user.md","json":"/es/3.0/howto/auth-remote-user.json"},"source":"https://github.com/django/django/blob/stable/3.0.x/docs/howto/auth-remote-user.txt","official":"https://docs.djangoproject.com/es/3.0/howto/auth-remote-user/","inVersions":["6.1","6.0","5.2","5.1","5.0","4.2","4.1","4.0","3.2","3.1","3.0","2.2","2.1","2.0","1.11","1.10","1.9"],"inLocales":["en","zh-hans","fr","ja","id","pt-br","ko","es","el","pl"]}