{"title":"Creación de sistema de almacenamiento personalizado","version":"1.11","locale":"es","docname":"howto/custom-file-storage","url":"/es/1.11/howto/custom-file-storage/","canonical":"https://djangodocs.dev/es/1.11/howto/custom-file-storage/","summary":"Si necesitas proporcionar un almacenamiento de archivos personalizado -un ejemplo común es almacenar archivos en algún sistema de archivos remoto- puedes hacerlo…","html":"<h1>Creación de sistema de almacenamiento personalizado<a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#writing-a-custom-storage-system\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this heading</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></h1>\n<p>Si necesitas proporcionar un almacenamiento de archivos personalizado -un ejemplo común es almacenar archivos en algún sistema de archivos remoto- puedes hacerlo definiendo una clase de almacenamiento personalizada. Deberás seguir estos pasos:</p>\n<ol class=\"arabic\">\n<li><p>Tu sistema de almacenamiento personalizado debe heredar de <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">django.core.files.storage.Storage</span></code>:</p>\n<div class=\"code-block\" data-language=\"default\"><div class=\"code-block-toolbar\"><span class=\"code-block-language\">Code</span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-button\" data-copy hidden><span class=\"copy-button-label\">Copy</span></button></div><pre role=\"group\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Code code\"><code><span class=\"kn\">from</span><span class=\"w\"> </span><span class=\"nn\">django.core.files.storage</span><span class=\"w\"> </span><span class=\"kn\">import</span> <span class=\"n\">Storage</span>\n\n<span class=\"k\">class</span><span class=\"w\"> </span><span class=\"nc\">MyStorage</span><span class=\"p\">(</span><span class=\"n\">Storage</span><span class=\"p\">):</span>\n    <span class=\"o\">...</span>\n</code></pre></div>\n</li>\n<li><p>Djando debe ser capaz de crear una instancia de tu sistema de almacenamiento sin pasarle argumentos. Esto significa que cualquier ajuste debe ser tomado de <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">django.conf.settings</span></code>:</p>\n<div class=\"code-block\" data-language=\"default\"><div class=\"code-block-toolbar\"><span class=\"code-block-language\">Code</span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-button\" data-copy hidden><span class=\"copy-button-label\">Copy</span></button></div><pre role=\"group\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Code code\"><code><span class=\"kn\">from</span><span class=\"w\"> </span><span class=\"nn\">django.conf</span><span class=\"w\"> </span><span class=\"kn\">import</span> <span class=\"n\">settings</span>\n<span class=\"kn\">from</span><span class=\"w\"> </span><span class=\"nn\">django.core.files.storage</span><span class=\"w\"> </span><span class=\"kn\">import</span> <span class=\"n\">Storage</span>\n\n<span class=\"k\">class</span><span class=\"w\"> </span><span class=\"nc\">MyStorage</span><span class=\"p\">(</span><span class=\"n\">Storage</span><span class=\"p\">):</span>\n    <span class=\"k\">def</span><span class=\"w\"> </span><span class=\"fm\">__init__</span><span class=\"p\">(</span><span class=\"bp\">self</span><span class=\"p\">,</span> <span class=\"n\">option</span><span class=\"o\">=</span><span class=\"kc\">None</span><span class=\"p\">):</span>\n        <span class=\"k\">if</span> <span class=\"ow\">not</span> <span class=\"n\">option</span><span class=\"p\">:</span>\n            <span class=\"n\">option</span> <span class=\"o\">=</span> <span class=\"n\">settings</span><span class=\"o\">.</span><span class=\"n\">CUSTOM_STORAGE_OPTIONS</span>\n        <span class=\"o\">...</span>\n</code></pre></div>\n</li>\n<li><p>La clase de almacenamiento deberá implementar los métodos <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"#django.core.files.storage._open\" title=\"django.core.files.storage._open\"><code class=\"xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">_open()</span></code></a> y <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"#django.core.files.storage._save\" title=\"django.core.files.storage._save\"><code class=\"xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">_save()</span></code></a>, junto con cualquier otro método apropiado para tu clase de almacenamiento. Observar debajo más sobre estos métodos.</p>\n<p>Adicionalmente, la clase proporciona almacenamiento local de archivos, debe redefinir el método <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">path()</span></code>.</p>\n</li>\n<li><p>La clase de almacenamiento debe ser <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/es/1.11/topics/migrations/#custom-deconstruct-method\"><span class=\"std std-ref\">deconstruible</span></a> para que pueda ser serializada al usarse en un campo en una migración. Siempre y cuando el campo tenga argumentos que sean <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/es/1.11/topics/migrations/#migration-serializing\"><span class=\"std std-ref\">serializables</span></a> por sí mismos, puedes usar el decorador de clase <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">django.utils.deconstruct.deconstructible</span></code> con este propósito (es lo que Django usa en FileSystemStorage).</p></li>\n</ol>\n<p>Por omisión, los siguientes métodos lanzan como excepción NotImplementedError por lo que deberán ser redefinidos:</p>\n<ul class=\"simple\">\n<li><p><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/es/1.11/ref/files/storage/#django.core.files.storage.Storage.delete\" title=\"django.core.files.storage.Storage.delete\"><code class=\"xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">Storage.delete()</span></code></a></p></li>\n<li><p><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/es/1.11/ref/files/storage/#django.core.files.storage.Storage.exists\" title=\"django.core.files.storage.Storage.exists\"><code class=\"xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">Storage.exists()</span></code></a></p></li>\n<li><p><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/es/1.11/ref/files/storage/#django.core.files.storage.Storage.listdir\" title=\"django.core.files.storage.Storage.listdir\"><code class=\"xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">Storage.listdir()</span></code></a></p></li>\n<li><p><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/es/1.11/ref/files/storage/#django.core.files.storage.Storage.size\" title=\"django.core.files.storage.Storage.size\"><code class=\"xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">Storage.size()</span></code></a></p></li>\n<li><p><a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/es/1.11/ref/files/storage/#django.core.files.storage.Storage.url\" title=\"django.core.files.storage.Storage.url\"><code class=\"xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">Storage.url()</span></code></a></p></li>\n</ul>\n<p>Nótese sin embargo que no todos estos métodos son requeridos y pueden ser omitidos. Como suele ocurrir, es posible dejar cada método sin ser implementado y tener un Storage funcional.</p>\n<p>Por medio de ejemplos, si listar el contenido de cierto backend de almacenamiento se vuelve costoso, puedes decidir si implementar Storage.listdir.</p>\n<p>Otro ejemplo sería un backend que solo contemple la escritura de archivos. En este caso, no necesitarías implementar ninguno de los métodos de arriba.</p>\n<p>Por último, la implementación de estos métodos depende de ti. Dejar algunos sin implementar darían una interfaz parcial (posiblemente rota).</p>\n<p>You’ll also usually want to use hooks specifically designed for custom storage\nobjects. These are:</p>\n<dl class=\"py method\">\n<dt class=\"sig sig-object py\" id=\"django.core.files.storage._open\">\n<span class=\"sig-name descname\"><span class=\"pre\">_open</span></span><span class=\"sig-paren\">(</span><em class=\"sig-param\"><span class=\"n\"><span class=\"pre\">name</span></span></em>, <em class=\"sig-param\"><span class=\"n\"><span class=\"pre\">mode</span></span><span class=\"o\"><span class=\"pre\">=</span></span><span class=\"default_value\"><span class=\"pre\">'rb'</span></span></em><span class=\"sig-paren\">)</span><a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#django.core.files.storage._open\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this definition</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></dt>\n<dd></dd></dl>\n\n<p><strong>Requerido</strong></p>\n<p>Called by <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">Storage.open()</span></code>, this is the actual mechanism the storage class\nuses to open the file. This must return a <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">File</span></code> object, though in most cases,\nyou’ll want to return some subclass here that implements logic specific to the\nbackend storage system.</p>\n<dl class=\"py method\">\n<dt class=\"sig sig-object py\" id=\"django.core.files.storage._save\">\n<span class=\"sig-name descname\"><span class=\"pre\">_save</span></span><span class=\"sig-paren\">(</span><em class=\"sig-param\"><span class=\"n\"><span class=\"pre\">name</span></span></em>, <em class=\"sig-param\"><span class=\"n\"><span class=\"pre\">content</span></span></em><span class=\"sig-paren\">)</span><a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#django.core.files.storage._save\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this definition</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></dt>\n<dd></dd></dl>\n\n<p>Called by <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">Storage.save()</span></code>. The <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">name</span></code> will already have gone through\n<code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">get_valid_name()</span></code> and <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">get_available_name()</span></code>, and the <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">content</span></code> will be a\n<code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">File</span></code> object itself.</p>\n<p>Should return the actual name of name of the file saved (usually the <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">name</span></code>\npassed in, but if the storage needs to change the file name return the new name\ninstead).</p>\n<dl class=\"py method\">\n<dt class=\"sig sig-object py\" id=\"django.core.files.storage.get_valid_name\">\n<span class=\"sig-name descname\"><span class=\"pre\">get_valid_name</span></span><span class=\"sig-paren\">(</span><em class=\"sig-param\"><span class=\"n\"><span class=\"pre\">name</span></span></em><span class=\"sig-paren\">)</span><a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#django.core.files.storage.get_valid_name\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this definition</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></dt>\n<dd></dd></dl>\n\n<p>Returns a filename suitable for use with the underlying storage system. The\n<code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">name</span></code> argument passed to this method is either the original filename sent to\nthe server or, if <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">upload_to</span></code> is a callable, the filename returned by that\nmethod after any path information is removed. Override this to customize how\nnon-standard characters are converted to safe filenames.</p>\n<p>The code provided on <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">Storage</span></code> retains only alpha-numeric characters, periods\nand underscores from the original filename, removing everything else.</p>\n<dl class=\"py method\">\n<dt class=\"sig sig-object py\" id=\"django.core.files.storage.get_available_name\">\n<span class=\"sig-name descname\"><span class=\"pre\">get_available_name</span></span><span class=\"sig-paren\">(</span><em class=\"sig-param\"><span class=\"n\"><span class=\"pre\">name</span></span></em>, <em class=\"sig-param\"><span class=\"n\"><span class=\"pre\">max_length</span></span><span class=\"o\"><span class=\"pre\">=</span></span><span class=\"default_value\"><span class=\"pre\">None</span></span></em><span class=\"sig-paren\">)</span><a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#django.core.files.storage.get_available_name\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this definition</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></dt>\n<dd></dd></dl>\n\n<p>Returns a filename that is available in the storage mechanism, possibly taking\nthe provided filename into account. The <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">name</span></code> argument passed to this method\nwill have already cleaned to a filename valid for the storage system, according\nto the <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">get_valid_name()</span></code> method described above.</p>\n<p>The length of the filename will not exceed <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">max_length</span></code>, if provided. If a\nfree unique filename cannot be found, a <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/es/1.11/ref/exceptions/#django.core.exceptions.SuspiciousOperation\" title=\"django.core.exceptions.SuspiciousOperation\"><code class=\"xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">SuspiciousFileOperation</span></code></a> exception is raised.</p>\n<p>If a file with <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">name</span></code> already exists, an underscore plus a random 7 character\nalphanumeric string is appended to the filename before the extension.</p>","rootId":"writing-a-custom-storage-system","toc":[],"breadcrumbs":[{"docname":"howto/index","title":"«How-to» guides","url":"/es/1.11/howto/"}],"prev":{"docname":"howto/custom-template-tags","title":"Custom template tags and filters","url":"/es/1.11/howto/custom-template-tags/"},"next":{"docname":"howto/deployment/index","title":"Deploying Django","url":"/es/1.11/howto/deployment/"},"formats":{"html":"/es/1.11/howto/custom-file-storage/","markdown":"/es/1.11/howto/custom-file-storage.md","json":"/es/1.11/howto/custom-file-storage.json"},"source":"https://github.com/django/django/blob/stable/1.11.x/docs/howto/custom-file-storage.txt","official":"https://docs.djangoproject.com/es/1.11/howto/custom-file-storage/","inVersions":["6.1","6.0","5.2","5.1","5.0","4.2","4.1","4.0","3.2","3.1","3.0","2.2","2.1","2.0","1.11","1.10","1.9"],"inLocales":["en","fr","ja","id","pt-br","ko","es","el","pl"]}