{"title":"FAQ: Databases and models","version":"1.9","locale":"en","docname":"faq/models","url":"/en/1.9/faq/models/","canonical":"https://djangodocs.dev/en/1.9/faq/models/","summary":"How can I see the raw SQL queries Django is running? Link to this heading # Make sure your Django DEBUG setting is set to True . Then, just do this: Code Copy >>>…","html":"<h1>FAQ: Databases and models<a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#faq-databases-and-models\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this heading</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></h1>\n<section id=\"how-can-i-see-the-raw-sql-queries-django-is-running\">\n<span id=\"faq-see-raw-sql-queries\"></span><h2>How can I see the raw SQL queries Django is running?<a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#how-can-i-see-the-raw-sql-queries-django-is-running\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this heading</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></h2>\n<p>Make sure your Django <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/en/1.9/ref/settings/#std-setting-DEBUG\"><code class=\"xref std std-setting docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">DEBUG</span></code></a> setting is set to <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">True</span></code>.\nThen, just do this:</p>\n<div class=\"code-block\" data-language=\"default\"><div class=\"code-block-toolbar\"><span class=\"code-block-language\">Code</span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-button\" data-copy hidden><span class=\"copy-button-label\">Copy</span></button></div><pre role=\"group\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Code code\"><code><span class=\"gp\">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class=\"kn\">from</span><span class=\"w\"> </span><span class=\"nn\">django.db</span><span class=\"w\"> </span><span class=\"kn\">import</span> <span class=\"n\">connection</span>\n<span class=\"gp\">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class=\"n\">connection</span><span class=\"o\">.</span><span class=\"n\">queries</span>\n<span class=\"go\">[{&#39;sql&#39;: &#39;SELECT polls_polls.id, polls_polls.question, polls_polls.pub_date FROM polls_polls&#39;,</span>\n<span class=\"go\">&#39;time&#39;: &#39;0.002&#39;}]</span>\n</code></pre></div>\n<p><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">connection.queries</span></code> is only available if <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/en/1.9/ref/settings/#std-setting-DEBUG\"><code class=\"xref std std-setting docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">DEBUG</span></code></a> is <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">True</span></code>.\nIt’s a list of dictionaries in order of query execution. Each dictionary has\nthe following:</p>\n<div class=\"code-block\" data-language=\"default\"><div class=\"code-block-toolbar\"><span class=\"code-block-language\">Code</span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-button\" data-copy hidden><span class=\"copy-button-label\">Copy</span></button></div><pre role=\"group\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Code code\"><code>``sql`` -- The raw SQL statement\n``time`` -- How long the statement took to execute, in seconds.\n</code></pre></div>\n<p><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">connection.queries</span></code> includes all SQL statements – INSERTs, UPDATES,\nSELECTs, etc. Each time your app hits the database, the query will be recorded.</p>\n<p>If you are using <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/en/1.9/topics/db/multi-db/\"><span class=\"doc\">multiple databases</span></a>, you can use the\nsame interface on each member of the <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">connections</span></code> dictionary:</p>\n<div class=\"code-block\" data-language=\"default\"><div class=\"code-block-toolbar\"><span class=\"code-block-language\">Code</span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-button\" data-copy hidden><span class=\"copy-button-label\">Copy</span></button></div><pre role=\"group\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Code code\"><code><span class=\"gp\">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class=\"kn\">from</span><span class=\"w\"> </span><span class=\"nn\">django.db</span><span class=\"w\"> </span><span class=\"kn\">import</span> <span class=\"n\">connections</span>\n<span class=\"gp\">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class=\"n\">connections</span><span class=\"p\">[</span><span class=\"s1\">&#39;my_db_alias&#39;</span><span class=\"p\">]</span><span class=\"o\">.</span><span class=\"n\">queries</span>\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>If you need to clear the query list manually at any point in your functions,\njust call <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">reset_queries()</span></code>, like this:</p>\n<div class=\"code-block\" data-language=\"default\"><div class=\"code-block-toolbar\"><span class=\"code-block-language\">Code</span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-button\" data-copy hidden><span class=\"copy-button-label\">Copy</span></button></div><pre role=\"group\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Code code\"><code><span class=\"kn\">from</span><span class=\"w\"> </span><span class=\"nn\">django.db</span><span class=\"w\"> </span><span class=\"kn\">import</span> <span class=\"n\">reset_queries</span>\n<span class=\"n\">reset_queries</span><span class=\"p\">()</span>\n</code></pre></div>\n</section>\n<section id=\"can-i-use-django-with-a-pre-existing-database\">\n<h2>Can I use Django with a pre-existing database?<a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#can-i-use-django-with-a-pre-existing-database\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this heading</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></h2>\n<p>Yes. See <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/en/1.9/howto/legacy-databases/\"><span class=\"doc\">Integrating with a legacy database</span></a>.</p>\n</section>\n<section id=\"if-i-make-changes-to-a-model-how-do-i-update-the-database\">\n<h2>If I make changes to a model, how do I update the database?<a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#if-i-make-changes-to-a-model-how-do-i-update-the-database\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this heading</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></h2>\n<p>Take a look at Django’s support for <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/en/1.9/topics/migrations/#module-django.db.migrations\" title=\"django.db.migrations: Schema migration support for Django models\"><code class=\"xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">schema</span> <span class=\"pre\">migrations</span></code></a>.</p>\n<p>If you don’t mind clearing data, your project’s <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">manage.py</span></code> utility has a\n<a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/en/1.9/ref/django-admin/#django-admin-flush\"><code class=\"xref std std-djadmin docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">flush</span></code></a> option to reset the database to the state it was in\nimmediately after <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/en/1.9/ref/django-admin/#django-admin-migrate\"><code class=\"xref std std-djadmin docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">migrate</span></code></a> was executed.</p>\n</section>\n<section id=\"do-django-models-support-multiple-column-primary-keys\">\n<h2>Do Django models support multiple-column primary keys?<a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#do-django-models-support-multiple-column-primary-keys\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this heading</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></h2>\n<p>No. Only single-column primary keys are supported.</p>\n<p>But this isn’t an issue in practice, because there’s nothing stopping you from\nadding other constraints (using the <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">unique_together</span></code> model option or\ncreating the constraint directly in your database), and enforcing the\nuniqueness at that level. Single-column primary keys are needed for things such\nas the admin interface to work; e.g., you need a simple way of being able to\nspecify an object to edit or delete.</p>\n</section>\n<section id=\"does-django-support-nosql-databases\">\n<h2>Does Django support NoSQL databases?<a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#does-django-support-nosql-databases\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this heading</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></h2>\n<p>NoSQL databases are not officially supported by Django itself. There are,\nhowever, a number of side project and forks which allow NoSQL functionality in\nDjango, like <a class=\"reference external\" href=\"http://django-nonrel.org/\">Django non-rel</a>.</p>\n<p>You can also take a look on <a class=\"reference external\" href=\"https://code.djangoproject.com/wiki/NoSqlSupport\">the wiki page</a> which discusses some alternatives.</p>\n</section>\n<section id=\"how-do-i-add-database-specific-options-to-my-create-table-statements-such-as-specifying-myisam-as-the-table-type\">\n<h2>How do I add database-specific options to my CREATE TABLE statements, such as specifying MyISAM as the table type?<a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#how-do-i-add-database-specific-options-to-my-create-table-statements-such-as-specifying-myisam-as-the-table-type\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this heading</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></h2>\n<p>We try to avoid adding special cases in the Django code to accommodate all the\ndatabase-specific options such as table type, etc. If you’d like to use any of\nthese options, create a migration with a\n<a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/en/1.9/ref/migration-operations/#django.db.migrations.operations.RunSQL\" title=\"django.db.migrations.operations.RunSQL\"><code class=\"xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">RunSQL</span></code></a> operation that contains\n<code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">ALTER</span> <span class=\"pre\">TABLE</span></code> statements that do what you want to do.</p>\n<p>For example, if you’re using MySQL and want your tables to use the MyISAM table\ntype, use the following SQL:</p>\n<div class=\"code-block\" data-language=\"default\"><div class=\"code-block-toolbar\"><span class=\"code-block-language\">Code</span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-button\" data-copy hidden><span class=\"copy-button-label\">Copy</span></button></div><pre role=\"group\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Code code\"><code><span class=\"n\">ALTER</span> <span class=\"n\">TABLE</span> <span class=\"n\">myapp_mytable</span> <span class=\"n\">ENGINE</span><span class=\"o\">=</span><span class=\"n\">MyISAM</span><span class=\"p\">;</span>\n</code></pre></div>\n</section>","rootId":"faq-databases-and-models","toc":[{"title":"How can I see the raw SQL queries Django is running?","anchor":"how-can-i-see-the-raw-sql-queries-django-is-running","children":[]},{"title":"Can I use Django with a pre-existing database?","anchor":"can-i-use-django-with-a-pre-existing-database","children":[]},{"title":"If I make changes to a model, how do I update the database?","anchor":"if-i-make-changes-to-a-model-how-do-i-update-the-database","children":[]},{"title":"Do Django models support multiple-column primary keys?","anchor":"do-django-models-support-multiple-column-primary-keys","children":[]},{"title":"Does Django support NoSQL databases?","anchor":"does-django-support-nosql-databases","children":[]},{"title":"How do I add database-specific options to my CREATE TABLE statements, such as specifying MyISAM as the table type?","anchor":"how-do-i-add-database-specific-options-to-my-create-table-statements-such-as-specifying-myisam-as-the-table-type","children":[]}],"breadcrumbs":[{"docname":"faq/index","title":"Django FAQ","url":"/en/1.9/faq/"}],"prev":{"docname":"faq/help","title":"FAQ: Getting Help","url":"/en/1.9/faq/help/"},"next":{"docname":"faq/admin","title":"FAQ: The admin","url":"/en/1.9/faq/admin/"},"formats":{"html":"/en/1.9/faq/models/","markdown":"/en/1.9/faq/models.md","json":"/en/1.9/faq/models.json"},"source":"https://github.com/django/django/blob/stable/1.9.x/docs/faq/models.txt","official":"https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/faq/models/","inVersions":["dev","6.1","6.0","5.2","5.1","5.0","4.2","4.1","4.0","3.2","3.1","3.0","2.2","2.1","2.0","1.11","1.10","1.9","1.8"],"inLocales":["en","fr","ja","id","pt-br","es"]}