{"title":"Model class reference","version":"4.2","locale":"el","docname":"ref/models/class","url":"/el/4.2/ref/models/class/","canonical":"https://djangodocs.dev/el/4.2/ref/models/class/","summary":"This document covers features of the Model class. For more information about models, see the complete list of Model reference guides . Attributes Link to this…","html":"<h1>Model class reference<a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#model-class-reference\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this heading</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></h1>\n<p>This document covers features of the <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/el/4.2/ref/models/instances/#django.db.models.Model\" title=\"django.db.models.Model\"><code class=\"xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">Model</span></code></a> class.\nFor more information about models, see <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/el/4.2/ref/models/\"><span class=\"doc\">the complete list of Model\nreference guides</span></a>.</p>\n<section id=\"attributes\">\n<h2>Attributes<a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#attributes\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this heading</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></h2>\n<section id=\"doesnotexist\">\n<h3><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">DoesNotExist</span></code><a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#doesnotexist\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this heading</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></h3>\n<dl class=\"py exception\">\n<dt class=\"sig sig-object py\" id=\"django.db.models.Model.DoesNotExist\">\n<em class=\"property\"><span class=\"k\"><span class=\"pre\">exception</span></span><span class=\"w\"> </span></em><span class=\"sig-prename descclassname\"><span class=\"pre\">Model.</span></span><span class=\"sig-name descname\"><span class=\"pre\">DoesNotExist</span></span><a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#django.db.models.Model.DoesNotExist\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this definition</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></dt>\n<dd><p>This exception is raised by the ORM when an expected object is not found.\nFor example, <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/el/4.2/ref/models/querysets/#django.db.models.query.QuerySet.get\" title=\"django.db.models.query.QuerySet.get\"><code class=\"xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">QuerySet.get()</span></code></a> will raise it when no object is found\nfor the given lookups.</p>\n<p>Django provides a <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">DoesNotExist</span></code> exception as an attribute of each model\nclass to identify the class of object that could not be found, allowing you\nto catch exceptions for a particular model class. The exception is a\nsubclass of <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/el/4.2/ref/exceptions/#django.core.exceptions.ObjectDoesNotExist\" title=\"django.core.exceptions.ObjectDoesNotExist\"><code class=\"xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">django.core.exceptions.ObjectDoesNotExist</span></code></a>.</p>\n</dd></dl>\n\n</section>\n<section id=\"multipleobjectsreturned\">\n<h3><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">MultipleObjectsReturned</span></code><a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#multipleobjectsreturned\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this heading</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></h3>\n<dl class=\"py exception\">\n<dt class=\"sig sig-object py\" id=\"django.db.models.Model.MultipleObjectsReturned\">\n<em class=\"property\"><span class=\"k\"><span class=\"pre\">exception</span></span><span class=\"w\"> </span></em><span class=\"sig-prename descclassname\"><span class=\"pre\">Model.</span></span><span class=\"sig-name descname\"><span class=\"pre\">MultipleObjectsReturned</span></span><a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#django.db.models.Model.MultipleObjectsReturned\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this definition</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></dt>\n<dd><p>This exception is raised by <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/el/4.2/ref/models/querysets/#django.db.models.query.QuerySet.get\" title=\"django.db.models.query.QuerySet.get\"><code class=\"xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">QuerySet.get()</span></code></a> when multiple objects are\nfound for the given lookups.</p>\n<p>Django provides a <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">MultipleObjectsReturned</span></code> exception as an attribute of\neach model class to identify the class of object for which multiple objects\nwere found, allowing you to catch exceptions for a particular model class.\nThe exception is a subclass of\n<a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/el/4.2/ref/exceptions/#django.core.exceptions.MultipleObjectsReturned\" title=\"django.core.exceptions.MultipleObjectsReturned\"><code class=\"xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">django.core.exceptions.MultipleObjectsReturned</span></code></a>.</p>\n</dd></dl>\n\n</section>\n<section id=\"objects\">\n<h3><code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">objects</span></code><a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#objects\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this heading</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></h3>\n<dl class=\"py attribute\">\n<dt class=\"sig sig-object py\" id=\"django.db.models.Model.objects\">\n<span class=\"sig-prename descclassname\"><span class=\"pre\">Model.</span></span><span class=\"sig-name descname\"><span class=\"pre\">objects</span></span><a class=\"heading-anchor\" href=\"#django.db.models.Model.objects\"><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Link to this definition</span><span aria-hidden=\"true\">#</span></a></dt>\n<dd><p>Each non-abstract <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/el/4.2/ref/models/instances/#django.db.models.Model\" title=\"django.db.models.Model\"><code class=\"xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">Model</span></code></a> class must have a\n<a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/el/4.2/topics/db/managers/#django.db.models.Manager\" title=\"django.db.models.Manager\"><code class=\"xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">Manager</span></code></a> instance added to it.\nDjango ensures that in your model class you have  at least a\ndefault <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">Manager</span></code> specified. If you don’t add your own <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">Manager</span></code>,\nDjango will add an attribute <code class=\"docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">objects</span></code> containing default\n<a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/el/4.2/topics/db/managers/#django.db.models.Manager\" title=\"django.db.models.Manager\"><code class=\"xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">Manager</span></code></a> instance. If you add your own\n<a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/el/4.2/topics/db/managers/#django.db.models.Manager\" title=\"django.db.models.Manager\"><code class=\"xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate\"><span class=\"pre\">Manager</span></code></a> instance attribute, the default one does\nnot appear. Consider the following example:</p>\n<div class=\"code-block\" data-language=\"default\"><div class=\"code-block-toolbar\"><span class=\"code-block-language\">Code</span><button type=\"button\" class=\"copy-button\" data-copy hidden><span class=\"copy-button-label\">Copy</span></button></div><pre role=\"group\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Code code\"><code><span class=\"kn\">from</span><span class=\"w\"> </span><span class=\"nn\">django.db</span><span class=\"w\"> </span><span class=\"kn\">import</span> <span class=\"n\">models</span>\n\n\n<span class=\"k\">class</span><span class=\"w\"> </span><span class=\"nc\">Person</span><span class=\"p\">(</span><span class=\"n\">models</span><span class=\"o\">.</span><span class=\"n\">Model</span><span class=\"p\">):</span>\n    <span class=\"c1\"># Add manager with another name</span>\n    <span class=\"n\">people</span> <span class=\"o\">=</span> <span class=\"n\">models</span><span class=\"o\">.</span><span class=\"n\">Manager</span><span class=\"p\">()</span>\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>For more details on model managers see <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/el/4.2/topics/db/managers/\"><span class=\"doc\">Managers</span></a>\nand <a class=\"reference internal\" href=\"/el/4.2/topics/db/queries/#retrieving-objects\"><span class=\"std std-ref\">Retrieving objects</span></a>.</p>\n</dd></dl>\n\n</section>\n</section>","rootId":"model-class-reference","toc":[{"title":"Attributes","anchor":"attributes","children":[{"title":"DoesNotExist","anchor":"doesnotexist","children":[]},{"title":"MultipleObjectsReturned","anchor":"multipleobjectsreturned","children":[]},{"title":"objects","anchor":"objects","children":[]}]}],"breadcrumbs":[{"docname":"ref/index","title":"API Reference","url":"/el/4.2/ref/"},{"docname":"ref/models/index","title":"Models","url":"/el/4.2/ref/models/"}],"prev":{"docname":"ref/models/relations","title":"Related objects reference","url":"/el/4.2/ref/models/relations/"},"next":{"docname":"ref/models/options","title":"Model Meta options","url":"/el/4.2/ref/models/options/"},"formats":{"html":"/el/4.2/ref/models/class/","markdown":"/el/4.2/ref/models/class.md","json":"/el/4.2/ref/models/class.json"},"source":"https://github.com/django/django/blob/stable/4.2.x/docs/ref/models/class.txt","official":"https://docs.djangoproject.com/el/4.2/ref/models/class/","inVersions":["6.1","6.0","5.2","5.1","5.0","4.2","4.1","4.0","3.2","3.1","3.0","2.2","2.1","2.0","1.11","1.10"],"inLocales":["en","zh-hans","fr","ja","id","it","pt-br","ko","es","el","pl"]}